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采用方差分析、相关分析、通径分析和逐步回归分析对串叶松香草种子产量构成因子进行了研究,结果表明:在串叶松香草株高、每株生殖枝数、每株花序数、每花序种子数、千粒重和单株种子产量这6个产量因子中,除株高和千粒重在不同生长年限之间不存在显著差异外,其它因子均存在显著差异;每株花序数和每花序种子数与单株种子产量间存在极显著相关,是串叶松香草种子产量的主要影响因子;串叶松香草单株种子产量的回归模型为:Y=-87.50047+0.14578X3+4.19497X4(F=23.51,Pr0.0001)。 相似文献
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S. Schittenhelm 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(4):253-261
Intercropping represents an alternative to maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture to provide substrate for agricultural biogas production. Maize was intercropped with either sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) or forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] to determine the effect of seasonal water supply on yield and quality of the above‐ground biomass as a fermentation substrate. The two intercrop partners were grown in alternating double rows at plant available soil water levels of 60–80 %, 40–50 % and 15–30 % under a foil tunnel during the years 2006 and 2007 at Braunschweig, Germany. Although the intercrop dry matter yields in each year increased with increasing soil moisture, the partner crops responded quite differently. While maize produced significantly greater biomass under high rather than low water supply in each year, forage sorghum exhibited a significant yield response only in 2006, and sunflower in none of the 2 years. Despite greatly different soil moisture contents, the contribution of sorghum to the intercrop dry matter yield was similar, averaging 43 % in 2006 and 40 % in 2007. Under conditions of moderate and no drought stress, sunflower had a dry matter yield proportion of roughly one‐third in both years. In the severe drought treatment, however, sunflower contributed 37 % in 2006 and 54 % in 2007 to the total intercrop dry matter yield. The comparatively good performance of sunflower under conditions of low water supply is attributable to a fast early growth, which allows this crop to exploit the residual winter soil moisture. While the calculated methane‐producing potential of the maize/sorghum intercrop was not affected by the level of water supply, the maize/sunflower intercrop in 2006 had a higher theoretically attainable specific methane yield under low and medium than under high water supply. Nevertheless, the effect of water regime on substrate composition within the intercrops was small in comparison with the large differences between the intercrops. 相似文献
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摘要:在京郊露地生产条件下,通过6个不同用量沼肥处理田间小区试验,研究了施用沼肥对大白菜产量和品质效应的影响以及该条件下的土壤氮素平衡。当季试验结果表明,大白菜的产量随施氮水平的增加呈线性+平台的变化趋势,当有机肥氮素用量为1055 kg/ha 时,产量达到最高。大白菜收获后,土壤无机氮残留随施氮量的增加呈平台+线性的变化趋势,当有机肥氮素用量超过1019 kg/ha 时,土壤无机氮残留会急剧增加。大白菜-土壤体系的氮素表观损失随施氮量的增加而显著增加。大白菜硝酸盐含量随着施氮量的增加呈现一种直线增加的趋势,但各处理硝酸盐浓度均未超过600 mg/kg,显著低于北京地方规定的白菜硝酸盐食用标准。 相似文献
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N. Brisson C. Gary E. Justes R. Roche B. Mary D. Ripoche D. Zimmer J. Sierra P. Bertuzzi P. Burger F. Bussire Y. M. Cabidoche P. Cellier P. Debaeke J. P. Gaudillre C. Hnault F. Maraux B. Seguin H. Sinoquet 《European Journal of Agronomy》2003,18(3-4):309
is a model that has been developed at INRA (France) since 1996. It simulates crop growth as well as soil water and nitrogen balances driven by daily climatic data. It calculates both agricultural variables (yield, input consumption) and environmental variables (water and nitrogen losses). From a conceptual point of view,
relies essentially on well-known relationships or on simplifications of existing models. One of the key elements of
is its adaptability to various crops. This is achieved by the use of generic parameters relevant for most crops and on options in the model formalisations concerning both physiology and management, that have to be chosen for each crop. All the users of the model form a group that participates in making the model and the software evolve, because
is not a fixed model but rather an interactive modelling platform. This article presents version 5.0 by giving details on the model formalisations concerning shoot ecophysiology, soil functioning in interaction with roots, and relationships between crop management and the soil–crop system. The data required to run the model relate to climate, soil (water and nitrogen initial profiles and permanent soil features) and crop management. The species and varietal parameters are provided by the specialists of each species. The data required to validate the model relate to the agronomic or environmental outputs at the end of the cropping season. Some examples of validation and application are given, demonstrating the generality of the
model and its ability to adapt to a wide range of agro-environmental issues. Finally, the conceptual limits of the model are discussed. 相似文献
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B. Schoo S. Schroetter H. Kage S. Schittenhelm 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(5):345-359
The cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is presently discussed as a promising alternative to silage maize for biomethane production in Germany. It is assumed that the cup plant develops a profound root system, contributing decisively to the drought tolerance of this crop. This study is aimed at providing the first experimental data on root growth and water uptake of this novel biogas crop. Root morphological characteristics of the cup plant were studied at six sites differing in soil type. Root samplings were made at the time of maximum root expansion (flowering). In a 2‐year field experiment at an additional location, continuous measurements of root development and soil water acquisition during the growth cycle were taken under contrasting water supply, together with maize (Zea mays L.) and lucerne grass (mixture of Medicago sativa L. with Festuca pratensis Huds. and Phleum pratense L.) as reference crops. The cup plant attained maximum rooting depths of 80–240 cm. The root length density was comparable to that of maize, but markedly lower than that of lucerne grass. Despite the cup plant's higher potential evapotranspiration and similar water‐use efficiency, its soil water extraction ability was significantly lower than that of lucerne grass. Compared with maize and lucerne grass, the cup plant showed no outstanding ability to cope with drought stress by means of its root system. Because of its high potential evapotranspiration, the cup plant can attain biomass yields comparable to those of maize only at sites with high water supply. 相似文献
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简述了国内外近些年麦类作物水肥耦合研究的结果,总结了水肥耦合的含义、水肥耦合效应对麦类作物生长发育、产量,水肥利用率,光合及生理特性、土壤养分变化及作物品质的影响。提出了今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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串叶松香草营养成分及其营养价值分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
串叶松香草犤SilphiumperfoliatumL.犦已经在我国各个省区广泛种植。营养价值非常高,其粗蛋白含量高,占干重的17.83%~23.6%,接近或超过多数豆科牧草。其蛋白质中含有人体所需全部必需氨基酸,尤其是限制性氨基酸赖氨酸含量特别高,占蛋白质含量的5.28%,可以弥补谷物类食品在赖氨酸方面的严重不足。干样分析串叶松香草的钙含量为2.5%~3.22%,磷含量为0.28%~0.6%,钾含量为2%~2.8%。胡萝卜素含量达到4.26mg/kg,维生素C含量达到52.3~52.8mg/kg,维生素E65mg/kg。串叶松香草的各种营养成分都具有重要的营养价值,加工产品适口性好,作为食品进行深入研究开发很有经济价值。 相似文献
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2014 年5—10 月,通过在海林农场玉米试验田设置沼液和沼渣及化肥配施的田间试验,从玉米试验田土壤的物理性状和化学性状的变化来研究沼肥配施对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:在土壤物理性状方面,配施沼肥能够降低土壤容重,但对土壤的总孔隙度、饱和含水量和田间持水量作用不明显,30000 kg/hm2沼液和30000 kg/hm2沼渣的配施模式对土壤物理性质的改善作用较大。配施沼肥能有效防止土壤酸化,同时土壤有机质含量可以提高21.02%~31.74%。单施沼液以及沼液与沼渣和化肥配施能够提高土壤中全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷的含量,但对于全钾和速效钾增幅很小或呈负增长。沼液单施以及沼液与沼渣和化肥配施,在一定程度上能够改善土壤的肥力,可以考虑合理的配施沼液来代替化肥,实现对沼液的高效资源化利用。 相似文献
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Philipp Drerup Holger Brueck Dejene Eticha Heinrich W. Scherer 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(1):1-12
Yield increases by fertilizer application impose higher crop water use, as biomass production is positively correlated with transpiration. To quantify effects of N fertilizer supply on evapotranspiration (ET) of winter wheat, a field experiment with three nitrogen rates (N0, N120 and N230) under non-water-limited conditions was performed during 2014 and 2015. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to derive crop coefficients which were used to calculate N effects on bare soil evaporation (E), transpiration, evapotranspiration (ET), grain yield and harvest index (HI). E during the early post-winter growth period was measured with micro-lysimeters and compared with model estimates. N fertilizer supply resulted in lower cumulative E, and increases in grain yield were higher than increases in ET, resulting in a higher agronomic water-use efficiency (WUEY). HI of treatment N120 was higher than that of treatment N230 indicating that HI was not the main reason of higher WUEY of treatment N230. It is concluded that estimates of ET under variable N supply require consideration of N-induced effects on canopy development which could be successfully monitored by NDVI measurements. N supply increases ET and WUEY potentially imposing a trade-off between water conservation and efficiency of water use for crop production. 相似文献
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Today, food security depends on very few major grain crops, actually an outcome of breeding success and globalization. This will not change in the near future. But action must be taken to stop the unprecedented pace of the erosion of biodiversity on arable fields; this is a prerequisite to ensure robust cropping systems as well as complementary food production for coming generations. Although this has been discussed for decades, little progress has been made. Most underutilized crops are no longer suitable for today’s agriculture. Success can be achieved only by planning long‐term breeding programmes instead of screening underutilized crops again and again. This cannot be realized, however, by market‐driven private breeders. State funding is mandatory to launch a programme of a set of well‐chosen crops. Guidelines are provided, based on case examples from cool temperate regions, where promising crops undergo stepwise selection process. In Europe, a programme could be established in the frame of a virtual institute, wisely investing a small part of the direct payments that go to farmers today, thereby safeguarding their future. 相似文献
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利用温室盆栽试验研究鸡粪沼肥(鸡粪沼渣、沼液)和牛粪沼肥(牛粪沼渣、沼液)对油菜、西芹累积总产量及氮素利用率的影响。试验设8个处理:不施肥(CK),鸡粪沼渣做底肥(JZ),鸡粪沼渣做底肥、沼液做追肥(JZ+JY),鸡粪沼液一半做底肥、一半做追肥(JY),牛粪沼渣做底肥(NZ),牛粪沼渣做底肥、沼液做追肥(NZ+NY),牛粪沼液一半做底肥、一半做追肥(NY),化肥一半做底肥、一半做追肥(HF),以上处理除空白外均按等氮量施用。试验结果表明,施用鸡粪沼肥比施用牛粪沼肥处理的油菜、西芹累积总产量高,JZ、JZ+JY、JY 3个处理累积总产量分别为71.4、74.0、78.6 g/盆,比NZ、NZ+NY、NY 3个处理分别高26.1%、14.0%、2.5%;在氮素利用率上,鸡粪沼肥也显著高于牛粪沼肥,其中JY处理最高,达到35.4%。这可能和牛粪沼肥比鸡粪沼肥养分释放缓慢,大部分留在土壤中未被利用有关系。 相似文献
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花生复合系统是促进低丘红壤区农业水分资源综合利用的重要耕作方式,其在不同时段水分动态、水分平衡和利用过程差异值得进一步探索。土壤表层采用15 bar的先进负压计监测,结合定位法于2001—2003年监测收集了花生生长季花生复合系统、花生单作田间土壤水分、地表径流、降雨资料,分析了花生复合系统对土壤水分动态、降雨影响和水分平衡各要素的影响。分析表明,土壤10 cm与 60 cm水分单作花生地与复合系统在雨季无明显差异,但受降雨过程影响。旱季单作花生10 cm水势降到最低值-344.0 kPa,复合系统水势最低值为-50.6 kPa,60 cm单作花生地水势数值也低于复合系统花生地,旱季复合系统能减少土壤表层的蒸发。3年土壤水分周期动态可分为3个阶段,即水分盈余期、水分消耗期、水分稳定期。花生复合系统旱季表现出较强的耗水作用,2001年7月贮水量减少108.8 mm,2002年8月贮水量减少111.7 mm,2003年7月贮水量减少105.5 mm。花生复合系统平均渗漏量低于花生单作62.2 mm,平均贮水量变化低于花生单作41.8 mm。桔树与花生作物在旱季水分利用方面没有明显的竞争作用,花生复合系统系统的表土水分保持作用和生态效应明显。 相似文献
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为探索沼肥在玉米上的应用效果,3个不同数量的沼肥处理与施用农家肥作对照(CK).结果施用沼肥的所有处理玉米长势优于对照,玉米施用沼肥增产效果明显,并得出施用沼肥的最佳用量为1500kg/667m2. 相似文献
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Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and genetic improvement of agricultural species 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Evidence is accumulating demonstrating the ubiquity and abundance of a new class of genetic markers, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). These markers should allow the genetic map of agricultural species to be saturated in the near future. This holds great promise for useful applications, including: protection of breeder's rights, and more effective means for the characterization and manipulation of individual genetic loci affecting traits of economic importance.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No 768-E, 1985 series. Supported by the U.S.-Israel Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD). 相似文献
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为了全面系统地研究土壤熟化这一相当复杂的过程,寻求适宜的熟化方式,为开发利用红壤丘陵区的各种荒地资源、为生产示范、领导决策提供科学依据,以长期定位试验为基本材料,研究了湘南3种典型红壤生土27年长期施肥对十字花科作物(油菜)产量的影响。结果表明:(1)3种母质以紫色土油菜产量(地上部干物重)为最高(紫色土以NPK处理为最高),四纪红土次之,花岗岩油菜产量为最低(2种母质油菜生长均不好,产量差不多)。(2)3种母质种植油菜(生物产量)均以NPK处理为最高。其次是有机物一稻草处理,CK(不施肥)最低。(3)3种母质种植油菜均表现为:归还处理好于带走处理;(4)据试验收产时(2009年3月25日)发现,四纪红土和花岗岩二种母质的NTK处理(尤其是NPK-T处理)的油菜除靠近水泥梗边行长有部分油菜外(占小区面积20%),小区中间(占小区面积80%)的油菜生长不正常或死亡,产量极低;3种母质共18个小区,只有花岗岩母质的NPK处理长有禾本科植物马唐草,其余16个小区很少或没有;四纪红土NPK处理油菜病害(尤其是小区的中间部分)严重。主要症状:叶片有褐色斑点,尤其以基部老叶严重。 相似文献
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为研究猪粪发酵沼液在保护地无土栽培番茄上施用对其果实品质的影响,本研究设置了3种不同稀释倍数(清沼比为1︰1、2︰1、3︰1)的沼液以混灌方式施用以及以沼液和清水轮流灌溉等4种处理,通过采集番茄果实,测试包括Vc、还原糖、粗蛋白、可溶性固形物、铜、锌、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐等多项品质指标,研究沼液灌溉对番茄果实品质的影响。结果表明,施用沼液可提高番茄果实Vc含量,但不能提高还原糖的含量,轮灌方式施用沼液可提高番茄果实的粗蛋白和可溶性固体含量,并且铜、锌、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐等的含量均未增高,以轮灌方式施用沼液可在食品安全的前提下有效地提高番茄果实的品质。 相似文献