不同神经类型德国牧羊犬鉴别训练初探

德国牧羊犬是世界各国警方常用的犬种,它以兴奋性高、嗅觉灵敏、工作欲望强、警用特点显著而活跃在警务活动的各个领域,尤其是在气味鉴别这一领域.本文通过对兴奋型、活泼型、安静型等神经类型德国牧羊犬的鉴别训练情况进行比较分析,进而找到最适合鉴别训练神经类型的德国牧羊犬,以缩短鉴别训练周期,提高工作效率.     

德国牧羊犬识别烟草气味能力的研究

本文根据现有条件选择5头12~24月龄的德国牧羊犬进行识别烟草气味能力的研究。通过对散包装烟丝的气味识别能力、散包装烟卷的气味识别能力、刺孔后的盒式包装烟草的气味识别能力、盒式包装烟草的气味识别能力、条式包装烟草的气味识别能力和件式包装烟草的气味识别能力6个阶段的试验研究,结果表明:德国牧羊犬对烟草气味识别能力较好,效果比较明显。     

嗅源气味采集介质吸附和释放气味能力的比较研究

正随着警犬技术的发展,人体气味成为了继指纹、DNA后案件侦破的重要物证,警犬技术工作人员通过气味采集介质提取犯罪现场的气味,用于案件侦破过程中个体气味的警犬鉴别。目前,在警犬技术工作中,主要利用警犬对人体气味进行个体识别,以及采用科学仪器对人体气味进行定性和定量分析,未来两者的相互印证是人体气味证据走上法庭的关键技术。气味采集介质吸附的人体气味无论用作嗅源供警犬进行鉴别,还是用于进行仪器分析,都要求气味越浓越好,研究表明,嗅源气味量对警犬的     

警犬鉴别中低温保存人体气味样本升温规律研究

经过特殊训练的警犬利用其灵敏的嗅觉,能够轻易地辨别出复杂环境中犯罪嫌疑人的气味,能够快速准确地对嗅源气味与犯罪嫌疑人的气味进行同一认定。而在鉴别认定过程中,嗅源气味的有效性是决定气味鉴别结果准确性的关键因素。犯罪现场提取的嗅源到完成警犬气味鉴别作业的全过程,一般都需要经过提取、运输、保存和使用4个阶段,其中保存阶段要确保提取后的嗅源气味在使用前不发生质的改变。     

警犬对醋酸酐气味的嗅觉能力研究

警犬嗅觉灵敏，其追踪、鉴别、搜毒、搜爆、搜尸、救灾等作业都是靠非常灵敏的嗅觉来完成的。但犬的嗅觉能力究竟能达到什么水平？个体间有无差异？用单一物质气味浓度的定量指标来表示能达到多少ppm(百万分之一)？警犬训练中我们所说的大气味、中气味、小气味，其气味浓度究竟是多少？警犬(或犬)与人的嗅觉相差多少？都不得而知。本文首先通过警犬训练建立起来的行为学方法，对不同品种警犬的嗅觉进行比较研究，试验以拉布拉多犬和德国牧羊犬两个品种犬对醋酸酐的单一气味进行了定量研究。     

警犬足迹土鉴别的实验研究

警犬鉴别是指从若干种气味中嗅辨出有无与嗅源气味相同，并做出反应的一个复杂过程。而当犬的鉴别能力达到一定程度后，鉴别准确率是衡量警犬鉴别训练效果的重要依据。由于鉴别的准确性受诸多条件的影响，因此为警犬作业建立一个良好的气味鉴别环境，选择一个更有利于警犬分化抑制的鉴别条件，是提高鉴别准确率的重要方法之一。在此，笔者对现场使用较为普遍的“足迹土”鉴别，相对鉴别手部气味还是脚部气味哪一个更为准确，运用实验的方法并通过相关数据分析提出了一些见解和观点。     

警犬鉴别“手部1分钟气味”的合理性与科学性研究

在警犬气味鉴别训练中，通常把手部触摸（静握）纱布1分钟的气味作为鉴别犬训练的基础气味量，可以用做已知嗅源来鉴定未知被鉴物气味，也可以用未知嗅源鉴定已知的1分钟所求物气味。尽管长期以来在我国警犬训练中，手部触摸纱布1分钟的气味（简称：手部1分钟气味）是约定俗成的一个标准气味量，并且写进全国警犬鉴别训练考核指标中。我所警犬气味物证实验室多年来也以此标准进行训l练和考核。     

警犬气味鉴别程序的科学建构

警犬气味鉴别客观存在的一些缺陷,以我们目前的能力去解决还需要时间;但是我们不能因为它存在缺陷就否定它、限制它,相反我们应以现在的能力去完善操作,不去改变那些我们无法改变的,而去改变那些我们能够改变的。与警犬     

警犬气味鉴别技术在交通肇事案件中的应用

十年来，唐山市公安局将警犬气味鉴别技术成功应用于交通肇事案件侦破和处理的准确率达到了l00％，实现了当事人、保险公司、交通事故处理部门和人民法院“四满意”，上访率为零，为国家挽回经济损失200余万元。更重要的是，使长期以来警犬鉴别法律地位尚未明确的现象被打破，警犬鉴别作为诉讼证据被法庭采用，为警犬鉴别工作闯出了一片新天地。     

不同家禽卵黄对德国牧羊犬精液冷冻的影响

为了探索不同家禽卵黄在德国牧羊犬精液冷冻中的应用效果,分别在精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同家禽(鸽、鸡、鸭、鹅和鹌鹑)和不同浓度(10%、15%、20%、25%和30%)的卵黄,并分别对冷冻前和解冻后的精子活率、顶体完整率和畸形率进行比较分析。结果:在德国牧羊犬精液冷冻稀释液中加入相同浓度的5种不同家禽卵黄,家鸽组冻后活率、顶体完整率和畸形率分别为(52.0±2.1)%、(54.3±3.7)%和(27.7±1.8)%,对德国牧羊犬精液冷冻有最佳的保护效果,其最佳浓度为20%。因此,鸽卵黄可替代鸡卵黄,作为冷冻稀释液的组成成分,用于德国牧羊犬的精液冷冻。     

警犬鉴别"手部1分钟气味"的合理性与科学性研究

在警犬气味鉴别训练中,通常把手部触摸(静握)纱布1分钟的气味作为鉴别犬训练的基础气味量,可以用做已知嗅源来鉴定未知被鉴物气味,也可以用未知嗅源鉴定已知的1分钟所求物气味.尽管长期以来在我国警犬训练中,手部触摸纱布1分钟的气味(简称:手部1分钟气味)是约定俗成的一个标准气味量,并且写进全国警犬鉴别训练考核指标中.     

Novel betapapillomavirus associated with hand and foot papillomas in a cynomolgus macaque

Betapapillomavirus is a genus of papillomaviruses (PVs) commonly found in human skin and associated with both benign and malignant skin lesions. Only 2 previous beta-PVs have been fully characterized in nonhuman species. This report describes a novel beta-PV, named Macaca fascicularis PV type 2 (MfPV2), isolated from exophytic skin papillomas on the hands and feet of a 2-year-old male cynomolgus monkey (M. fascicularis). On histology the papillomas were composed of diffusely thickened epidermis with superficial foci of cytomegaly, cytoplasmic pallor, marginalized chromatin, and rare eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Positive immunostaining for p16 and the proliferation marker Ki67 was present multifocally within affected epidermis, most prominently within basal-type cells. Complete sequence identity (100%) was noted between PV genomes fully sequenced from hand and foot lesions. The MfPV2 genome was 7632 base pairs in length and included putative open reading frames (ORFs) for E1, E2, E4, E6, E7, L1, and L2 genes, similar to other PVs. The closest relatives to MfPV2 based on the L1 ORF sequence were all beta-PVs. These included human PV (HPV) 9, HPV115, HPV76, HPV75, and MfPV1 (60-70% pairwise identity for all), the latter of which was also isolated from hand and foot papillomas in a cynomolgus macaque. Phylogenetic analysis placed MfPV2 in a new species group (beta-6), distinct from HPVs (beta-1 to beta-5) and MfPV1 (beta-1). These findings characterize a new nonhuman beta-PV and provide additional support for the idea that tissue tropism among ancestral primate PVs developed prior to divergence of certain Old World primate lineages.     

Use of thermal imaging for identification of foot lesions in dairy cattle

The objective of this study was to investigate the use of infrared thermography (IRT) for detection of foot lesions in dairy cattle. Thermal images of the rear feet of 139 lactating dairy cows were taken with a thermal camera and evaluated using imaging software. Foot lesions identified in the study included white line disease (WLD), sole ulcer (SU) and digital dermatitis (DD). Temperatures at the coronary band (CBT) and the skin (ST) were recorded. Cows were scored for locomotion on a scale of 1–5 (1?=?normal and 5?=?severely lame). CBT was higher for all types of foot lesion (34.1?±?2.3, 33.8?±?1.6 and 33.1?±?1.6°C for WLD, SU and DD, respectively) than for healthy (32.6?±?1.9°C) feet. ST was higher only for WLD (33.2?±?2.0°C) compared to healthy feet (31.5?±?1.7°C). ΔT (temperature difference between CBT and ST) was higher for SU (2.1?±?0.8°C) than healthy feet (1.1?±?0.9°C). Locomotion scores (LSs) were similar between healthy cows (2.2?±?0.7) and DD (2.4?±?0.7) but greater for SU and WLD cows (3.0?±?0.9, 3.0?±?0.8) than healthy cows. The threshold values established for CBT and ST were 33.5°C (sensitivity?=?77.8%, specificity?=?65.2%) and 33.7°C (sensitivity?=?44.4%, specificity?=?92.9%) for SU, and 34.4^oC (sensitivity?=?28.1%, specificity?=?88.6%) and 31.8°C (sensitivity?=?60.7%, specificity?=?55.4%) for overall lesion, respectively. These results indicate that IRT can be a useful tool for detection of SU, but not WLD and DD. In addition, CBT and ΔT were the best indicators for the detection of foot lesions.     

Isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria from ovine foot rot in Spain

A microbiological study was made of 125 Merino sheep showing clinical signs of foot rot. A total of 435 strictly anaerobic strains were isolated, belonging to the following genera: Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, Tissierella, Fusobacterium, Megasphaera, Eubacterium, Acidaminococcus, Clostridium, Peptococcus and Propionibacterium. Of the 35 species obtained, the following were found in more than 10 per cent of animals sampled: Bacteroides nodosus, B putredinis, B buccae, B ruminicola subspecies brevis, Tissierella praeacuta, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Megasphaera elsdenii. Six culture media were used for isolation. Agar brucella and agar brucella enriched with G-N anaerobe supplement proved to be the most efficient for isolating anaerobic bacteria.     

德国牧羊犬超数排卵技术的探索与研究

为了研究超数排卵技术在德国牧羊犬上的应用效果,试验以南方某警犬基地犬龄为4岁左右经产的德国牧羊犬为供体,采用卵泡刺激素-促黄体生成素(FSH-LH)法对19头德国牧羊犬实施超数排卵。试验分为2组,a组共4头犬分为试验组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组),每组2头,通过手术取卵研究超数排卵效果;b组共15头,按激素施用剂量分为3组(Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组),每组5头,观察并统计每头犬的产仔数变化情况。结果表明:90%的德国牧羊犬有较明显的超数排卵反应。FSH用量为140 IU时,平均采卵数增加了91.7%,产仔数增加了83.3%;FSH用量为120 IU时,产仔数增加了10.5%;FSH用量为160 IU时,产仔数增加了22.2%。说明FSH剂量为140 IU时可获得最好的超数排卵效果。     

应用气味鉴别平台进行警犬鉴别训练的方法研究

<正>2006年8月,公安部警犬技术学校开展了"警犬气味鉴别设备及鉴定系统标准化研究",该课题被列为公安部应用创新计划项目。经过两年多     

内蒙古地区牛羊口蹄疫灭活疫苗的免疫效果比较研究

为准确掌握牛羊口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果,2012年对内蒙古自治区的牛羊口蹄疫O—AsiaI型双价灭活疫苗和牛羊口蹄疫A型灭活疫苗免疫效果进行了监测。采用液相阻断ELISA方法。共检测了8个旗县23018份免疫牛羊口蹄疫O—AsiaI型双价灭活疫苗和牛羊口蹄疫A型灭活疫苗15日、30日、60日的血清中口蹄疫免疫抗体水平。结果显示,牛羊口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果总体良好,免疫抗体合格率超过了70％。规模化奶牛养殖场免疫效果稳定,散养地区免疫效果稳定性差,且不同厂家的疫苗免疫效果不同,加强免疫后A、B、D三个厂家抗体合格率能达到100％,C厂家的免疫效果较差,抗体合格率为93-3％。采用3ABC—ELISA检测试剂盒对部分地区牛羊进行感染抗体检测,结果为阴性。     

The mechanisms and consequences of structural failure of the foot.

Many of the difficulties in managing the horse with chronic laminitis are associated with the foot's mechanical failure. The occurrence of digital collapse cannot be viewed in isolation as the primary therapeutic focus. The circulatory, metabolic, and growth pattern changes induced by the foot's mechanical collapse often serve as major limiting factors to successful rehabilitation. From the discussion above, it is obvious that a significant amount of research is needed to better understand the biomechanical pathologies of the failed foot.