Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium tumefacience with an endochitinase gene from Trichoderma, and enhanced resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important pathogen to many crops and is especially damaging to rape in China. As a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Col0) was transformed by spraying Agrobacterium tumefacience with Trichoderma endochitinase gene ThEn-42 at initial bud stage. Eleven seedlings (corresponding to about 0.22 percent transformation) exhibited resistance to hygromycin. The DNA fragment unique to endochitinase (ThEn-42) was amplified by Arabidopsis leaf-PCR or genomic DN…     

~(32)P的吸收、转运与甘蓝型油菜抗菌核病性的关系

用32P示踪法研究了不同抗性油菜品种3叶期及盛花期感染菌核病后磷素吸收与转运的变化。研究结果表明:磷素向着生长旺盛部位转运;接种后植株磷素吸收增强而且磷素向着接种叶富集,感病品种甚于抗病品种;经相关性分析,第2位叶(接种叶)、第3位叶磷素放射性活度提高幅度显著且与抗性成显著或极显著负相关。这说明磷素的吸收、转运与抗性有密切的关系。在盛花期,花果中磷素放射性活度呈上升趋势,宁RS-1和宁油7号叶中的磷素放射性活度都先上升后下降,但前者上升的幅度较大,而且后期下降缓慢;宁油7号茎中的磷素放射性活度呈稳定下降趋势,而宁RS-1表现为先上升后又下降。这说明抗病材料有较强的生理活性来抵抗病害。     

大豆菌核病田间快速接种鉴定方法研究

【目的】在大田环境下建立快速有效的大豆菌核病田间接种鉴定方法,为大豆抗菌核病育种服务。【方法】采用收集不同地区和寄主来源的菌核病分离物,经PDA培养基再生培养,再接种麦粒形成麦粒接种体,利用微创结合锡箔纸捆绑麦粒接种体的方法建立大豆菌核病田间接种鉴定方法。【结果】不同大豆种质间的病情指数和病斑长度存在显著差异,不同分离物间的病情指数和病斑长度也存在显著差异,而重复间的病情指数和病斑长度差异不显著,病斑长度与病情指数呈极显著正相关(r=0.8301,P0.0001)。【结论】该大豆菌核病田间接种鉴定方法能够有效地对大豆菌核病分离物的致病性和大豆植株抗性进行鉴定和筛选,可用于大豆抗菌核病育种。     

Identification of novel genes associated with duck OASL in response to influenza A virus

2′-5′-Oligoadenylate synthetase like protein(OASL) plays a key role in response to viral infections through selectively activating the OAS/RNase L or OASL/RIG-I signaling pathway. Although classic pathway of OASL is well-known, its regulated genes or co-actors are largely unknown. To study the possible molecular mechanism of duck OASL(dOASL), we performed RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq) and immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry(IP-MS) at the level of mRNA and protein, respectively. For RNA-seq, we used DF1 cell lines(DF1 dO ASL+/+, DF1 cO ASL–/–, and DF1) with or without the CK/0513 H5 N1 virus(A/chicken/huabei/0513/2007) infection. 1 737 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified as candidate target genes regulated by dOASL. Gene Ontology(GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis(WGCNA) were performed. We identified one important yellow co-expression module correlated with antiviral immune response. In this module, Ankyrin repeat and FYVE domain containing 1(ANKFY1), harboring a BTB domain similar to the methyl CpG-binding protein 1(MBD1) which bound to OASL in human, was regulated by dOASL. At protein level, 133 host proteins were detected. Interestingly, ANKFY1 was one of them binding to dOASL protein. Further phylogenomic and chromosomal syntenic analysis demonstrated MBD1 was absent in birds, while mammals retained. It is suggested that OASL-ANKFY1 interaction might act as a compensatory mechanism to regulate gene expression in birds. Our findings will provide a useful resource for the molecular mechanism research of dOASL.     

黄壤旱地玉米氮、磷、钾化肥与绿肥的肥料效应

１９９８年至１９９９年,在贵州普定县的黄壤旱地上以玉米为批示作物设置试验,探讨氮、磷、钾与绿肥的肥料效应。初步探明了现行施肥习惯下氮、磷、钾化肥的养分回收状况,明确提出了黔中黄壤旱地玉米的最佳经济效益与最高产量施氮量（Ｎ）分别是１３９．４ｋｇ／ｈａ与１４９．５ｋｇ／ｈａ,施用有机肥并集中穴施磷肥可提高磷肥有效利用率,施用绿肥鲜草７５００ｋｇ／ｈａ可增产玉米６７０ｋｇ／ｈａ。此外,还分析了绿肥、氮、     

中间球海胆smad2/3基因克隆、组织表达及其脂多糖刺激响应

为明确中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius smad2/3基因(命名为Si-smad2/3)信息,初步研究了该基因的序列特征、组织表达模式及脂多糖对其表达的影响,采用RACE技术克隆获得了成体中间球海胆Si-smad2/3基因的全长cDNA序列。结果表明:Si-smad2/3基因的cDNA全长为2146 bp,共编码446个氨基酸;生物信息学分析发现,Si-smad2/3基因所编码的蛋白相对分子质量为50 300,等电点为6.93,属于亲水性非跨膜蛋白;通过与9种已公布物种的smad2/3蛋白氨基酸序列进行多重序列比对和系统进化分析发现,中间球海胆Si-smad2/3蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他真核生物smad2/3蛋白序列具有较高的相似性,与紫球海胆Strongylocentrotus purpuratus smad2/3蛋白的一致性高达96%,符合中间球海胆的分类和进化地位;实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测结果显示,Si-smad2/3基因在中间球海胆不同组织中均有表达,其相对表达量从高到低为体腔细胞>管足>性腺>围口膜>肠>齿间肌;利用脂多糖(LPS,0.1 mg/mL)对中间球海胆进行免疫刺激发现,与对照组相比,LPS刺激后Si-smad2/3基因在中间球海胆体腔细胞、管足和围口膜中均呈先升高后降低的表达趋势,其中,Si-smad2/3基因在中间球海胆体腔细胞中的相对表达量在LPS刺激9 h时达到峰值,管足中表达量在LPS刺激6 h时达到峰值,而围口膜中的表达量在LPS刺激72 h时达到峰值。研究表明,Si-smad2/3可能参与中间球海胆的免疫应答过程且免疫响应具有组织特异性。     

中间球海胆smad2/3基因克隆、组织表达及其脂多糖刺激响应

为明确中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius smad2/3基因(命名为Si-smad2/3)信息,初步研究了该基因的序列特征、组织表达模式及脂多糖对其表达的影响,采用RACE技术克隆获得了成体中间球海胆Si-smad2/3基因的全长cDNA序列。结果表明:Si-smad2/3基因的cDNA全长为2146 bp,共编码446个氨基酸;生物信息学分析发现,Si-smad2/3基因所编码的蛋白相对分子质量为50 300,等电点为6.93,属于亲水性非跨膜蛋白;通过与9种已公布物种的smad2/3蛋白氨基酸序列进行多重序列比对和系统进化分析发现,中间球海胆Si-smad2/3蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他真核生物smad2/3蛋白序列具有较高的相似性,与紫球海胆Strongylocentrotus purpuratus smad2/3蛋白的一致性高达96%,符合中间球海胆的分类和进化地位;实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测结果显示,Si-smad2/3基因在中间球海胆不同组织中均有表达,其相对表达量从高到低为体腔细胞>管足>性腺>围口膜>肠>齿间肌;利用脂多糖(LPS,0.1 mg/mL)对中间球海胆进行免疫刺激发现,与对照组相比,LPS刺激后Si-smad2/3基因在中间球海胆体腔细胞、管足和围口膜中均呈先升高后降低的表达趋势,其中,Si-smad2/3基因在中间球海胆体腔细胞中的相对表达量在LPS刺激9 h时达到峰值,管足中表达量在LPS刺激6 h时达到峰值,而围口膜中的表达量在LPS刺激72 h时达到峰值。研究表明,Si-smad2/3可能参与中间球海胆的免疫应答过程且免疫响应具有组织特异性。     

Asia I口蹄疫病毒组合基因P1-2A3C在不同家蚕品种中的表达

[目的]研究Asia I口蹄疫病毒组合基因P1-2A3C在不同家蚕品种中的表达,以期筛选出较适合表达该组合基因的家蚕品种。[方法]将已经获得高效表达的重组家蚕杆状病毒rBmNPV（P1-2A3C）基因,分别注射原种及杂交家蚕蚕蛹。利用ELISA方法对其进行抗原表达量检测,并对表达结果进行差异比较。[结果]不同家蚕品种对rBmNPV（P1-2A3C）的表达存在着明显差异;秋丰×TQ78和秋丰×丝胶茧杂交组合可考虑作为高效表达的家蚕生物反应器专用品种。[结论]为AsiaΙFMDV目的蛋白的高效表达专用品种的选育提供了依据。     

Asia I口蹄疫病毒组合基因P1-2A3C在不同家蚕品种中的表达(英文)

[目的]研究AsiaI口蹄疫病毒组合基因P1-2A3C在不同家蚕品种中的表达,以期筛选出较适合表达该组合基因的家蚕品种。[方法]将已经获得高效表达的重组家蚕杆状病毒rBmNPV(P1-2A3C)基因,分别注射原种及杂交家蚕蚕蛹。利用ELISA方法对其进行抗原表达量检测,并对表达结果进行差异比较。[结果]不同家蚕品种对rBmNPV(P1-2A3C)的表达存在着明显差异;秋丰×TQ78和秋丰×丝胶茧杂交组合可考虑作为高效表达的家蚕生物反应器专用品种。[结论]为AsiaIFMDV目的蛋白的高效表达专用品种的选育提供了依据。     

模拟氮沉降条件下木荷幼苗光合特性、生物量与C、N、P分配格局

设置模拟氮沉降的控制试验,以NH4NO3作为外加氮源,设计CK(0kg N hm-2·a-1)、LN(50 kg N hm-2·a-1)、MN(100 kg N hm-2·a-1)、HN(150 kg N hm-2· a-1)4个处理,历时9个月,测定木荷(Schima superba)幼苗的光合特性、生物量和C、N、P含量及其分配格局对氮沉降的响应.结果表明:(1)木荷幼苗的最大净光合速率和光饱和点随着氮处理水平增加呈先增加后减小的特点,在中氮处理下极显著增加(P＜0.01).氮处理降低了幼苗的光补偿点和暗呼吸速率,光补偿点在低氮处理下显著降低(P＜0.05),暗呼吸速率在低中氮处理下极显著降低(P＜0.01),高氮处理下显著降低(P＜0.05).未见氮处理对表观量子效率产生显著影响.(2)氮处理促进了木荷的全株生物量以及各部分生物量的增长.随着氮处理水平的增加,叶重比呈升高的趋势,而根重比和根冠比呈降低的趋势,在高氮处理下叶重比的增加和根重比、根冠比的降低都达到了显著水平(P＜0.05).(3)氮沉降促进各器官N含量的增加,在高氮处理下根和茎中N含量极显著增加(P＜0.01),叶中N含量显著增加(P＜0.05).而各器官C含量随着氮沉降程度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在中氮处理下根和茎中C含量极显著增加(P＜0.01),叶中C含量显著增加(P＜0.05).但各器官P含量变化趋势各不相同,随着氮的增加,根中P含量是呈先增加后降低的趋势,而茎和叶中P含量是呈降低的趋势.氮沉降一定程度上降低了木荷各器官的C/N比值而增加了N/P比值.     

A 115-kD polypeptide immunologically related to erythrocyte band 3 is present in Golgi membranes

Band 3 multigene family consists of several distinct but structurally related polypeptides which are probably involved in the transport of anions across the plasma membrane of both erythrocytes and nonerythroid cells. A novel member of this family of polypeptides that resides in the Golgi complex was identified with antibodies to Band 3. The Golgi antigen had a larger molecular size and was antigenically distinct from Band 3 in the amino-terminal domain. It was expressed most prominently in cells that secrete large amounts of sulfated proteins and proteoglycans. This polypeptide may participate in sulfate transport across Golgi membranes.     

qSTA2-2, a novel QTL that contributes to seed starch synthesis in Zea mays L.

<正>Theseedstoragematerialsaccumulateduringseeddevelopment,andareessentialforseedgerminationand seedlingestablishment.Hereweemployedtwobi-parentalpopulationsofanF2:3populationdevelopedfroma crossofimproved220(I220,smallseedswithlowstarch)andPH4CV(largeseedswithhighstarch),aswellas recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) of X178 (high starch) and its improved introgression line I178 (low starch), to identify the genes that control seed storage materials.We identified a total of 12 QTLs for starch, p...     

Overexpression of GmBIN2, a soybean glycogen synthase kinase 3 gene,enhances tolerance to salt and drought in transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a kind of serine/threonine kinase widely found in eukaryotes. Many plant GSK3 kinases play important roles in regulating stress responses. This study investigated BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (GmBIN2) gene, a member of the GSK3 protein kinase family in soybean and an orthologue of Arabidopsis BIN2/AtSK21. GmBIN2 expression was increased by salt and drought stresses, but was not significantly affected by the ABA treatment. To examine the function of GmBIN2, transgenic Arabidopsis and transgenic soybean hairy roots were generated. Overexpression of GmBIN2 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased germination rate and root length compared with wild-type plants under salt and mannitol treatments. Overexpression of GmBIN2 increased cellular Ca²⁺ content and reduced Na+ content, enhancing salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In the soybean hairy root assay, overexpression of GmBIN2 in transgenic roots also showed significantly higher relative root growth rate than the control when subjected to salt and mannitol treatments. Measurement of physiological indicators, including proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and relative electrical conductivity, supported this conclusion. Furthermore, we also found that GmBIN2 could up-regulate the expression of some stress-related genes in transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots. Overall, these results indicated that GmBIN2 improved tolerance to salt and drought in transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots.     

A cytoplasmically transmitted, diet-dependent difference in response to the teratogenic effects of 6-aminonicotinamide

The frequency of congenital cleft palate produced by maternal treatment with 6-aminonicotinamide during pregnancy is lower in the C57BL/6J than in the A/J inbred mouse strain. In the C57BL/6J strain the frequency is lower when the mothers are maintained on Purina Lab Chow than when they are on Breeder Chow. A/J females do not show this effect of diet. There is a matroclinous reciprocal cross difference in frequency of induced cleft palate which persists in the back-cross when the F(1) mothers are maintained on Lab Chow but not on Breeder Chow.     

A novel aldo-keto reductase gene, IbAKR, from sweet potato confers higher tolerance to cadmium stress in tobacco

High concentrations of Cd can inhibit growth and reduce the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants. In several plant species, aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) have been shown to enhance tolerance to various abiotic stresses by scavenging cytotoxic aldehydes; however, few AKRs have been reported to enhance Cd stress tolerance. In this study, the gene IbAKR was isolated from sweet potato. The relative expression levels of IbAKR increased significantly (approximately 3-fold) after exposure to 200 mmol·L⁻¹ CdCl₂ or 10 mmol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂. A subcellular localization assay showed that IbAKR is predominantly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. IbAKR-overexpressing tobacco plants showed higher tolerance to Cd stress than wild-type (WT). Transgenic lines showed a significant ability to scavenge malondialdehyde (MDA) and methylglyoxal (MG). In addition, proline content and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly higher and H₂O₂ levels were significantly lower in the transgenic plants than in the WT. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes encoding guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants compared to WT under Cd stress. These findings suggest that overexpressing IbAKR enhances tolerance to Cd stress via the scavenging of cytotoxic aldehydes and the activation of the ROS scavenging system.     

Inlfuence of FSH Treatment on Expression of CDC25A,TSSK3 and P53in Vitro Cultured Sertoli Cells of Calf

CDC25A, TSSK3 and P53 expressionsin vitro in cultured sertoli cells after FSH treatment were studied in order to provide some data for further researches of spermatogenesis. Different concentrations of...     

Influence of FSH Treatment on Expression of CDC25A,TSSK3 and P53 in Vitro Cultured Sertoli Cells of Calf

CDC25A, TSSK3 and P53 expressions in vitro in cultured sertoli cells after FSH treatment were studied in order to provide some data for further researches of spermatogenesis. Different concentrations of FSH(0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 IU ? m L-1) were used to treat sertoli cells cultured in vitro. The expression of CDC25 A, TSSK3 and P53 was determined by real-time-PCR at 6 h,12 h and 24 h after FSH treatment of sertoli cells. The results showed that FSH had no significant effect on expression of CDC25A(p0.05), could significantly improve the expression of TSSK3 and P53(p0.05), and had no significant effect on expression of CDC25 A in sertoli cells, but it could significantly improve the expression of TSSK3. CDC25 A was likely to play a role in other signaling pathways in sertoli cells. Within the range of certain concentration of FSH, TSSK3 in sertoli cells had the highest expression at about 24 h. TSSK3 protein produced in sertoli cells was likely to play an important role in substrate-level phosphorylationbe in meiosis and mitosis of spermatogenic cells. FSH could promote P53 expression and the highest expression was at about 12 h, and P53 might control the division of spermatogenic cells as well as sertoli cells.     

内蒙古荒漠草原植被NPP时空变化及气候因子分析：以四子王旗为例

基于遥感数据和气象数据,利用光能利用率模型(CASA),对典型荒漠草原四子王旗1987—2016年植被NPP进行测算,分析NPP时空变化及其与年均气温和年降水量等气候因子的相关性。结果表明:1)1987—2016年四子王旗植被NPP值为144.52g/(m2·年)(C),植被类型地带性分布差异明显,空间上表现出南高北低的分布特征;2)1987—2016年四子王旗植被NPP总体呈现出增长趋势,年际波动为3.09～3.69Tg(C);3)研究区植被NPP与年均气温和年降水量呈显著正相关关系,且与年降水量相关系数更高,表明年降水量是影响荒漠草原区植被NPP的主要气候因子。通过研究荒漠草地植被NPP时空分布及其与气候因子的关系,有助于认识荒漠草原陆地生态系统对气候变化的响应。