幼果期喷施噻苯隆和赤霉素对杧果果实产量和品质的影响

以海南"贵妃"杧为材料,探究了幼果期喷施噻苯隆(TDZ)和赤霉素(GA_3)对产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明,幼果期喷施TDZ可显著增加产量和单果质量,但果实品质略有下降;其中TDZ 20 mg/L+GA_3 10 mg/L处理会降低"贵妃"杧可溶性固形物含量和香气成分,但对果实颜色、总酸和维生素C含量影响不大,处理果实耐贮性增加,能够正常转色,香甜多汁,口感与对照(清水)差别不大。     

采前喷施赤霉素(GA_3)对杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮藏特性的影响

【目的】探明‘贵妃’杧果生长期喷施GA_3对果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响,以期为GA_3在杧果生产中的规范与合理使用提供科学的理论依据。【方法】选用‘贵妃’杧果为试材,用不同质量浓度(50、100、250 mg·L~(-1))的GA_3于盛花期后15、25、35 d各喷1次,测定‘贵妃’杧果的产量、坐果量、单果质量、果皮色素(叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色苷)、果实色泽参数(L、a、b值)、可溶性固形物含量、果实硬度、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量和采后病害发生等指标。【结果】采前喷施GA_3能够增加‘贵妃’杧果的产量和坐果量,促进果实膨大,增加果形指数,但果实的硬度和可溶性固形物含量下降,可滴定酸含量上升,果实品质下降,采后病害发病率上升。较高质量浓度下(250 mg·L~(-1))GA_3增产不显著,但果实品质明显降低,并诱导果实出现采后滞绿现象。【结论】海南‘贵妃’杧果采前喷施GA_3,较低质量浓度(50~100 mg·L~(-1))可以增产,促进坐果和果实膨大,果实食用品质小幅下降。较高质量浓度(250 mg·L~(-1))增产不明显,果实品质下降幅度大,可诱导果实出现采后滞绿现象。因此,海南‘贵妃’杧果采前喷施GA_3质量浓度以50 mg·L~(-1)为宜,可以增加产量、拉长果实、提高果实色泽,对果实品质影响较小,不会诱导果实采后滞绿。     

噻苯隆对莴笋产量、品质的影响及药害症状初步研究

在一定范围内,使用高浓度噻苯隆,会直接导致莴笋的功能叶、幼叶受害,同时会因为代谢导致新生叶片受害。在摘除死亡叶片后,正常管理下,莴笋植株可恢复生长,最终成熟;使用高浓度（〉0．10％）噻苯隆,会使成熟莴笋植株的株高、茎粗、叶片质量、叶中脉质量、叶片长宽比、根部质量、产量下降,而叶面积指数、品质提高;使用低浓度（0．05％）噻苯隆,可提高莴笋植株的叶片质量、叶中脉质量、茎部质量、株高、茎粗、产量。     

不同除袋期对台农1号杧果果实品质的影响

研究不同除袋期对台农1号杧果果实外观、果皮色素、果皮色泽和内在品质的影响。结果表明,随着除袋期的推迟,果面光洁度提高;完熟时不同处理果实果皮色素、叶绿素和花青苷含量无显著差异,早除袋处理的类胡萝卜素含量高于未除袋处理,晚除袋和未除袋处理的类黄酮含量显著高于早除袋处理。完熟时果皮色泽、亮度和色彩浓度以早除袋处理略高于晚除袋处理,不同处理的色度角差异不显著。不同处理果实的内在品质均较佳,可溶性固形物含量均超过18%,以采前10天除袋的果实品质最佳。     

不同套袋材料对红杧6号杧果果实品质的影响

研究了不同套袋材料对红杧6号杧果果实外观、果皮色素、果皮色泽及果实内在品质的影响。结果表明,采用白色单层袋套果后,青熟和完熟时,白色单层纸袋处理的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素质量分数较低,花青苷和类黄酮质量分数均较高,果皮亮度、色彩浓度和色度角均较高或最高,使果皮在青熟时呈紫红色,完熟时呈桃红色。白色单层袋套果后,果实的内在品质如维生素C、可溶性固形物、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖质量分数最高,内在品质最佳。外黄内黑复合纸袋果皮叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青苷、类黄酮质量分数均较低,果皮亮度、色彩浓度均最高,色度角最低,使果皮在青熟时呈浅黄色,完熟时呈橙黄色,但果实内在品质比白色单层袋差。因此,建议红杧6号杧果用白色单层纸袋进行套袋。     

草酸处理对杧果贮藏效果的影响

 　杧果(Mangifera indica L. ) 栽培种‘红　6号’果实经采后草酸、采前草酸+采后草酸和采前钙+采后草酸处理后, 在常温(25℃) 和低温(14℃) 下贮藏, 结果发现3种处理有效缓解了果实硬度系数下降, 控制了果实病情发展, 对果实完全后熟时的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量没有产生明显的影响,草酸处理是　果采后贮藏保鲜可选择的方法。     

杧果生长期喷施水杨酸处理对果实采后品质和病害的影响

据《园艺学报》2008年第3期报道西南大学食品科学学院和中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院的研究人员,研究杧果生长期SA处理对果实采后品质和病害的影响,为杧果贮藏保鲜提供新的思路。     

杧果生长期喷施水杨酸处理对果实采后品质和病害的影响

据《园艺学报》2008年第3期报道 西南大学食品科学学院和中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院的研究人员,研究了杧果生长期SA（水杨酸）处理对果实采后品质和病害的影响,为杧果贮藏保鲜提供新的思路。     

杧果生长期喷施水杨酸处理对果实采后品质和病害的影响

 在杧果（Mangifera indica L. 'Zihua'）生长期分别用1和0.1 mmol·L-1水杨酸（清水为对照）进行3次喷施处理,果实采收后于13℃,85%~95% RH的环境下进行贮藏,并定期取样进行观察测定。结果表明,0.1mmol·L-1水杨酸处理能延缓杧果果实衰老,显著抑制果实病斑扩展,有效降低果实的接种发病率;而1mmol·L-1水杨酸的作用却相反。     

‘凯特’杧果栽培中果实套袋对其采后品质及贮藏性的影响

 以‘凯特’杧果为材料,研究了栽培中果实套袋至采果时、采前除袋和除袋后喷钙3种处理对采后果皮着色、果实品质和耐贮性的影响。结果表明：3种处理的果实采后果皮的花青苷和类黄酮含量显著降低,总酚含量在青熟时显著低于对照,但完熟后显著高于对照;3种处理不仅加速果皮由绿色向黄色转变,显著提高果皮和果肉的钙含量,而且显著降低果实采后软化速率并抑制果实病情发展,其中除袋后喷钙处理效果最佳;3种处理果实在青熟时果肉淀粉含量显著高于对照,而蔗糖和维生素C含量显著低于对照,但完熟后果实蔗糖、还原性糖、可滴定酸和维生素C含量与对照没有显著差异。3种处理均有利于改善果实的外观品质,并提高果实的耐贮性。     

Improved fruit retention,yield and fruit quality in mango with exogenous application of polyamines

Aqueous solutions (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mM) of PAs (putrescine, spermine, spermidine) containing a surfactant ‘Tween 20’ were sprayed onto panicles of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Kensington Pride) at final fruit set (FFS) stage (when all flowers abscised but remain attached to the panicle) during 1999–2001 to investigate their effects on fruit retention, yield, size, and fruit quality. The optimum time of PA application for improving final fruit retention and fruit yield was determined by spraying different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mM) of spermine (SPM) containing a surfactant ‘Tween 20’ at four phenological stages including flower bud differentiation (FBD), 5–8 cm long grown panicles (GP), full bloom (FB) and at initial fruit set (IFS) stage (when 2/3rd of the flowers were abscised but attached to the panicle) during 2000. Exogenous application of PAs at FFS stage did not significantly increase fruit retention. However, compared to control (0.79 and 2.3% fruit retention), PAs treatments resulted in comparatively higher mean fruit retention (1.53 and 2.92%) during 1999–2000 and 2000–2001, respectively. Among three PAs tested, SPM was more effective in increasing mean final fruit retention. Fruit size was not significantly affected by any PA treatment. Among the four application times, SPM (0.01 mM) spray at FB stage resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater fruit retention (4.99%) compared with control (2.1%). However, fruit yield was comparatively higher with SPM (0.01 mM) application at IFS stage or 5–8 cm GP stage compared to the control. Overall FB application was found as the optimum time of application. Application of PAs at FFS stage retarded fruit skin colour development compared to the control. Sugars and total soluble solids (TSS) were generally reduced in PA-treated fruit. Fruit acidity was increased (16.7%) with SPM, whereas it was 11% with PUT treatment as compared to the control. Total carotenoids in pulp were generally improved (49%) with PA treatments, compared to the control. Ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly reduced with spermidine (SPD) (24%) and PUT (20%) treatments, whereas higher concentrations of SPM (1 mM) tended to increase it (12.7%) compared to the control. In conclusion, application of SPM (0.01 mM) at FB stage resulted in the highest fruit retention, whereas SPM (0.01) spray at GP or IFS stage resulted in higher fruit yield. PUT application at FFS stage significantly improved fruit quality by increasing total carotenoid, while reducing acid content of ripe fruit.     

叶面喷施沼液肥对温室香瓜茄叶片光合特性、果实产量和品质的影响

以香瓜茄为材料,在日光温室条件下,于果实发育期叶面喷施沼液肥,研究沼液肥施用浓度及其与土壤追肥配合对香瓜茄叶片光合特性和果实产量与品质的影响.结果表明,稀释100倍沼液肥处理的叶片总氮和叶绿素质量分数分别为35.7 g·kg-1和1.129 mg·g-1,显著高于稀释400倍沼液肥的处理和对照,沼液肥配合土壤追肥时叶片...     

采前钙钾处理对甜樱桃果实品质和贮藏效果的影响

在预备试验基础上,于采收前15 d,通过3个浓度Ca(NO3)2与KH2PO4配合对甜樱桃喷布,结果表明,处理的果实品质好于对照,Ca2 K 能够抑制果实中POD、PPO活性,降低MDA含量,并且随浓度增加抑制作用增强,Ca2 K 处理果实腐烂率比对照降低1.34%～13.54%,褐变率降低10%～25.3%.     

3种中间砧对‘春见’柑橘树体生长、产量和果实品质的影响

试验以‘红橘’为基砧,‘清见’‘罗伯特’和‘华盛顿’脐橙为中间砧,‘春见’为接穗,研究了3种不同中间砧对‘春见’柑橘树体生长、产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:3种中间砧嫁接树树势中庸,均呈自然开心形;以‘罗伯特’为中间砧的干周最大(65.50 cm),显著大于其他2个中间砧;以‘清见’为中间砧的株产最高(50.39 kg),显著高于其他2个中间砧;以‘清见’为中间砧的枝梢生长最旺,显著高于‘华盛顿’中间砧;以‘清见’为中间砧的单果重最大(303.96 g),以‘华盛顿’为中间砧的果实纵横径、果形指数、可食率均高于其他2个中间砧;以‘罗伯特’为中间砧的果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量均最高,以‘华盛顿’为中间砧的果实维生素C含量最高;以‘清见’为中间砧的果实固酸比显著高于‘罗伯特’和‘华盛顿’中间砧,分别高7.20和1.20;以‘清见’为中间砧的果实综合评分最高(83.10分),显著高于‘罗伯特’和‘华盛顿’中间砧,分别高6.20分和4.60分。综合分析表明,以‘清见’为中间砧的砧穗组合整体优于其他2个砧穗组合。     

复合肥与纳米几丁质混合喷施对圆黄梨品质的影响

以0.2%的氮磷钾复合肥与0.003%的纳米几丁质水悬浮液按不同体积比例混配,于圆黄梨幼果期喷施2次,中间间隔10天,研究其对梨果品质的影响。结果表明,二者以0.75∶1混配喷施,比喷施其他混配比例、单喷复合肥、单喷纳米几丁质的果实综合品质指标均佳。比单喷0.2%复合肥的单果重提高12%;果实中蔗糖含量提高42.2%;蔗糖合成酶活性提高1.1倍;蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性提高1.08倍,均差异显著。说明纳米几丁质与肥料配施具有协同增效的作用,起到改善果实品质的效果,且比常规施肥节肥。     

喷施钙肥对梨果实品质和石细胞代谢的影响

石细胞是影响梨果实品质的关键因素之一,钙与石细胞次生壁形成过程关系密切。以南果梨为试材,于花后不同时期喷施钙肥,研究了不同浓度的氯化钙及糖醇螯合钙对其果实品质及石细胞代谢的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同钙肥处理对南果梨果实品质均有所改善,同时显著提高果实钙含量,并对石细胞形成有不同程度的抑制作用。其中,盛花期后20d喷施5.0g/L氯化钙可显著增加南果梨单果重、横纵径和总钙含量,并减少石细胞积累,效果最佳。进一步研究发现,氯化钙处理降低了木质素合成相关基因PuC3H、Pu CAD、PuPOD、PuLAC的表达水平。因此,钙处理可通过抑制木质素途径下游基因的表达来减少石细胞的积累,是提高南果梨果实品质的有效措施。     

鸭梨、黄金梨果实结构与耐贮性的关系

以耐贮性强的鸭梨和不耐贮的黄金梨为试材,分别研究了果实组织结构的差异,结果表明:鸭梨果实表面角质层厚,且深入表皮细胞间隙,表皮细胞较厚,排列紧密,表皮下有4～5层含有大量被染成紫红色的单宁类物质;黄金梨角质层薄,表皮细胞少,不连续,甚至没有表皮细胞,表皮下细胞含单宁物质较少,有的几乎没有。此外,鸭梨近果皮果肉中石细胞多、石细胞团大;黄金梨近果皮果肉中石细胞少、石细胞团小。     

Improvement of quality and storability of apple cv. Aroma by adjustment of some pre-harvest conditions

To improve the quality of the important Swedish apple cultivar Aroma and increase its resistance to bruising and storage decay, three studies were conducted at Kivik research station during the period 1998–2003. The effects of tree age, pruning time and nitrogen fertilization were investigated. Fruits from young trees (younger than 6 years) had a lower resistance to bruising and Pezicula malicorticis decay, while fruits from trees older than 20 years seemed to show a quality and storability decline. Choosing a suitable summer pruning time was an effective factor for fruit storage potential. Thinning cut during August (5–6 weeks before harvesting) improved fruit colour and decreased decay without negatively influencing tree yield. Applying fertigation according to fruit development phase and soil nitrogen content had a very important influence on fruit quality and storability. Appropriate nutrition supply produced more deeply coloured fruit that maintained their quality after storage for 4 months. The bruising sensitivity of cv. Aroma apples was correlated with their N and K/Ca content. More coloured fruits showed less sensitivity to bruising.