台农1号芒果催熟试验

芒果和香蕉一样 ,是典型的呼吸跃变型水果。台农一号芒果树上或采后均能自然成熟 ,但成熟不一致 ,果皮颜色青黄不一 ,风味差 ,影响商品性 ,故一般采后用人工催熟。传统的催熟方法是用 50 0× 1 0 -6 ～ 1 0 0 0× 1 0 -6 乙烯利浸果 ,密封催熟。但催熟效果不理想 ,易烂果 ,果皮颜色不均匀 ,商品性较差。本试验采用单果包装 ,乙烯气体催熟 ,以期改善商品性 ,延长货架期。1　材料和方法材料　 1 998年 7月 3日 ,在广东省农科院果树所芒果品种园采摘成熟度约 8度、果肩部开始饱满、大小一致、完好无损的台农一号芒果为试材。方法　采集的芒果当…     

乙烯利对梨果实的催熟作用

<正> 目前应用乙烯利催熟柑桔、苹果、菠萝、香蕉、柿子及番茄、西瓜等多种果实均得到良好的效果.広田(1971)对砂梨系统的"二十世纪"、"早生二十世纪"、"旭"、"新世纪"等的试验认为:在采前2~3周树上喷洒100ppm的乙烯利,有促进果实肥大,降低淀粉含量和果实硬度,增加糖分的作用,并可提早7天采收.林·平田等(1970)也报导了在7月下旬对"二十世纪"喷洒100~250ppm的乙烯利,可提早3~4周成     

柑桔等果蔬用乙烯利催熟的简易方法介绍

应柿、桔、菜农种植专业大户要求提早应市争取高效益,我部与绍兴东湖化工厂协作共同提出用乙烯利催熟果蔬,技术简介如下。 一、采后浸果法 一般在采收前半个月,即转色期或在8～9成熟时采摘,用250～500ppm乙烯利药液浸果半分钟,捞出摊开晾干果面药液,随后堆放或装箱,据测定浸果处理后48小时,果皮叶绿素含量可下降到1/4。处理后一星期左右,可达到正常果皮鲜艳光亮标准,提高了商品率。但颜色淡黄(群众称黄胖色)缺少光泽,用乙烯利处理柑桔最好加     

科技文摘

正干雾湿度控制系统的组建及果蔬贮藏保鲜应用试验为了实现果蔬贮藏所需环境恒定高湿度的精准自动控制,该文作者以净化水和压缩空气为原料,采用特殊的雾化器、湿度传感器及微电脑控制终端等组件,设计组建了干雾湿度控制系统,可喷发2~10μm的水雾离子均匀扩散到环境空气中,提     

猕猴桃催熟试验

有些猕猴桃品种后熟期较长,达20天以上,影响鲜食。为此,我于1985年10月作了乙烯利喷果催熟试验。 10月19日采收洛阳8311一株果实,此时的可溶性固形物为6.25％,平均重85克。挑出125个果,分为5组,各25个,在常温条件下以400、500、800、1000倍的40％乙烯利水溶液喷全果,以喷清水作对照。每隔三天统计一次软果率,采后二周随机挑出10个     

乙烯利对温州蜜柑果实催熟、落叶、花量、座果、产量的影响

乙烯利是促进果实成熟的良好生长调节剂。在生产上用于催熟已有相当长的时间,但多见于果实采后处理。为了探索乙烯利在温州蜜柑树冠上使用的方法和对果质、落叶、花量、座果、产量的影响,1990～1991年在隆回进行了温州蜜柑果实催熟试验,现总结如下:     

不同乙烯利浓度及贮藏温度对"南天黄"香蕉果实后熟品质的影响

为明确"南天黄"香蕉果实的催熟浓度、温度等条件,为生产上催熟提供技术参考.以"南天黄"香蕉果实为试材,比较1、0.8、0.5g/L乙烯利处理后,14、18、22℃贮藏对果实后熟进程、果皮色度、果肉硬度和可溶性固形物含量等变化的影响.结果表明,随着乙烯利浓度及贮藏温度提高,香蕉果实色差H值和硬度下降速度及可溶性糖含量增加...     

果实成熟调控理论与实践

【导读】延缓或促进果实成熟,调节市场供给,是提高水果生产经营效益的现实需求。延缓果实成熟的方法主要有低温贮藏或1-甲基环丙烯处理,影响果实内源乙烯释放及果实软化过程,进而达到延长果实贮藏寿命的目的;而促进果实成熟的方法主要是采用乙烯利或乙烯气体等催熟。     

延长黄熟香蕉货架期的研究

实验研究了热水处理、包装自发气调(MAP)、乙烯吸收剂、1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、贮藏温度、多菌灵等对黄熟香蕉货架期的影响。对香蕉的有机酸和总可溶性固形物含量、色差值、包装袋内的CO2浓度进行了测定。结果显示:在(28±2)℃贮藏条件下,黄熟香蕉的货架期只有1d。1-MCP延长黄熟香蕉货架期效果最好,可以延长4d;10%CO2和2%O2的MAP气调和乙烯吸收剂可延长货架期1d;500mg/kg多菌灵48℃热处理浸泡香蕉30s,延长货架期1d。50℃以上高温预处理15min,引起黄熟香蕉热害;pH4.5酸性溶液48℃浸15min,也有明显伤害。48℃高温预处理15min,没有引起伤害。黄熟香蕉对冷害敏感。应用500mg/kg多菌灵浸果30s,晾干后放入0.04mm厚聚乙烯袋内,放入0.8%乙烯吸收剂,换气后初始CO2为10%,O2为2%,袋内注射1-MCP,使最终浓度达0.13mmol/L,可使黄熟香蕉货架期由原来的1d延长到6d。     

乙烯利诱导菠萝成花过程中FT基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】克隆菠萝AcFT基因并研究其表达模式,为深入研究该基因在乙烯利诱导菠萝成花中的功能奠定基础。【方法】从菠萝基因组数据库中获得AcFT基因全长序列,设计全长引物,克隆两个AcFT基因,分别命名为AcFT1和AcFT2,对基因序列进行生物信息学分析;通过qRT-PCR探究乙烯利处理后菠萝AcFT基因在不同组织、时间下的表达模式。【结果】AcFT1和AcFT2分别编码178和177个氨基酸,两者均含有PBP结构域,具有PEBP家族典型结构特征。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,AcFT1和AcFT2都具有组织表达特异性,在茎和叶中相对表达量较高;乙烯利处理后,AcFT1和AcFT2在茎和叶中的表达具有相反的趋势,其中AcFT2明显受到乙烯利上调,呈现先上升后下降趋势,AcFT1则显示为先下降后上升。乙烯利处理后1 d,茎尖组织AcFT2的表达水平显著上升,相对表达量约为对照的178倍,而AcFT1则明显下调;乙烯利处理后31 d,AcFT2在茎尖中的表达水平达到最大值,约为对照的408倍,但AcFT1却处于极低水平。【结论】克隆得到2个AcFT基因,AcFT2基因在乙烯利处理后1 d及随后的花芽分化时期高度表达,表明AcFT2在响应外源乙烯利信号诱导菠萝成花过程中发挥重要作用。     

Hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes during banana ripening

The relative activities of 5 hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, viz. alpha-amylase, starch phosphorylase, acid phosphatase, peroxidase and catalase, increased considerably in 3 cultivars of banana fruits stored for 5 weeks at 20°C. An upsurge in the activities of all the enzymes, having as a maximum about 1.2–19.1 times their initial level, was observed during the ripening at 20°C. The 3 banana cultivars differed greatly in the activities of all the 5 enzymes studied.     

Physiological changes in boysenberry fruit during growth and ripening

Summary

Boysenberries (Rubus hybrid) were harvested at five developmental stages (green, “turning”, pink, red and purple) to study changes associated with flavour, colour and firmness, with a particular focus on the different enzymes involved in chlorophyll degradation or cell wall degradation. The level of reducing and non-reducing sugars increased 109- and 52-fold, respectively, between the “turning” and the purple stage. Titratable acidity increased by 84% between the green and the pink stage, but dropped by 41% between the red stage and full ripening. Total phenols displayed their highest values in green and “turning” fruit. Chlorophyll a and b degradation occurred mainly during the early stages of development, and was paralleled by a 2.3-fold increase in chlorophyllase activity and a 5-fold increase in Mg-dechelatase activity between the green and the red stages. Chlorophyll peroxidase activity was high at the green stage, but did not change significantly after the “turning” stage. This is the first report on the activity of chlorophyll-degrading enzymes in Rubus spp. fruits. Anthocyanins increased 11-fold between the “turning” and the pink stages, and an additional eight-fold between the pink and the purple stages. Fruit firmness decreased noticeably during ripening, with a concomitant 10.75-fold increase in polygalacturonase activity, beginning at the “turning” stage. Endo- -1,4-glucanase and -galactosidase activities rose 9.2- and 6.7-fold, respectively, after the pink stage and paralleled the major softening process taking place between the pink and purple stages, when fruit firmness decreased from 3.83 N to 0.29 N. Pectin methylesterase activity was high in pink and red fruit, but decreased by 21% as the fruit turned from red to purple. This is the first report on cell wall enzyme activities whose combined action might be required for the breakdown of natural cell wall substrates during ripening in boysenberry, as happens in other soft fruits.     

Sugar changes in Clementine and orange fruit during ripening

Summary

Juice and rind sugar content, fruit volume and rind colour were determined in cvs Fina, Oroval and Hernandina Clementines and in cvs Navelina, Washington Navel and Navelate oranges, cultivars that are harvested at different periods during the season. An accumulation of sugars was observed in all cultivars during ripening, mainly due to an increase of sucrose in the juice and of reducing sugars in the rind. Cv Hernandina, a late Clementine, showed a slower rate of sugar increase in rind.     

Gibberellin-like substances during ripening of olive fruit

The activity of gibberellin-like substances in olive fruits, Olea europea L. cultivar ‘Manzanillo’, was investigated. A decrease in gibberellin activity was found with the transition from green ripe to black ripe; simultaneously, the activity of inhibiting substances was demonstrated. The general aspects of ripening and their reference to the specific processes taking place in the olive fruit are discussed.     

Inhibition of ripening of avocados with calcium

Ripening of intact avocado fruit was inhibited by infiltration under reduced pressure with solutions containing calcium chloride. The increase in storage life was about 50% greater than control fruit. When the fruit did ripen, they were found by organoleptic evaluation to be highly acceptable and of similar quality to fruit that ripened normally. The fruit, however, had ripened without exhibiting any rise in respiration and with a greatly reduced climacteric pattern of ethylene evolution.     

白花结实早熟梨新品种一早冠的选育

早冠是以鸭梨为母本，青云为父本杂交育成的自花结实早熟梨新品种。果实8月初成熟，近圆形，平均单果质量230g，果皮淡黄色，果肉洁白，肉质细腻酥脆，汁液丰富，酸甜适口。具有良好的自花结实能力，抗病，早果，丰产。     

The effect of humidity in plantain ripening

An examination of the coordination of ripening changes in plantain fruits (Musa AAB, cultivar ‘Apem’) showed that water stress had no effect on the respiratory rate at the climacteric maximum nor on the time between initiation and maximum. Similarly, water stress had little or no effect on the coordination of changes in CO₂ and C₂H₄ evolution, although it slightly increased the magnitude of C₂H₄ production and of the ACC content of the pulp. Stressed and unstressed fruits showed similar synchronised ripening changes after 2 and 3 days from the commencement of the climacteric. However, after 1 day, peel colouration, pulp softening and total soluble solids were less in stressed than in unstressed fruits. The results are discussed in the light of reported work on dessert bananas (Musa AAA cultivars).     

果蔬成熟乙烯生物合成与调控研究进展

乙烯促进采后果蔬的成熟和衰老,因此调控乙烯的生理合成和作用方式逐渐成为采后研究领域的主要内容。本文对果蔬成熟过程中乙烯的生物合成与分子水平的调控进行了简要总结,主要是乙烯合成过程中的关键酶及信号转导对果蔬成熟的影响进行了讨论,提出了目前研究中存在的问题和进一步的研究方向。     

中晚熟甜樱桃新品种‘春晖’的选育

‘春晖’是以‘先锋’为母本的自然杂交群体中培育出的大果型中晚熟甜樱桃新品种。果实肾形,果顶平,果皮颜色紫红,果柄长度中,平均单果质量10.1 g。果肉和果汁颜色粉红,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)22.1%,总糖含量15.65%,可滴定酸含量0.98%,维生素C含量16.0 mg·100 g~(-1)。果肉硬,味甜微酸,品质极佳,耐贮运。果形整齐端正,很少有畸形果,商品果率高‘。春晖’还有一个突出特点是,果实成熟时易与果柄分离,可以实现不带果柄采摘,非常适合都市生态观光园采摘,可以有效降低游客采摘对树体的伤害‘。春晖’树势强壮,树姿半直立,树体分枝能力中,以短果枝和花束状果枝结果为主,果实坐果率高,具有较好的早果性和丰产性,较抗裂果,是适合于国内中西部地区发展的一个优良中晚熟甜樱桃品种。在郑州地区‘,春晖’盛花期在3月31日-4月1日,花期中;果实成熟期在5月24日左右,果实发育期约54 d‘。春晖’S基因型为S1S9,自花不实。     

龙眼晚熟新品种灵龙的选育

1990年在广西灵山县新墟镇大果广眼龙眼实生树中发现 1棵优良单株 ,经过 10年对该单株鉴定 ,确认具有早结果、丰产、果穗紧凑、品质优、适应性强、晚熟特性。该优良单株于 2 0 0 1年 2月通过广西壮族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定并命名为灵龙