12个引进油梨品种果肉品质的评价

在广东省湛江市国家热带果树种质资源圃中,以稳定开花结果的12个油梨品种为试材,于果实生理成熟期采集果实样品,对果肉的可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、粗脂肪和水含量等品质指标进行测定。结果表明,供试油梨果肉可溶性总糖含量在17.35~40.75 mg/g之间,迪普伊(Dupuis)和威尔逊无核(Wilson seedless)的可溶性总糖含量显著高于其他品种;果肉可溶性糖组成中葡萄糖所占比例在87.00%以上,有少量的果糖和微量的蔗糖。淀粉含量在30.46~63.32mg/g之间,西蒙兹(Simmonds)的含量最高,显著高于其他品种。可溶性蛋白含量在5.35~15.37mg/g之间,仍以西蒙兹的含量最高。粗脂肪含量在1.33%~7.33%之间,以门罗(Monroe)的含量最高,显著高于其他品种。水含量相对稳定,分布在82.67%~90.83%之间。说明,油梨果肉可溶性糖的积累是以葡萄糖为主;与淀粉含量和相对含水量相比,可溶性糖、粗脂肪和可溶性蛋白的含量更宜作为油梨品种选择和新品种选育的评价指标。     

红宝石苹果果实有机酸组分及苹果酸代谢酶活性分析

【目的】测定红宝石苹果果实有机酸组成及其含量,分析苹果酸含量变化与其代谢相关酶的关系,探究红宝石果实低酸特性的生理基础。【方法】以不同生长发育期红宝石和富士2001苹果果实为试验材料,采用蒽酮比色法测定果实总糖含量,高效液相色谱法测定有机酸组分及含量,测定分析果实苹果酸相关代谢酶活性及与苹果酸含量的相关性。【结果】红宝石苹果果实中有机酸成分主要为苹果酸、草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和琥珀酸5种,与富士2001苹果果实中有机酸组分一致,其皆以苹果酸为主。不同发育期2个苹果品种果实中总糖含量相近,但总酸含量差异显著。对果实有机酸不同组分定量分析,发现果实总酸含量差异主要是由苹果酸含量差异所致。进一步分析苹果酸含量与其相关代谢酶活性之间的相关性,发现在发育前期红宝石苹果果实中苹果酸含量大量积累,主要是该时期NAD-苹果酸脱氢酶（NAD-MDH）活性增强促进了苹果酸的大量合成,以及NADP-苹果酸酶（NADP-ME）活性降低减少了苹果酸的分解,富士2001苹果与之类似。【结论】红宝石苹果是苹果酸为主的低酸型苹果品种,NADP-ME和NAD-MDH在其果实苹果酸积累中起主要协同调控作用。     

32个龙眼品种果实有机酸组分及含量特征分析

以32个龙眼品种为试材,利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对成熟龙眼假种皮中有机酸组分和含量进行测定,并通过聚类分析和主成分分析对龙眼果实中有机酸组分特征及含量进行总结。结果表明,32个龙眼品种果实假种皮在成熟时期总酸含量差别很大,其范围为1.129～2.549 mg/g,乌龙岭的总酸含量最高,其次是驼背木、晚柴螺和青壳宝圆,水涨的总酸含量最低。龙眼果实的有机酸以苹果酸为主,含量为0.369～1.690 mg/g,占总酸含量的52.98%,是典型的苹果酸型果实,此外还含有抗坏血酸、酒石酸、草酸、α-酮戊二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸等。相关性分析结果表明,苹果酸含量与总酸含量呈极显著正相关,α-酮戊二酸含量和琥珀酸含量与总酸含量均呈显著正相关。根据苹果酸含量可以将32个龙眼品种分为高苹果酸积累型、中间型和低苹果酸积累型。     

番茄果实不同发育时期有机酸组分及含量分析

以基因型纯合番茄品种0-33-1、耐运2000、尖黄、青熟和满田206为试材,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和气相色谱法测定番茄果实不同发育时期(绿熟期、转色期和成熟期)柠檬酸、苹果酸、草酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸和乙酸含量的变化。结果表明:5个番茄品种果实有机酸组分含量在果实发育过程中的变化规律不同,其中柠檬酸含量最高,变化范围为0.814~1.470 g·kg-1,占总酸比例的21.19%~40.64%;乙酸含量最低,变化范围为0.046~0.130 g·kg-1,占总酸比例的1.25%~4.40%。从有机酸组分来看,番茄属于柠檬酸型果实;在果实发育过程中,总酸含量总体呈下降趋势,柠檬酸含量总体呈上升趋势。     

3个杨梅品种果实糖酸组分和含量分析

分析了浙江省3个杨梅主栽品种东魁、荸荠、晚稻果实糖、有机酸的种类和含量。结果表明,供试3个杨梅品种果实糖含量及组分差异较大,晚稻果实蔗糖含量最高,而荸荠果实葡萄糖和果糖含量最高;3个杨梅品种果实均以苹果酸含量最高,其次是琥珀酸和柠檬酸;果实可溶性固形物含量荸荠显著高于东魁、晚稻,可滴定酸含量东魁果实最高,其次为荸荠、晚稻;糖酸比:晚稻>荸荠>东魁,且品种间差异均达显著水平。     

不同产地商业香菇品种中有机酸含量差异分析

以国内香菇主产区市售4种香菇干品为试材,利用反相高效液相色谱法对其有机酸含量进行了测定,拟从有机酸角度分析不同地区同类香菇风味差异。结果表明:苹果酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、琥珀酸5种有机酸在不同产地同类香菇中都可检出,酒石酸及抗坏血酸都在检出限以下。不同产地香菇干品中5种有机酸含量存在显著差异,含量由大到小依次为琥珀酸柠檬酸苹果酸乙酸富马酸。其中湖北随州冬菇中苹果酸含量最高,达到了(34.66±0.49)mg/g;福建尤溪金钱菇中乙酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸的含量最高,分别达到了(35.48±0.11)mg/g、(47.42±0.16)mg/g和(222.07±0.20)mg/g;浙江庆元花菇中富马酸含量最高,达到(5.53±0.08)mg/g。不同产地干香菇中有机酸含量的差异可以为其风味差异提供切实的理论基础,便于进一步的加工或者消费选择。     

不同栽培种果实有机酸组分及含量特征分析

以分属5个栽培种的98个梨品种资源为试材,利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对成熟果实的有机酸组分和含量进行测定。结果表明：98个品种果实的总酸含量差别很大,其范围是1.28 ~ 23.47 mg · g^-1 FW;5个栽培种中,西洋梨的总酸含量最高,其次是秋子梨、白梨和砂梨,最低的为新疆梨。梨果实中主要组分苹果酸和柠檬酸含量变化范围分别是0.73 ~ 23.16 mg · g^-1 FW和0.02 ~ 15.29 mg · g^-1 FW,分别占总酸的55.91%和37.08%;大部分西洋梨品种,柠檬酸含量高于苹果酸含量,是以柠檬酸优势型为主的梨栽培种。基于有机酸含量的聚类分析结果揭示白梨与秋子梨、砂梨存在较近的关系,以及西洋梨与秋子梨高酸的共同特征,同时也表明西洋梨与其他栽培种亲缘关系较远。     

‘琯溪蜜柚’及其芽变品种果实有机酸和矿质元素含量分析

对‘琯溪蜜柚’‘黄金蜜柚’‘红肉蜜柚’‘红绵蜜柚’‘三红蜜柚’果实成熟期果肉有机酸和矿质元素含量进行测定。结果表明:与‘琯溪蜜柚’相比,其4个芽变品种果肉柠檬酸含量降低,苹果酸含量普遍升高;4个芽变品种果肉Mg、Fe含量均高于‘琯溪蜜柚’,Zn含量均低于‘琯溪蜜柚’,K、P、Ca、Na含量因品种而异;4个芽变品种果肉Fe/Zn值均升高,K/P值变化因品种而异,其中3个果肉颜色有变异的品种(‘黄金蜜柚’‘红肉蜜柚’‘三红蜜柚’)Ca/Mg、Ca/Na、Mg/Na值普遍升高。     

若干杏品种果肉色泽与维生素含量的测定

应用高效液相色谱仪对６ 个黄色或橙黄色果肉和５ 个白色或绿白色果肉杏品种维生素含量定量分析,结果表明,不同品种间杏果肉的β－胡萝卜素、维生素Ｅ、Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ６ 和Ｃ含量均有较大差异。其中β－胡萝卜素的含量与果肉颜色有关,黄色或橙黄色杏品种的果肉β－胡萝卜素含量高于白色或绿白色果肉１４ 倍,而大多数白色或绿白色果肉杏品种维生素Ｅ含量显著高于黄色或橙黄色果肉杏品种。从营养价值分析,供试骆驼黄和龙泉务香白杏２ 个品种为营养型优良品种,应得到发展     

Xylem conductivity and vulnerability in cultivars and races of avocado

Anatomical vessel features of Guatemalan, Mexican and West Indian races and cultivars Colı́n V-33, Fuerte and Hass of Persea americana Mill. were studied in 10-year-old trees grown in the field under similar environmental and management conditions with the main purpose to get insight on anatomical variation among genotypes. The cultivars differed anatomically from the races, showing an inverse relationship between races and cultivars with respect to vessel frequency and diameter, however, relative conductivity was similar among cultivars suggesting an adjustment between vessel diameter and frequency that maintains a similar relative conductivity among genotypes. The three races had the higher vessel frequency and the narrower vessel diameters as well as the lowest vulnerability index values compared to Hass and Fuerte cultivars. An important finding in this study was that cultivar Colı́n V-33, a dwarf genotype, had intermediate anatomical characteristics between races and the other cultivars suggesting a better adapted hydraulic system to water deficits.     

高效液相色谱测定荔枝果肉中的糖、酸和维生素C

用高效液相色谱法测定荔枝果肉中的可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素C,得到分离良好的色谱图,且测定精确灵敏、回收率高、重复性好,是一种简单、快速、准确测定的方法。应用该法测定了妃子笑和糯米糍荔枝果肉样品,结果表明荔枝果肉中的可溶性糖主要为蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖;妃子笑果肉主要的糖是还原糖,而糯米糍中主要为蔗糖。荔枝果肉中主要的有机酸为苹果酸和酒石酸,2个品种果肉维生素C含量差异较大,妃子笑的维生素C含量是糯米糍的3倍。     

Storage of some local and introduced mango cultivars grown in Trinidad

The fruit characteristics and storage potential of some local and introduced mango cultivars grown in Trinidad were compared. At ambient temperature (28–32°C), fruit could be stored satisfactorily for between 3 and 8 days, after which ripening rapidly occurred. At 14°C, storage life was increased to as much as 18 days (cultivar ‘Graham’). Enclosure of fruits individually in polythene bags increased storage life at either ambient or 14°C temperature, while treatment with 3% Sta-fresh wax increased storage at ambient but not at 14°C. In the case of ‘Doodooth’, which was highly susceptible to anthracnose, treatment of fruit with hot water (52 ± 2°C) containing 500 or 1000 mg l^?4 benomyl for 5 min reduced the incidence of disease. Results are discussed in relation to the export potential of mangoes.     

高效液相色谱法测定5个杏品种的糖和酸

为了探讨快速准确的测定杏果实中的糖、酸组分及其含量的方法,采用高效液相色谱法测定了5个杏品种果肉中的可溶性糖和有机酸,结果表明杏果肉中的可溶性糖为蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、山梨糖醇,其中前3种为主要糖,并且蔗糖含量明显高于其他3种糖的含量;杏果肉中的有机酸包括苹果酸、柠檬酸和奎宁酸,前两种酸为主要酸。利用高效液相色谱法可以成功地测定出杏果实中的糖、酸组分及其含量,并且具有良好的精确度、回收率和重复性。     

Effect of low temperatures during flowering on floral cycle and pollen tube growth in nine avocado cultivars

The floral response of the type A avocado cultivars ‘Reed’, ‘Wurtz’, ‘Rincon’ and ‘Jalna’, and the type B cultivars ‘Bacon’, ‘Ryan’, ‘Edranol’, ‘Sharwil’ and ‘Hazzard’ was tested under growth-cabinet conditions of 17° C day, 12° C night, with a 12-h photoperiod and photon flux density of 400 μE m^?2 s^?1 (400–700 nm). Most of the flowers of all type A cultivars and the type B cultivar ‘Bacon’ had both a female and a male stage. None of the flowers of the other type B cultivars had a female stage but opened in the male stage only. Hand pollination resulted in some ovule penetration in the cultivars with female stage flowers. In those with only male-stage flowers, the pollen tubes grew no further than the style. Maintenance of fertility under low-temperature conditions during flowering appeared to be partly, but not entirely, linked to the type A flowering cycle.     

西番莲品种紫星在云南景谷的表现

<正> 西番莲又名百香果,原产巴西,为多年生常绿藤本果树,我国福建、四川、广西、云南等热带、亚热带地区多有零星种植。西番莲有数百个品种,目前栽植多为黄果系品种,味极酸,需人工授粉,耐寒性差。     

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the apple flesh and peel of eleven cultivars grown in Brazil

The total phenolic, flavanol, monomeric anthocyanin contents and the antioxidant activity of flesh and peel of 11 apple cultivars from Brazil were investigated. Concentrations of the parameters measured differed significantly among the apple cultivars and were highest in the peel compared to the flesh. Total phenolic content (mg GAE/100 g fresh matter) ranged from 128.3 (Golden Delicious) to 212.0 (Epagri-F₅P₂₈₃) in the flesh and 304.6 (Golden Delicious) to 712.6 (Catarina) in the peel. Total flavanol content (mg CAE/100 g fm) varied from 11.7 (Epagri-SJ11) to 28.2 (Epagri-F₄₃P₂₃) and from 32.4 (Epagri-SJ11) to 147.7 (Catarina) in the flesh and peel, respectively. COOP-24 peel had the highest total anthocyanin content. The Epagri-F5P283 and Epagri-F43P23 flesh and Catarina peel had the highest antioxidant activity while Golden Delicious flesh and peel had the lowest. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were significantly correlated in both flesh (R² = 0.717) and peel (R² = 0.716). The contribution of phenolics to the antioxidant activity in peel suggests that their removal may induce a significant loss of antioxidants.     

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and fruit oil content of avocado trees

This work was carried out to study the effect of two nitrogen levels, 250 and 500 g of actual nitrogen per avocado tree per year. The nitrogen sources were calcium nitrate (as soil application) and urea (as foliage application).Nitrogen fertilization gave a highly significant increase in tree yield (kg/tree) in most treatments. Moreover, urea sprays seemed to be more effective on the yield than calcium nitrate added to the soil at the same nitrogen level. The 500 g nitrogen level of both sources gave a higher yield increase than 250 g nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilization gave a slight increase in mean avocado fruit weight and size, while urea sprays seemed to be more effective in increasing the mean fruit weight and size. A slight decrease in flesh oil content occurred as a result of nitrogen fertilization.     

8个板栗品种在甘肃陇南的引种表现

<正> 甘肃省陇南山区的徽县、两当县和康县地处秦岭西延部分是我国板栗自然分布的最西端,有板栗树260多万株,其中徽县有80多万株、两当县有100多万株、康县有80多万株,在当地板栗多为野生状态,果个小,品质差,产量低且不稳。1998年开始,我们引进8个板栗品种,从中筛选适于甘肃省发展的板栗品种。     

杨梅果肉维生素C含量测定法评价

杨梅作为我国南方著名的特色水果,口味好,风味独特,在果实品质研究中维生素C含量的测定是必不可少的.维生素C（简称Vc）又叫抗坏血酸,是一种已糖衍生物,包括还原型Vc和氧化型Vc两种,以前新鲜果品中以测定还原型Vc为主.现有的Vc测定方法主要是全量测定法（测定还原型和氧化型Vc的总含量）如国标荧光法,2,4-二硝基苯肼法）和还原型Vc测定法（2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法、碘滴定法、钼蓝比色法、碘酸钾萃取分光光度法、原子吸收测定法、荧光法、色谱法等）两大类.有些方法既可测定全量,也可测定还原型Vc,如酶法,但目前这样的方法相对较少.尽管测定Vc方法很多,但在我国特色水果杨梅Vc的具体测定过程中,问题不少,还是没有简单满意的检测方法.下面就杨梅果肉VC测定过程中应用的几种测试方法简单作个评价.