临床兽药的配方及实际应用

1 细菌性败血症 细菌性败血症的经验治疗应首选杀菌性、广谱性（必要时联合）、能透过血脑屏障的抗生素，而且应该使用大剂量。     

盐酸恩诺沙星防治鲟鱼细菌性鱼病

贵州省是典型的喀斯特山区，地下水年排泄量259亿m^3，加上众多的河流和水库中下层水资源，具有养殖鲟鱼的良好资源条件。我省鲟鱼养殖以流水养殖为主，养殖规模迅速扩大，养殖技术日趋成熟，已成为全国鲟鱼养殖的新兴区域。我省鲟鱼养殖中细菌性鱼病的防治多采用一般抗生素和杀菌消毒药物，其药效慢、使用不方便、鱼体易应激，特别是治疗时...     

浅议淡水鱼细菌性败血症的防治

淡水鱼细菌性败血症是引起鱼类严重死亡的一种暴发性疾病,一度给我国水产养殖业带来毁灭性影响.本文分析了细菌性败血症的主要发病原因,结合笔者多年的经验提出了相应的防治措施,可减少该鱼病的发生及有效治疗,提高养殖户养殖效益.     

大黄侧柏叶合剂对淡水鱼类细菌性败血症的防治试验

细菌性败血症是淡水鱼类常见病之一。用抗生素和化学药物治疗淡水鱼类细菌性败血症虽然疗效确切，但存在着严重的抗生素和化学药物残留问题。要解决这一问题，必须研究开发针对性强、低毒、无残留、无公害的鱼药。笔者等研制的纯中药制剂——大黄侧柏叶合剂对鱼类嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophi1α，Ah）引起的淡水鱼类细菌性败血症进行防治试验，探讨以中药替代抗生素、化药防治淡水鱼类细菌性败血症的应用效果，为其合理应用、生产无公害水产品提供科学依据。     

类志贺邻单胞菌感染对鲟鱼肠道菌群多样性的影响

采用人工肌肉注射类志贺邻单胞菌(Pseudomonas shigella)后,以针对细菌16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术进行感染鲟鱼肠道菌群组成和多样性分析,结果显示:感染组鲟鱼肠道菌群多样性指数(Chaol、ACE、observed_species、 Shannon和Simpson)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);感染组和对照组鲟鱼肠道优势菌群均为梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteriodia)和厚壁菌门(Firmicute),但感染组鲟鱼肠道拟杆菌门细菌丰度显著小于对照组(P<0.05),而变形菌门(特别是邻单胞菌属)细菌丰度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,类志贺邻单胞菌感染能导致鲟鱼肠道菌群物种多样性和丰度显著变化,为鲟鱼细菌性疾病防控提供了科学依据。     

蚕细菌病

前言蚕的细菌病,从病原和病状可大致分为三类。即败血症、卒倒病和细菌性胃肠病。败血症和卒倒病其病原细菌已经查明,但细菌性胃肠病从细菌学的角度也还有许多不明之点,所谓细菌性胃肠病,是根据病状而给与的总的通称,而非某专一蚕病的病名,今     

细菌性败血症鱼病治疗体会

细菌性败血症在鱼类养殖中较为常见,发病病程较快、传染率较高、传播迅速,一般发病3~5内没有及时治疗即可引起鱼死亡或者绝产,造成较大的经济损失.本文就细菌性败血症鱼病进行探讨.1 概述细菌性败血症鱼病由嗜水气单胞菌、河弧菌、鲁克氏耶尔森氏菌病原细菌侵入引起,侵入后可在鱼儿血液循环系统大量繁殖造成身体严重感染.该病具有爆发性快、传染迅速、死亡率高的特点,是高密度池塘、混合鱼类养殖中常见的疾病,在我国华南地区较为常见.患病鱼早期表现为口腔、颌部、鳃盖、眼眶、鳍及鱼体两侧轻度充血,后期严重时症状较为复杂,充血现象加剧,分别呈现鳃丝、肌肉、眼眶充血,其中鳃丝呈浅紫色并肿胀,眼眶眼球突出,腹部膨大、红肿.其他部位腹部肛门红肿并伴有肠液溢出,出现大量腹水,解剖可见鱼五脏皆重大,肠胃系统充血肿胀.     

斑鳢细菌性败血症病原菌的分离与鉴定

由患细菌性败血症的斑鳢分离到１１株菌,根据直接荧光抗体法鉴定结果,对其中７株菌的菌落特性进行了观察,分析了菌株的生化特性,并测试了其对斑鳢、乌鳢和鲫的致病力。结果证明,斑鳢的细菌性败血症是由嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ）引起的     

珍珠鸡暴发沙门氏菌病的诊治报告

禽类沙门氏菌病是一种常见的细菌性传染病,幼雏感染后常呈急性败血症的病型,死亡率很高.1989年6月,奉贤县某粮管所饲养的7日龄珍珠鸡发生了一种以急性败血症为特征的疾病,经一系列的实验室检查,确诊为珍珠鸡沙门氏菌病.现将诊治情况报告如下.     

鳜鱼细菌性败血症防治措施

近年来,随着鳜鱼养殖业的蓬勃发展,养殖密度及养殖产量不断提高,引发鳜鱼的养殖病害也愈来愈多。特别是鳜鱼细菌性败血症发病面积广,死亡率高,直接影响到鳜鱼养殖产量和效益。笔者通过调查分析及一系列试验,对鳜鱼细菌性败血症的防治措施介绍如下,供大家参考:     

Iridovirus infections among Missouri River sturgeon: initial characterization, transmission, and evidence for establishment of a carrier state

Iridovirus infections of the integument were associated with disease and mortality among hatchery-reared populations of juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus from the Missouri River. Virus-infected cells in the integument of fins and body were greatly enlarged, possessed pleomorphic and eccentric nuclei, and exhibited an amphophilic to eosinophilic staining of the cytoplasm in hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections. Virus particles found in the host cell cytoplasm were composed of an outer hexagonal capsid measuring 254 nm in diameter and surrounding a dense nucleoid. Despite numerous attempts, the virus could not be propagated on routine cell lines used in fish viral diagnostics or from established cell lines from white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus, pallid sturgeon, or shovelnose sturgeon. Bath exposures of healthy juvenile pallid sturgeon to a crude extract or a 0.45-microm-filtered extract from the fins of infected fish resulted in transmission of the virus and mortality. At water temperatures of 15 degrees C, the first deaths occurred at approximately 1 month; mortality peaked between 50 and 60 d postexposure, after which surviving fish recovered. Presence of the virus was confirmed among dead and moribund pallid sturgeon by both histology and detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction methods. Feeding of infected tissues and cohabitation with virus-infected shovelnose sturgeon also resulted in successful virus transmission to juvenile pallid sturgeon. Virus infections among experimentally exposed pallid sturgeon that recovered from clinical episodes persisted for at least 8.5 months, and these apparently healthy fish transmitted the virus and disease to juvenile pallid sturgeon by cohabitation. The newly described Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus (MRSIV) as found in pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon shares many properties with a group of iridoviruses associated with serious skin and gill infections in several species of sturgeon.     

Iridovirus Infections among Missouri River Sturgeon: Initial Characterization,Transmission, and Evidence for Establishment of a Carrier State

Abstract

Iridovirus infections of the integument were associated with disease and mortality among hatchery-reared populations of juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus from the Missouri River. Virus-infected cells in the integument of fins and body were greatly enlarged, possessed pleomorphic and eccentric nuclei, and exhibited an amphophilic to eosinophilic staining of the cytoplasm in hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections. Virus particles found in the host cell cytoplasm were composed of an outer hexagonal capsid measuring 254 nm in diameter and surrounding a dense nucleoid. Despite numerous attempts, the virus could not be propagated on routine cell lines used in fish viral diagnostics or from established cell lines from white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus, pallid sturgeon, or shovelnose sturgeon. Bath exposures of healthy juvenile pallid sturgeon to a crude extract or a 0.45-μm-filtered extract from the fins of infected fish resulted in transmission of the virus and mortality. At water temperatures of 15°C, the first deaths occurred at approximately 1 month; mortality peaked between 50 and 60 d postexposure, after which surviving fish recovered. Presence of the virus was confirmed among dead and moribund pallid sturgeon by both histology and detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction methods. Feeding of infected tissues and cohabitation with virus-infected shovelnose sturgeon also resulted in successful virus transmission to juvenile pallid sturgeon. Virus infections among experimentally exposed pallid sturgeon that recovered from clinical episodes persisted for at least 8.5 months, and these apparently healthy fish transmitted the virus and disease to juvenile pallid sturgeon by cohabitation. The newly described Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus (MRSIV) as found in pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon shares many properties with a group of iridoviruses associated with serious skin and gill infections in several species of sturgeon.

Received October 5, 2010; accepted October 26, 2010     

中华鲟幼鲟饲料中适宜动植物蛋白比的研究

按单因子梯度设计的原理 ,以鱼粉和豆粕作为蛋白源 ,设计出5种不同蛋白质水平的饲料配方 ,通过5周饲养试验和2周消化试验 ,以研究中华鲟幼鲟饲料中适宜的动植物蛋白比。结果表明 ,中华鲟饲料中动植物蛋白比为1:1时 ,幼鲟的生长就能达到较好的效果 ;当动植物蛋白比达3:1时 ,既能发挥中华鲟生长迅速的潜力 ,又可获得良好的经济效益     

刘家峡网箱鲟鱼鱼苗主要病原菌的分离鉴定

为查明夏季甘肃省永靖县刘家峡水库西伯利亚鲟鱼鱼苗爆发性疾病病原菌,以无菌方法从甘肃省永靖县刘家峡不同鲟鱼网箱养殖场共采集了30份濒死期及死亡鲟鱼的组织样品,采用常规细菌分离、分子生物学鉴定方法对病原菌进行了分离鉴定,并进行了人工感染实验和药敏实验。结果表明:从采集到的鲟鱼组织样品中分离到57株细菌,分别为铜绿假单胞菌、异常嗜糖气单胞菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、河生莱略特氏菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌、鲁氏耶尔森菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌和海豚链球菌9种,除枯草芽胞杆菌及迟钝爱德华氏菌外,其余7种细菌对健康鲟鱼均具有不同程度的致病性;药敏实验分离到的7种病原菌均对诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、哌拉西林、庆大霉素、氯霉素等抗生素高度敏感,对青霉素、万古霉素、克林霉素、苯唑西林等不敏感,甚至完全耐药。该研究初步查明了甘肃省永靖县刘家峡西伯利亚鲟鱼鱼苗夏季爆发性疾病的病原菌种类,为该地区鲟鱼疾病的预防和合理用药提供了理论依据。     

Blood chemistry values for shovelnose and lake sturgeon

Blood chemistry panels are commonly used for assessing the general health of vertebrate animals. Here, we present novel blood chemistry data for two North American sturgeon species, shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Measurements were done using a portable chemistry analyzer (VetScan Analyzer; Abaxis). Among the plasma values measured (mean ± SD for shovelnose and lake sturgeon, respectively) were total proteins (3.7 ± 0.9 and 2.8 ± 0.4 g/dL), albumin (2.0 ± 0.5 and 1.1 ± 0.2 g/dL), globulin (1.7 ± 0.7 and 1.7 ± 0.3 g/dL), glucose (107 ± 46 and 62 ± 9.7 mg/dL), sodium (Na(+); 132 ± 3.6 and 150 ± 14 mEq/L), potassium (K(+); 3.5 ± 0.2 and 2.8 ± 1.7 mEq/L), phosphorus (10.4 ± 1.9 and 11.6 ± 3.6 mg/dL), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 676 ± 433 and 634 ± 234 IU/L). Higher values for total proteins, albumin, glucose, and Na(+) in shovelnose sturgeon than in lake sturgeon probably are the result of handling stress. In addition, the plasma of male shovelnose sturgeon had higher concentrations of AST, glucose, and globulin than did that of females, whereas the plasma of females had higher concentrations of albumin and K(+) than that of males. This study is the first to report blood chemistry data for shovelnose sturgeon. Robust blood chemistry databases can be used by aquaculturists and fish managers for monitoring sturgeon health.     

中华鲟人工繁殖关键技术的改进效果研究

为完善中华鲟的人工繁殖技术,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所等研究单位从1998~2005年对中华鲟人工繁殖技术进行改进及其试验研究,结果表明,利用改进的技术在提高中华鲟产后亲鲟的成活率、催产率、受精率、出苗率、孵化率以及提高培育放流中华鲟的规格和规模上均有明显的效果。     

人工感染维氏气单胞菌对杂交鲟体内组织抗菌肽含量的影响

为探究抗菌肽在鲟鱼体内的表达规律,试验采用维氏气单胞菌人工感染杂交鲟后,采集不同时间段杂交鲟的肝脏、脾脏、心脏、肌肉、肠道、鳃6个组织样品,利用ELISA方法进行抗菌肽含量的检测。结果:(1)正常对照组杂交鲟6个组织中均有抗菌肽表达,在鳃和肠道组织中含量最高,在肝脏中含量最低。(2)与正常对照组比较,人工感染组杂交鲟6个组织中抗菌肽含量在不同时间段均明显升高,差异显著(P<0.05)。其中:在24 h和96 h鳃和肠道的抗菌肽含量差异极显著(P<0.01);在48 h肝脏、肌肉、心脏、脾脏的抗菌肽含量差异极显著(P<0.01)。结论:杂交鲟可能是通过抗菌肽来抵御细菌感染,这为杂交鲟细菌性疾病的防治提供了新思路。     

杀鲑气单胞菌对鲟的杂交致病性及病理变化分析

为初探虹鳟鱼源杀鲑气单胞菌对杂交鲟是否具有感染性及人工感染后的主要临床症状及病理变化.本研究使用虹鳟鱼源杀鲑气单胞菌对杂交鲟进行人工感染,通过对半数致死量的测定、临床症状观察、发病杂交鲟解剖学变化观察及组织病理切片观察(HE染色)来确定杀鲑气单胞菌对杂交鲟是否具有致病性及致死性.结果 显示:虹鳟鱼源杀鲑气单胞菌对杂交鲟...     

Blood Chemistry Values for Shovelnose and Lake Sturgeon

Abstract

Blood chemistry panels are commonly used for assessing the general health of vertebrate animals. Here, we present novel blood chemistry data for two North American sturgeon species, shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Measurements were done using a portable chemistry analyzer (VetScan Analyzer; Abaxis). Among the plasma values measured (mean ± SD for shovelnose and lake sturgeon, respectively) were total proteins (3.7 ± 0.9 and 2.8 ± 0.4 g/dL), albumin (2.0 ± 0.5 and 1.1 ± 0.2 g/dL), globulin (1.7 ± 0.7 and 1.7 ± 0.3 g/dL), glucose (107 ± 46 and 62 ± 9.7 mg/dL), sodium (Na⁺; 132 ± 3.6 and 150 ± 14 mEq/L), potassium (K⁺; 3.5 ± 0.2 and 2.8 ± 1.7 mEq/L), phosphorus (10.4 ± 1.9 and 11.6 ± 3.6 mg/dL), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 676 ± 433 and 634 ± 234 IU/L). Higher values for total proteins, albumin, glucose, and Na⁺ in shovelnose sturgeon than in lake sturgeon probably are the result of handling stress. In addition, the plasma of male shovelnose sturgeon had higher concentrations of AST, glucose, and globulin than did that of females, whereas the plasma of females had higher concentrations of albumin and K⁺ than that of males. This study is the first to report blood chemistry data for shovelnose sturgeon. Robust blood chemistry databases can be used by aquaculturists and fish managers for monitoring sturgeon health.

Received July 8, 2011; accepted February 2, 2012     

膨化饲料在鲟鱼养殖生产中的应用效果分析

为研究膨化饲料在鲟鱼(sturgeon)养殖生产中的应用效果,设计试验网箱(使用膨化饲料),对照网箱(使用自制颗粒饲料)各4口,在水温16.1~19.2℃条件下进行鲟鱼养殖60d的对比试验。结果显示,在商品鲟鱼产出方面同类网箱之间差异不显著(P0.05),而试验网箱与对照网箱相比鱼体增重率、成活率、饵料系数以及养殖效益差异显著(P0.05)。