氨化秸秆饲料在冬季对水牛的饲养比较

为了探索氨化秸秆饲料在冬季对水牛的饲养效果，1996－12一叨～1997－02一兀日，我县畜牧局在独山县基长镇麻银村进行了氨化稻草与干稻草饲喂本地水牛的试验。时间m天，水牛m头，体重在250～ANkg，年龄3～4岁；试牛分为两组，每组30头，均经过预试驱虫、预防注射；氨化秸秆为当地稻草切短为3～scrn，加人7％的尿素（赤天化生产，含N＞扬％）氨化处理。试验组每天每头牛饲给氨化稻草匕哈，米糠1．skg；对照组每天每头牛饲给干稻草15kg，米糠1．skg，保证饮水。30天称重1次。结果，试验组水牛头均增重z＠g，对照组水牛增重为一sg。经生物统…     

利用塑料暖棚育肥绵羊推广试验

1995年12月～1996年2月在共和县恰卜恰乡进行了暖棚舍育肥绵羊推广试验，结果表明：试验群（塑料暖棚）平均增重5．19kg，对照群（敞圈）减重3．46kg，试验群比对照群损亡率降低5个百分点。羊均收益增加57元。表明在塑料暖棚内育肥绵羊是冬季育肥的一项有效技术措施。     

妊娠母牦牛冷季饲养模式的研究

为了探讨冷季暖棚夜宿+精料补饲对妊娠母牦牛体重、犊牛初生重的影响,选择同期配种,年龄、生理状况近似的母牦牛两群。通过抓阄的方法确定对照组和试验组,每组30头,11月1日~3月1日(冷季)对试验组母牦牛进行暖棚夜宿,3月1日~9月1日(妊娠后期及哺乳期)对试验组母牦牛进行补饲试验。结果表明,试验组母牛比对照组母牛多增重13.5kg,试验组比对照组犊牛初生重、四月龄体重平均增重3.5kg、21.8kg。经T检验均P0.01体重差异极显著。     

大通县耕畜繁殖场科技兴牧显威力

我场与青海省畜牧兽医科学院合作进行“牦牛复壮综合技术的研究”采取系列培育技术,取得以下成绩：5～6月牦犊牛半哺乳活重80kg以上,全哺乳110kg左右;冷季暖棚“三化秸秆”补饲89～90天增重7kg以上;12月龄不断奶,当年本交受孕,来年产犊;繁活率由40％提高到60％,效益显著。研究项目结束后,我场将购进优良杂种黄牛,与牦牛本交繁殖一代犏牛,解决人犊争奶,扩大牦犊牛全哺乳数量;采取正回杂交、互交育成新的牦牛品种群;推行屠宰5～6月龄乳犊,屠宰18月、30月龄青壮牛措施,加速牛群周转,使生产母牦牛超过60％;改进调制秸秆技术,使牦犊牛冷季暖棚补饲增重更上一个台阶。     

冬小麦秸秆不同处理饲喂肉牛的效果观察

将冬小麦秸秆经微贮、氨化处理后进行饲喂肉牛增重育肥试验,对照牛喂自然干麦秸。48 头供试牛(每组16 头),试验结果为:喂微贮麦秸组头均日增重0.89kg,喂氨化麦秸组头均日增重0.84kg,对照组头均日增重0.57kg。试验组与对照组比较差异极显著(P< 0.01),两试验组差异不显著(P> 0.05)。将各组耗料(包括精料、粗料)、增重按市价进行效益分析,60 天试验期结束,微贮组平均每头获得114.00 元,氨化组平均每头获利63.13 元,对照组平均每头亏损14.36 元。冬小麦秸杆处理后饲喂肉牛效果明显。微贮法优于氨化法,成本低,易操作,饲喂效果好,在农区应大力推广。     

母牦牛妊娠后期暖棚补饲对繁殖性能和后代犊牛育肥效果的影响

为了验证枯草期对母牦牛进行产前和产后7个月补饲对其来年繁殖性能和后代犊牛生长发育的影响,设计了枯草期妊娠母牦牛“产犊前5个月”+“产犊后2个月”暖棚补饲试验,方法是从2020年10月1日开始对试验组和对照组妊娠母牦牛白天放牧,夜间暖棚过夜,但试验组早上出牧前和黄昏归牧后精料补饲,对照组不补饲,试验于2021年4月30日结束,试验期共7个月。试验结果表明：试验组的妊娠母牦牛所产犊牛的繁殖成活率、公母犊牛平均初生重、母牦牛翌年发情时间、受胎率比对照组母牦牛分别高30%、2.94 kg和2.71 kg、40 d、45%,公母犊牛平均初生重差异极显著（P<0.01）。另对两组母牦牛所产后代犊牛进行短期集中育肥效果观测,结果表明：在相同的饲养条件下,试验期内试验组和对照组公、母牛的体重分别增长46.91 kg和41.74 kg、34.47 kg和30.35 kg,验期期内两组公母牛的日增重分别为52.12 g和46.38 g、38.30 g和33.72 g,试验组公母牛的日增重分别比对照组高13.82 g和12.22 g。通过本组试验得出如下结论：如果保证了母牦牛在妊娠期和哺乳前期的营养需要,不仅可以提高其来年繁殖性能,其后代犊牛的生长发育水平远高于不补饲母牦牛后代犊牛,进行育肥效果更明显。     

不同补饲水平对各生长阶段肉牛育肥效果的影响

选择1月龄、3月龄、1岁、2岁不同年龄段短本杂交牛各25头，放牧情况下，犊牛试验1组每头每天补饲配合饲料200g，试验2组每头每天补饲玉米200g；生长牛、育肥牛试验1组每头每天补饲配合饲料500g，拌麦麸2kg，试验2组每头每天补饲玉米500g，拌麦麸2kg。90天的补饲结果表明：不论各年龄段，均以补饲配合饲料组的增重效果和经济效益最好，补饲玉米组次之，并明显优于不补饲组。     

氨化玉米秸秆育肥秦川牛的试验报告

用氨化玉米秸秆育肥一周岁龄秦川牛,在每天每头补饲０．５ｋｇ精料,饲喂两次麸草和氨化玉米秸秆４ｋｇ,二个月内,试验组每头平均增重２０．７２ｋｇ,比直接饲喂没有氨化的玉米秸秆组（１２．６７ｋｇ）多增重８．０５ｋｇ,试验组比对照组平均每头多收入４５．５１元,效益明显。     

秸秆微贮饲料养牛效果研究

选择体格体重基本一致的１￣１．５年丹郏改良肉牛６０头，随机分为饲喂氨化秸秆、微贮秸秆，对照三组，每组２０头，试验前，后对三组牛进行空腹称重，记录每组饲用秸秆量，核算饲养成本，且对处理后的秸秆进行理论分析。结果表明，麦秸经微贮活干菌发酵后有沈郁的有机酸味和果香味，粗蛋白提高１０．６７％，有机酸提高１０．２４％，每头占比对照组净增效益１２０元，比氨化秸秆组多增效益１７元，而投资不足其２０％。     

利用日光暖棚、纯天然饲料快速育肥肉牛试验

利用目光“两用”暖棚,在纯天然饲料的条件下对肉牛进行育肥试验。90天后,试验组肉牛平均增重90．30kg．比对照组多增重57．00kg;日增重1000g,比对照组日增重多63g。纯收入试验组每头达651.2元,对照组每头牛育肥期满倒赔32．4元。     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.