Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activity of Melia azedarach L. naturalized in Anatolia and its phenolic acid and fatty acid composition

In the present study, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of the fruit and leaf extracts of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) of Turkish origin were evaluated. Enzyme inhibitory activity of the extracts was tested in vitro using ELISA microplate reader. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferrous ion-chelation, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Phenolic composition of the extracts was elucidated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fatty acid compositions of the fatty oils of the fruits and leaves were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The ethyl acetate extract from the leaves showed the highest inhibition against AChE (33.63 ± 1.40%) and BChE (92.89 ± 3.05%). The methanol extract from the leaves exerted the best antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assays, while the ethyl acetate extracts of the fruits and leaves had the most notable effect in metal-chelation assay.     

Studies on bioactivities of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) fruit peel extracts: Antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro

Tea fruit peel is the main byproduct during manufacture of tea seed oil. The great increase in tea seed oil production in recent years brings the challenge of finding application for tea fruit peel. The aims of this study were to obtain tea fruit peel extracts enriched with bioactive compounds by several solvent extraction methods and to evaluate their antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro. Flavonoids and phenolics were accumulated in ethyl acetate, butanol, and chloroform fractions, and these fractions possessed much better antioxidant activities, including scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radicals (ABTS⁺), and reducing activity, compared with those of the 75% ethanol extract and water fraction. Moreover, the ethyl acetate, butanol, and chloroform fractions exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, much stronger than that of the positive control (acarbose). These fractions also showed mild inhibition on α-amylase activity.     

鹅掌柴提取物的抗氧化活性

从清除超氧阴离子自由基(O-2)、还原力、清除DPPH自由基、清除羟基自由基(·OH)等方面,研究鹅掌柴提取物的抗氧化活性.结果表明:鹅掌柴提取物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力较强,清除率分别为78.57%和74.99%,对脂质体过氧化的的抑制率为21.41%;与VE、VC、BHT相比,鹅掌柴提取物的还原能力和对Fe2+的络合能力也较强;但对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力较弱.因此.鹅掌柴提取物是一种抗氧化功效较强的活性物质,具有很好的保健功能.     

苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗氧化活性研究

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征（包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析）和体外抗氧化活性（清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力）研究。结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系。     

椰子种皮油提取物的抗氧化活性研究

测定椰子种皮油提取物中的总酚含量,对羟基自由基、DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）自由基、ABTS（2,2连氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻咪唑-6-磺酸）自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力等抗氧化活性指标。结果表明,椰子种皮油提取物中含有较高的总酚含量（68 mg/g）,提取物浓度为0.1 mg/mL时对羟基自由基的清除率为56.89％,对DPPH自由基的清除率为71.0％,对ABTS自由基的清除率为96.4％,表明椰子种皮油提取物具有很好的抗氧化活性。     

槟榔红色素的抗氧化活性

测定槟榔红色素(areca red pigment,AP)对 DPPH·和·OH的清除能力、对脂质体过氧化的抑制能力、对Fe2+的络合能力,并测定其还原能力.结果表明:槟榔色素对DPPH·、·OH的清除能力较强:对脂质体过氧化的抑制能力很强,抑制率高达79.84%;与VE、没食子酸(gallic acid,GA)、BHT相比,槟榔色素的还原力、对Fe2+的络合能力较弱.说明槟榔红色素是较好的抗氧化剂.     

山苍子雌花和雄花精油成分分析及抗氧化研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别从山苍子雌花和雄花中提取精油，并通过GC-MS气质联用仪对其成分分析，从山苍子雌花精油中鉴定出47种化合物，占总峰面积的98.44％，山苍子雄花精油中鉴定出43种化合物，占总峰面积的98.04％。采用体外抗氧化活性测定法，表明山苍子雌花和雄花精油具有一定的抗氧化活性。还原力测定IC50值，雄花为2.330 mg/mL，雌花为1.473 mg/mL；清除DPPH自由基IC50值，雄花为41.62 mg/mL，雌花为9.663 mg/mL；清除羟自由基IC50值，雄花为56.95 mg/mL，雌花为77.98 mg/mL。     

露兜果实的抗氧化及抗菌活性研究

采用分光光度法,考察露兜果实浸膏的多酚含量及其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵(ABTS)自由基和羟自由基的清除活性,并采用生物自显影技术,考察露兜果实浸膏对马铃薯炭疽病菌、草莓炭疽病菌及黄柏炭疽病菌的抑制作用。结果表明：露兜果实浸膏中多酚含量为152.6 μg/mg,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟自由基均具有一定的清除活性,且呈现量效关系;此外,还发现其对马铃薯炭疽病菌和草莓炭疽病菌的生长均有一定的抑制作用。     

Phytochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Wild Blueberries and Lingonberries

Among Vaccinium species, blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) are popular in the human diet. In this study, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total monomeric anthocyanin contents in the ethanol-water extracts of blueberry and lingonberry fruits grown wild in the forests in the central region of Poland were assayed. Antioxidant activities of the extracts from each plant were also evaluated for scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and reducing power by cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method. Total phenolics in the blueberry extracts ranged from 4.58 to 5.28 mg GAE CE/g fw. The extracts from lingonberry fruits contained higher total contents of phenolic compounds (5.82–7.60 mg GAE/g fw) as well as total flavonoids (5.22–6.47 μmol CE/g fw) than those from blueberries (3.74–4.18 μmol CE/g fw). For the total monomeric anthocyanin contents, the blueberry extracts presented significantly higher values (3.01–3.93 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) equivalent/g fw) in comparison to the lingonberry extracts (0.32–0.47). Blueberry extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity measured by both assays in comparison to lingonberry extracts. Water extracts from fresh and dried fruits also exhibited significant antioxidant activities for both types of berries. Considering the health benefits that have been associated with polyphenolic consumption, these fruits could appear as a good source of this group of phytochemical compounds for their direct consumption or their use as ingredients for the design of new food products or food supplements.     

吲哚丁酸的体外抗氧化活性研究

研究吲哚丁酸的体外抗氧化活性,包括DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和过氧化氢的清除能力,以及金属螯合活性和还原力。结果表明,吲哚丁酸具有显著的抗氧化活性,且与吲哚乙酸相当,其对DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除作用、螯合力、还原能力均高于萘乙酸和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸,而对Fe2+的络合能力与没食子酸无显著差异。     

椰花醋的抗氧化活性

以没食子酸为对照.研究椰花醋对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力、Fe2+的络合能力以及Fe3+的还原能力.结果表明,椰花醋具有显著的抗氧化性,对DPPH自由基清除作用和Fe3+的还原能力均低于没食子酸:而对羟基自由基的清除作用和Fe2+的络合能力则高于没食子酸.     

Chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Artemisia annua L. from Bosnia

Hydrodistilled volatile oil obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua L., cultivated near Sarajevo, Bosnia, was analyzed by GC-MS. More than one hundred compounds were identi?ed, representing 95.5% of the total oil. The major constituents of essential oil were oxygenated monoterpenes, artemisia ketone (30.7%) and camphor (15.8%). Isolated essential oil was tested for radical-scavenging ability using the stable DPPH radical, the ABTS radical, for reducing power ability with a test based on the reduction of ferric cations, for reducing ability of hydroxy radical in ORAC assay, and for metal chelating ability using the ferrozine assay. In all tests oil did not show a prominent antioxidant activity, but still comparable with thymol, an already known antioxidant. The screening of antimicrobial activity of oil was individually evaluated against representatives of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, using the agar diffusion method. All tested microorganisms were inhibited by essential oil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antimicrobial activity of essential oil of A. annua against Haemophilus influenzae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus and Candida krusei microbial strains. The antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oil of A. annua from Bosnia is presented here for the first time and extends our knowledge in the range of valuable biological activities and possible roles in therapy associated with this medicinal herb.     

椰肉中醇溶蛋白抗氧化活性

从脂质过氧化的抑制作用、对DPPH自由基(DPPH.)的清除作用、羟基自由基(·0H)的清除作用、Fe2+的络合能力等几个方面研究椰子醇溶蛋白的抗氧化活性,并以BHT、没食子酸,VE做为对照.结果表明,椰子醇溶蛋白对Fe2+具有很强的络合能力.对DPPH·有较强的清除能力,同时具有一定的清除·OH能力和还原能力,但其抑制脂质体过氧化作用的能力较弱.这表明椰子醇溶蛋白有较好的抗氧化活性,但其溶解性限制了其在脂溶性食品中的应用.     

椰子纳塔培养液的抗氧化活性

以新鲜和发酵后椰子纳塔培养液提取物为试验材料,在测定提取物总酚含量的基础上(总酚含量新鲜纳塔培养液提取物1.86mg/mL±0.01 mg/mL,发酵纳塔培养液提取物1.36mg/mL±0.01 mg/mL),研究了2种培养液提取物对脂质过氧化的抑制作用、DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除作用、Fe~(2+)的络合能力以及Fe~(3+)的还原能力,同时以BHT、没食子酸为对照.结果表明,2种培养液提取物均具有明显的抗氧化性.新鲜培养液对脂质过氧化的抑制作用、DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除作用、Fe~(2+)络合能力、Fe~(3+)的还原能力均高于发酵后培养液提取物的其作用.     

Preparation and Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Dimers with Different Sequences

As a popular marine saccharide, chitooligosaccharides (COS) has been proven to have good antioxidant activity. Its antioxidant effect is closely related to its degree of polymerization, degree of acetylation and sequence. However, the specific structure–activity relationship remains unclear. In this study, three chitosan dimers with different sequences were obtained by the separation and enzymatic method, and the antioxidant activity of all four chitosan dimers were studied. The effect of COS sequence on its antioxidant activity was revealed for the first time. The amino group at the reducing end plays a vital role in scavenging superoxide radicals and in the reducing power of the chitosan dimer. At the same time, we found that the fully deacetylated chitosan dimer DD showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity. When the amino groups of the chitosan dimer were acetylated, it showed better activity in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. Research on COS sequences opens up a new path for the study of COS, and is more conducive to the investigation of its mechanism.     

胡萝卜多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

采用热水浸提法从胡萝卜中提取胡萝卜多糖,通过测定胡萝卜多糖对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2.)、羟基自由基(.OH)、DPPH自由基的清除能力以及对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化的抑制作用,研究其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,胡萝卜多糖对.OH、O-2.、DPPH自由基具有较强的清除能力,对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化具有一定的抑制作用,因此胡萝卜多糖具有良好的体外抗氧化活性。     

金柑果皮精油超声波辅助提取工艺优化及其抑菌、抗氧化活性

采用响应面法对金柑果皮精油超声波辅助提取提取工艺条件进行优化,并对金柑果皮精油的抑菌和抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,金柑果皮精油超声波辅助提取的最佳工艺条件为:液料比27∶1 m L/g、超声时间1.25 h、超声波功率300 W。在此条件下,金柑果皮精油得率为2.24%,与理论预测值基本一致。金柑果皮精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、黑曲霉、酵母菌均有一定抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度分别为1.0%、0.5%、0.5%、0.5%、0.1%。抗氧化活性结果表明,金柑果皮精油对食用油脂的货架期有一定的延缓作用,具有一定的清除羟自由基、DPPH自由基的能力和总抗氧化能力。     

Preliminary Characterization,Antioxidant Properties and Production of Chrysolaminarin from Marine Diatom Odontella aurita

A new chrysolaminarin, named CL2, with a molecular mass of 7.75 kDa, was purified from the marine diatom, Odontella aurita, using DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel-filtration chromatography. The monosaccharide and structural analysis revealed that CL2 was a glucan mainly composed of glucose, which was linked by the β-d-(1→3) (main chain) and β-d-(1→6) (side chain) glycosidic bond, demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antioxidant activity tests revealed that the CL2 presented stronger hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with increasing concentrations, but less was effective on reducing power analysis and scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The influences of nitrogen concentration and light intensity on chrysolaminarin production of O. aurita were further investigated in a glass column photobioreactor, and a record high chrysolaminarin productivity of 306 mg L⁻¹ day⁻¹ was achieved. In conclusion, the chrysolaminarin CL2 from O. aurita may be explored as a natural antioxidant agent for application in aquaculture, food and pharmaceutical areas.     

Evaluation of the Total Antioxidant Capacity,Polyphenol Contents and Starch Hydrolase Inhibitory Activity of Ten Edible Plants in an In vitro Model of Digestion

The total phenolics contents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and starch hydrolase inhibitory activity of the aqueous extracts of 10 edible plants and the stability of these parameters after the gastric and duodenal digestion in an in vitro model was investigated. The TAC was evaluated using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH?) and 2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS?+) radical scavenging assays. Characterization and quantification of five polyphenol compounds which were previously identified to be present in all the selected plants were carried out. None of the extracts showed a decrease in the total phenolics content or the ORAC and FRAP values following digestion. None of the quantified phenolic compounds had decreased during any of the digestion phases – an observation which was deemed as beneficial in terms of therapeutic properties. Overall, the parameters analyzed were relatively stable throughout the digestive process in all the extracts.

     

云南普洱茶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

以芦丁与Vc为对照,测定云南普洱茶不同溶剂提取物清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、亚硝酸盐的能力及其还原力.结果表明:普洱茶不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性与其浓度成正相关,对DPPH自由基、羟自由基与超氧阴离子有较强的清除作用,对亚硝酸盐的清除作用不明显,具有一定的还原力.其中,乙醇沉析物、正丁醇提取物、乙醇提取物、乙醇溶解物对DPPH.自由基清除效果较好,相同浓度下优于芦丁;水提取物、乙醇沉析物及乙酸乙酯提取物对羟自由基清除效果较好,但效果不如Vc;乙酸乙酯提取物对超氧阴离子自由基和亚硝酸盐的清除作用较好,还原力也很强.