Preparation and bioactivity evaluation of low salt peptide from sunf lower seed meal

Sunflower seed meal peptide as one sort of bioactive peptide has intensively application prospects. However, preparation of low salt peptide from sunflower seed meal with high efficiency remains a challenge. In this study, single and compound proteases were optimized to hydrolyze protein. Results showed that hydrolysis at pH 7.0 by proteases resulted in ash content in the range of 5.66%-7.37% and small peptides. Among all hydrolysis processes, sequential hydrolysis of Alcalase with Flavourzyme and Alcalase with Protamex showed higher nitrogen recovery ratio (67.66% and 66.49%, respectively). Furthermore, biological activities of peptides were investigated by testing their ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylben-zothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging activity and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Peptide hydrolyzed by Alcalase with Papain presented the highest antioxidant activity, followed by Alcalase with Protamex, with ABTS scavenging rate as 63.01% and 31.75%, and DPPH scavenging rate as 56.04% and 28.06%, respectively. Synchronously, peptide hydrolyzed by Alcalase with Protamex and Alcalase with Alcalase had the highest ACE inhibitory activity (56.74%, 56.76%). In conclusion, hydrolysis by proteases Alcalase with Protamex at pH 7.0 was the most effective method for the preparation of low salt peptide from sunflower seed meal, which could be an alternative for anti-oxidants and anti-vasoconstrictor.     

茶叶水溶性膳食纤维的制备及其理化特性的研究

对酶法提物茶叶水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的工艺及其理化性能进行研究,探讨了料液比、pH值、酶添加量、温度及时间对SDF提取率的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过L16(45)正交试验确定最佳提取工艺。结果表明:pH值对茶叶SDF提取的影响最大,其次依次为温度、酶添加量、时间、料液比;茶叶SDF提取的最佳工艺为:温度60℃、酶添加量0.08g/g、pH值9.0、时间2.0h、料液比1∶20,提取率达53.72%,所得SDF具有较好持水力、膨胀力和持油力,对胆固醇、胆酸钠也有一定吸附作用,为一种优质膳食纤维。     

水相酶解提取花生蛋白质及油脂的工艺优化

对花生采用水相酶解法制油与蛋白质提取，与水剂法相比能显著提高油反蛋白质得率；在对不同的酶对比使用后发现，使用包含纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶的复合酶效果比单一酶好；经优化实验得出酶处理的最适参数为：加酶量0．3％，酶反应时间4h、pH6．4、温度49℃，此条件下，花生油反花生蛋白质得率可分别达95．4％和74．6％。     

乙醇水剂法提取武夷水仙茶叶籽油及其品质分析

以武夷水仙茶叶籽为原料,采用乙醇水剂法提取武夷水仙茶叶籽油,通过单因素试验考察了提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度和pH对提取率的影响,并采用正交试验设计优化了提取工艺条件.结果显示,武夷水仙茶叶籽油最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度30％(V/V)、料液比1:7、pH 9、提取温度60℃,在该条件下武夷水仙茶叶籽油提取率为93.61％....     

花生蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解物对血管紧张素转化酶抑制作用的初步研究

分别以碱性蛋白酶Alcalase和中性蛋白酶Neutrase对花生分离蛋白进行水解．制备花生分离蛋白水解物．并测定不同水解时间所得产物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制活性。未水解的花生分离蛋白没有ACE抑制活性．用中性蛋白酶Neutrase水解所得的水解物显示弱ACE抑制活性。然而，碱性蛋白酶Alcalasc水解物具有很强的ACE抑制活性．水解0．5h时水解物活性最高，其半抑制浓度为(IC50)0．56mg／mL。本研究表明，当用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解时，花生分离蛋白是生产ACE抑制肽的良好蛋白质来源，花生分离蛋白碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解物可作为具有降压功能的功能食品添料。     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction and profile characteristics of seed oil from Isatis indigotica Fort

In order to further exploit the by-products of Isatis indigotica Fort., the seed oil was studied for its extraction and physicochemical properties. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used, and the parameters affecting seed oil recovery were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were as follows: solvent-to-sample, 24:1; particle size, 110 meshes; extraction temperature, 49 °C; and extraction time, 44 min. Which resulted in a maximum oil recovery of 81.20 ± 0.21% (n = 3). Furthermore, the effects of UAE on the yield, fatty acid compositions, physicochemical properties, and microstructure of the seed powder were also investigated by calculating the recovery rate, utilizing a gas chromatograph fitted with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and performing scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results show that UAE was an effective method for the seed oil extraction and the high content of unsaturated fatty acids (93.81%) demonstrates the oil has potential benefits for the cosmetics, edible products, or pharmaceutical industries.     

Biological Properties of Fucoxanthin in Oil Recovered from Two Brown Seaweeds Using Supercritical CO2 Extraction

The bioactive materials in brown seaweeds hold great interest for developing new drugs and healthy foods. The oil content in brown seaweeds (Saccharina japonica and Sargassum horneri) was extracted by using environmentally friendly supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) with ethanol as a co-solvent in a semi-batch flow extraction process and compared the results with a conventional extraction process using hexane, ethanol, and acetone mixed with methanol (1:1, v/v). The SC-CO₂ method was used at a temperature of 45 °C and pressure of 250 bar. The flow rate of CO₂ (27 g/min) was constant for the entire extraction period of 2 h. The obtained oil from the brown seaweeds was analyzed to determine their valuable compounds such as fatty acids, phenolic compounds, fucoxanthin and biological properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antihypertension effects. The amounts of fucoxanthin extracted from the SC-CO₂ oils of S. japonica and S. horneri were 0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.77 ± 0.07 mg/g, respectively. High antihypertensive activity was detected when using mixed acetone and methanol, whereas the phenolic content and antioxidant property were higher in the oil extracted by SC-CO₂. The acetone–methanol mix extracts exhibited better antimicrobial activities than those obtained by other means. Thus, the SC-CO₂ extraction process appears to be a good method for obtaining valuable compounds from both brown seaweeds, and showed stronger biological activity than that obtained by the conventional extraction process.     

Oil separation from wet-milled corn germ dispersions by aqueous oil extraction and aqueous enzymatic oil extraction

The many recent dry-grind plants that convert corn to ethanol are a potential source of substantial amounts of corn oil, if an economical method of separating it can be developed. Oil separation from corn germ by aqueous extraction (AE) was studied. Batches of 5–20% germ in a buffer solution were preheated in a pressure cooker, ground in a blender or colloid mill, churned in an incubator/shaker and centrifuged to separate a free oil fraction. The highest oil yields were obtained when the germ mass fraction was between 0.1 and 0.16. Addition of an enzyme solution to the ground germ suspension prior to churning, aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) gave an oil yield twice as high as the AE yield, carried out using similar conditions. Both types of extraction produced the most oil after a 122 °C cook followed by churning at 160 rpm and 70 °C. Oil yield increased linearly with dispersion loading, from 0.5 up to 1.0 g/cm² based on beaker cross-section (0.09–0.12 germ mass fraction). Over a several month period the germ used for the extractions became more difficult to extract, despite storage at 4 °C.     

Extraction of oil from Jatropha curcas L. seed kernels by enzyme assisted three phase partitioning

Three phase partitioning has been evaluated for extraction of oil from Jatropha curcas L. seeds. This process consisted of simultaneous addition of t-butanol (1:1, v/v) and 30% (w/v) ammonium sulphate to the slurry prepared from Jatropha seed kernels. Combination of sonication and enzyme treatment with a commercial preparation of fungal proteases at pH 9, led to 97% oil yield within 2 h.     

Comparative seasonal variation and chemical composition of essential oils from the leaves and stems of Schefflera heptaphylla using microwave-assisted and conventional hydrodistillation

Two different isolation techniques, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and conventional hydrodistillation (HD), were used to extract the volatile constituents from the leaves and stems of Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin harvested during four different seasons, which were subsequently analyzed via gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. MAHD is more advantageous than HD in terms of energy savings and extraction time (60 min vs. 180 min for MAHD vs. HD). Large variations in the composition among the different oils were observed. The seasonal changes in the percentages of the main constituents of the oils were irregular; this affected the quantity and composition of the oil. Oil yield was affected by the method of extraction and seasonal changes. It ranged from 0.11% to 0.27%, with the maximum amount of oil extracted from the leaves using MAHD in winter and the minimum from the stem oil extraction using HD in spring. The essential oil content varied significantly with the season. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons constituted the major portion of the essential oils. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were highest in the leaf oil extraction by HD during winter (88.6%) and lowest in the stem oil extraction by HD during spring (56.3%). Microwave irradiation did not adversely affect the composition of the essential oils. MAHD, indeed, is a modern, green, and fast technology.     

Microemulsion-based palm kernel oil extraction using mixed surfactant solutions

This study introduces a novel technique using surfactant microemulsion-based oil seed extraction. To achieve this objective, microemulsion formation with palm kernel oil was studied first. Then, the selected microemulsion system was used for palm kernel extraction. The results showed that the mixed surfactant of 3 wt% Comperlan KD and either 0.1 wt% Alfoterra145-5PO or 145-8PO provided an ultralow interfacial tension with the palm kernel oil (0.0197 and 0.0359 mN/m, respectively). By using those two aqueous surfactant systems for palm kernel oil extraction, the extraction efficiency was 93.99 and 94.13% at the optimum crushed kernel size between 0.212 and 0.425 mm, using 1 g seed load to 10 ml of solution and 30 min of contact time. The extracted oil quality was evaluated for water content, fatty acids composition and surfactant partitioning into oil phase. The results showed that the quality of the oil obtained using the surfactant microemulsion-based technique is of similar or better quality than when extracted by hexane solvent.     

响应面优化亚临界萃取菜籽低温压榨饼中油脂的工艺及其品质评价

采用Box-Behnken响应面设计优化亚临界萃取菜籽低温压榨饼中油脂的工艺，并将所得油的品质与正已烷、超临界CO2萃取油进行比较。结果表明：液料比和萃取时间对油脂提取率的影响极显著(p<0.01)；液料比与萃取时间存在显著的交互作用（p<0.05）；经优化后，在35℃下，设定液料比为8.3 mL/g，萃取90 min，菜籽油的提取率最高达95.10%。通过亚临界萃取得到的菜籽油磷含量为113.20mg/kg，约为正已烷萃取菜籽油(磷含量232.48mg/kg)的一半，油脂酸价与过氧化值都较正已烷萃取菜籽油低；亚临界萃取的菜籽油除磷含量与超临界萃取菜籽油差异显著外，其它品质指标，如酸价、过氧化值、甾醇及生育酚含量均与超临界萃取油差异不明显。     

酶法制备大豆多肽的研究

本文研究了以Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶水解大豆蛋白制备大豆肽的工艺。确定了酶水解的最佳温度、底物浓度、酶与底物浓度比,得到了Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的最佳水解工艺。     

澳洲坚果油超声波辅助提取工艺优化及其理化性质

为提高澳洲坚果油提取得率并获得高品质油脂,采用超声波辅助法提取澳洲坚果油,并分析提取油脂的理化性质。首先通过单因素实验考察了提取溶剂、超声功率、超声时间以及液料比对提取率的影响,然后通过响应面法优化了提取工艺参数。结果表明,正己烷对澳洲坚果油提取率较高;适当增加超声波功率、超声时间以及溶剂量,澳洲坚果油得率均随之增加;通过响应面优化,超声波辅助提取澳洲坚果油的最佳提取条件为：液料比为9.6∶1（mL/g）,超声功率为520 W,超声时间为32 min,澳洲坚果油得率达69.1%,2次提取总得率达96.3%。研究结果表明超声波辅助提取是一种有效的油脂提取方法,从脂肪酸成分比例及理化性质来看,澳洲坚果油营养价值较高。     

纤维素酶辅助法提取柚子皮中多糖的工艺研究

目的纤维素酶辅助法在柚子皮多糖提取的应用。并筛选出最佳提取条件。方法采取单因素及正交实验的方法,对料液比、反映时间、酶解温度、pH值以及酶含量进行考察,以柚子皮多糖的提取量作为评价指标,找到最佳提取条件。结果酶辅助提取的最佳提取工艺：料液比1：30、反映时间5．5h、酶解温度60℃、pH值5．5、酶含量0．1％。结论纤维素酶辅助法可作为柚子皮多糖提取的一种有效方法。     

Preparation,Identification, Molecular Docking Study and Protective Function on HUVECs of Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptides from Protein Hydrolysate of Skipjack Tuna Muscle

To prepare bioactive peptides with high angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory (ACEi) activity, Alcalase was selected from five kinds of protease for hydrolyzing Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) muscle, and its best hydrolysis conditions were optimized using single factor and response surface experiments. Then, the high ACEi protein hydrolysate (TMPH) of skipjack tuna muscle was prepared using Alcalase under the optimum conditions of enzyme dose 2.3%, enzymolysis temperature 56.2 °C, and pH 9.4, and its ACEi activity reached 72.71% at 1.0 mg/mL. Subsequently, six novel ACEi peptides were prepared from TMPH using ultrafiltration and chromatography methods and were identified as Ser-Pro (SP), Val-Asp-Arg-Tyr-Phe (VDRYF), Val-His-Gly-Val-Val (VHGVV), Tyr-Glu (YE), Phe-Glu-Met (FEM), and Phe-Trp-Arg-Val (FWRV), with molecular weights of 202.3, 698.9, 509.7, 310.4, 425.6, and 606.8 Da, respectively. SP and VDRYF displayed noticeable ACEi activity, with IC₅₀ values of 0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.28 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking analysis illustrated that the high ACEi activity of SP and VDRYF was attributed to effective interaction with the active sites/pockets of ACE by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, SP and VDRYF could significantly up-regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and down-regulate endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in HUVECs after 24 h treatment, but also abolish the negative effect of 0.5 μM norepinephrine (NE) on the generation of NO and ET-1. Therefore, ACEi peptides derived from skipjack tuna (K. pelamis) muscle, especially SP and VDRYF, are beneficial components for functional food against hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.     

In Vitro Bioactivity of Astaxanthin and Peptides from Hydrolisates of Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) By-Products: From the Extraction Process to Biological Effect Evaluation,as Pilot Actions for the Strategy “From Waste to Profit”

Non-edible parts of crustaceans could be a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds such as the carotenoid astaxanthin and peptides, which have well-recognized beneficial effects. These compounds are widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and their market is rapidly growing, suggesting the need to find alternative sources. The aim of this work was to set up a pilot-scale protocol for the reutilization of by-products of processed shrimp, in order to address the utilization of this valuable biomass for nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals application, through the extraction of astaxanthin-enriched oil and antioxidant-rich protein hydrolysates. Astaxanthin (AST) was obtained using “green extraction methods,” such as using fish oil and different fatty acid ethyl esters as solvents and through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), whereas bioactive peptides were obtained by protease hydrolysis. Both astaxanthin and bioactive peptides exhibited bioactive properties in vitro in cellular model systems, such as antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities (IA). The results show higher astaxanthin yields in ethyl esters fatty acids (TFA) extraction and significant enrichment by short-path distillation (SPD) up to 114.80 ± 1.23 µg/mL. Peptide fractions of <3 kDa and 3–5 kDa exhibited greater antioxidant activity while the fraction 5–10 kDa exhibited a better ACE-IA. Lower-molecular-weight bioactive peptides and astaxanthin extracted using supercritical fluids showed protective effects against oxidative damage in 142BR and in 3T3 cell lines. These results suggest that “green” extraction methods allow us to obtain high-quality bioactive compounds from large volumes of shrimp waste for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.     

Characterization of biodiesel and bio-oil from Sterculia striata (chicha) oil

This work describes the mechanical and solvent extraction of Sterculia striata seed oil. It was determined that the seeds contain up to 41% in oil, which has an unusual composition. Indeed, up to 50% of the fatty acid contain cyclopropenoid ring. The oil was used as raw material to produce bio-oil and biodiesel and their physical-chemical properties were evaluated. Some of the studied physical-chemical properties of the S. striata biodiesel are in acceptable range for use as biodiesel in diesel engines, showing a promising economic exploitation of this raw material in semi-arid regions. It was also observed that the cyclopropenoid ring remains after transesterification and is decomposed during pyrolysis.     

LC-PUFA-Enriched Oil Production by Microalgae: Accumulation of Lipid and Triacylglycerols Containing n-3 LC-PUFA Is Triggered by Nitrogen Limitation and Inorganic Carbon Availability in the Marine Haptophyte Pavlova lutheri

In most microalgal species, triacyglycerols (TAG) contain mostly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, rather than PUFA, while PUFA-enriched oil is the form most desirable for dietary intake. The ability of some species to produce LC-PUFA-enriched oil is currently of specific interest. In this work, we investigated the role of sodium bicarbonate availability on lipid accumulation and n-3 LC-PUFA partitioning into TAG during batch cultivation of Pavlova lutheri. Maximum growth and nitrate uptake exhibit an optimum concentration and threshold tolerance to bicarbonate addition (~9 mM) above which both parameters decreased. Nonetheless, the transient highest cellular lipid and TAG contents were obtained at 18 mM bicarbonate, immediately after combined alkaline pH stress and nitrate depletion (day nine), while oil body and TAG accumulation were highly repressed with low carbon supply (2 mM). Despite decreases in the proportions of EPA and DHA, maximum volumetric and cellular EPA and DHA contents were obtained at this stage due to accumulation of TAG containing EPA/DHA. TAG accounted for 74% of the total fatty acid per cell, containing 55% and 67% of the overall cellular EPA and DHA contents, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that inorganic carbon availability and elevated pH represent two limiting factors for lipid and TAG accumulation, as well as n-3 LC-PUFA partitioning into TAG, under nutrient-depleted P. lutheri cultures.     

Variations in essential oil yield and composition during Cinnamomum cassia bark growth

To extract essential oil for industrial use, the yields and compositions of bark oil during Cinnamomum cassia growth (1-3 years old for the branch bark; 5-12 years old for the stem bark) were determined. The branch bark fraction had a higher essential oil yield than the whole branch. The essential oil yield from branch bark varied within 2.70-3.11% (w/w), while that from stem bark was 0.41-2.61% (w/w) due to differences in age and segment (top, center and lower) of the tree. There were 41 volatile compounds identified in bark oil, among which the majority presented high fluctuations in percentage of composition both in different growth stages and segments. Variations in oil yields did not present the same pattern as the percentages of trans-cinnamaldehyde. The results suggest that choosing bark according to trees’ growth stages and separating stem barks into top, center and lower sections within a tree should significantly improve the extraction efficiency.