外源性孕酮对牛卵母细胞体外核成熟的影响

了研究外源性孕酮对牛卵母细胞体外核成熟的作用,通过向成熟培养液中添加10 μg/mL FSH +10 μg/mL LH（对照组）和0 ng/mL、10 ng/mL、100 ng/mL、1000 ng/mL的外源性孕酮,对牛卵丘卵母细胞复合体进行体外成熟培养,在培养8 h后用醋酸地衣红染色观察各自的生发泡破裂率,然后在成熟22 h统计第一极体率,体外受精后7~8天统计囊胚率。结果表明,对照组卵母细胞的生发泡破裂率(75.0%)和极体率(79.6%)均明显高于添加不同浓度孕酮的各处理组(P<0.05),而囊胚率各组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,外源性孕酮不能促进牛卵母细胞的核成熟,单独添加外源性孕酮不能起到与内源性孕酮相同的作用。     

接骨木硬枝扦插繁殖技术研究

以2年生接骨木无性系硬枝为试验材料,对其扦插最适生根剂种类及浓度进行探讨。结果表明：生根剂ABT1、NAA、IBA对接骨木硬枝扦插生根率平均值分别为62.5%、71.6%、73.4%,其中200 μg/mL的NAA处理2 h,平均扦插生根率达80.6%;枝条下部(80.5%)、中部(78.3%)的插穗生根效果明显优于上部(51.4%);不论哪种生根剂,上部插穗的平均根长及根数均小于中部和下部;不同部位插穗平均叶片数变化不大,而抽枝长度变化较大,其中下部插穗在200 μg/mL的NAA处理2 h,平均抽枝长度达15.75 cm。接骨木硬枝扦插以愈伤组织生根为主,属于愈伤组织生根类型。结合生根率及各生长性状综合评价接骨木硬枝扦插繁殖效率,最适生根剂种类及浓度为100 μg/mL的NAA处理1 h。研究结论对提高接骨木硬枝扦插繁殖系数具有重要意义。     

化学脱叶催熟剂对早熟陆地棉新陆早51号应用效果的研究

采用2种脱叶剂,设置不同的用量处理,研究化学脱叶催熟剂对早熟陆地棉新陆早51号脱叶率、吐絮率、产量和纤维品质的影响。喷施2种脱叶剂18d后,脱吐隆3个剂量处理的脱叶率差异极显著,处理A〔脱吐隆+乙烯利(150g+1800mL/hm²)」要显著低于处理B[脱吐隆+乙烯利(225g+1800mL/hm²」和C[脱吐隆+乙烯利(300g+1800mL/hm²」;80%瑞脱隆3个剂量处理的脱叶率差异不显著,均在95%左右。不同处理的2种药剂对单铃重、产量和纤维品质影响不显著。从试验结果和成本效益考虑,新陆早51号施用脱吐隆2258+乙烯利1800mL/hm²或80%瑞脱隆300g+乙烯利1800mL/hm²较为经济。     

宁夏地区大籽蒿精油成分分析及其抑菌性研究

为探究宁夏大籽蒿(Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd.)精油成分、抑菌功能及安全性,采用水蒸气蒸馏法进行精油提取,通过气相色谱-质谱连用法(GC-MS)进行成分分析,采用滤纸片法测定其对3种菌的抑菌圈直径,测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并通过cck-8法检测大籽蒿精油对于2种皮肤细胞的毒性作用。结果表明,宁夏大籽蒿精油的主要成分为母菊薁(29.61%),樟脑(4.80%)、桉叶油醇(4.32%)、异木香酸甲酯(4.02%);精油对铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.0781 μg/mL,最低杀菌浓度为0.3125 μg/mL;金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为0.0195 μg/mL,MBC为0.078125 μg/mL;当精油浓度小于100 μg/mL时对角质细胞(HaCaT)和皮肤成纤维细胞(NHSF)均无毒性。综上,宁夏地区大籽蒿精油具有较强的抑菌活性且安全性较高,以上结果为宁夏大籽蒿精油开发提供理论依据,以期为当地脱贫致富提供科技支撑。     

高效液相色谱法测定羧甲基壳聚糖/水杨酸处理的葡萄柚果实中水杨酸含量

以葡萄柚果实为试材,分别采用三氯乙酸/乙醚、三氯乙酸/三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯/环己烷提取果皮水杨酸,采用高效液相色谱法测定其含量,筛选得出简单易行的提取及测定葡萄柚果皮水杨酸含量的方法.利用此方法对15 g/L羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)、200mg/L水杨酸(SA)单独及复合处理的葡萄柚果皮内源水杨酸含量进行测定分析.结果表明,可采用三氯乙酸/乙醚从葡萄柚果皮提取的水杨酸分离效果较好,测定最佳色谱条件为:Eclipse XDB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相0.2 mol/L pH 5.5乙酸钠缓冲溶液-甲醇(40∶60),检测波长296 nm,流速0.8 mL/min,进样量5 μL.水杨酸质量浓度在3.91～500 μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系,处理样品果皮的游离态水杨酸含量范围为18～47.6 μg/g,结合态水杨酸含量范围是68.05～73.85 μg/g.在室温贮藏的28 d内,相比未处理果实(对照),经诱导处理的游离态水杨酸和结合态水杨酸含量均呈升高的趋势,羧甲基壳聚糖/水杨酸复合处理的游离态水杨酸含量显著高于单独处理含量(P＜0.05).采用三氯乙酸/乙醚提取葡萄柚果皮水杨酸具有较高的分离度,本试验所得HPLC方法简单易行,可以用于葡萄柚果皮内源水杨酸的提取分离和测定.     

茶多酚和槲皮素对炎性脂肪细胞信号通路和炎性因子的影响

旨在研究茶多酚(TP)、槲皮素(Que)及两者协同作用时的抗炎作用机理。以TNF-α 诱导的炎性3T3-L1 脂肪细胞为模型,分别添加50 μg/mL 茶多酚(TP)、50 μg/mL 槲皮素(Que)及50 μg/mL 的茶多酚和槲皮素(TP+Que)共同处理,以空白组作为对照组。研究脂肪细胞中炎性因子白介素12(IL-12)、一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的基因表达,并采用Western blot 研究其对Sirt1 和AMPK的磷酸化水平的影响。结果表明：在TNF-α 刺激条件下,茶多酚和槲皮素对炎性因子的基因表达和炎症信号通路都有着明显的抑制作用,但槲皮素的抑制作用则不如茶多酚显著。在脂肪细胞中,活性物质可通过AMPK/Sirt1 途径,调节IL-12和iNOS的基因表达发挥抗炎作用。     

白芨外泌体的分离及对体外人永生化角质形成细胞(Hacat)的凋亡保护研究

探索鲜白芨(Bletilla striata)外泌体对体外人永生化角质形成细胞(Hacat)的生物活性,为其在护肤品上的开发提供数据。聚乙二醇(PEG)沉淀法提取白芨外泌体,透射电镜鉴定,BCA法测蛋白浓度;细胞计数试剂(Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK8)法检测Hacat细胞存活率,流式双染检测凋亡,蛋白印迹法检测凋亡相关通路蛋白。白芨外泌体呈茶杯状具双层膜,平均粒径69.63 nm,每克鲜白芨含外泌体浓度为5.24E+8 Particles,内含蛋白19.53μg;白芨外泌体(≥5μg/mL)可显著提高体外Hacat细胞存活率(P<0.05);10μg/mL白芨外泌体处理48h,可显著降低H₂O₂氧化造模引起的Hacat细胞早凋亡、晚凋亡和总凋亡的细胞比例(P<0.01),同时,模型组caspase-9和caspase-3表达显著上升,外泌体处理能显著降低其表达,而Bcl-2表达在组间无差异(P<0.05)。PEG沉淀法分离的白芨外泌体,可促进体外Hacat生长,抑制H2O2引起的细胞凋亡且与蛋白caspa...     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱非衍生化法测定土壤中草甘膦及其代谢物氨甲基膦酸含量

为了建立土壤中草甘膦(Glyphosate）及其主要代谢物氨甲基膦酸(AMPA)残留的定量分析方法,采用固相萃取结合液相色谱串联质谱技术,样品以磷酸钠和柠檬酸三钠混合溶液提取,经固相萃取柱净化,采用正向亲水性液相色谱柱(Hilic)梯度洗脱,通过质谱的多反应监测(MRM)负离子模式扫描进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明:草甘膦、氨甲基膦酸的线性范围为0.02~0.2 μg/mL,相关系数(R²)分别为0.9995、0.9998,检出限分别为0.5 μg/kg和0.6 μg/kg,定量限分别为1.6 μg/kg和2.0 μg/kg;3个加标水平草甘膦的回收率在79.67%~96.17%之间,AMPA回收率在77.83%~99.47%之间,RSD值分别为3.95%~7.49%、1.96%~3.89%。与传统的柱前衍生方法相比,具有前处理简单、检出限低、灵敏度高的优点,完全可以适用于土壤中草甘膦的分析。     

Zwittermicin A对Cry1Ac杀虫活性的增效作用

Zwittermicin A (ZwA)能够增加苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringienesis,Bt)Cry1Ac蛋白的杀虫活性.生物测定使用生长在人工饲料上的甜菜夜蛾幼虫.用 Cry1Ac蛋白单独处理甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫,体重抑制活性明显,杀虫活性较低;单独用ZwA处理时无杀虫活性.当ZwA浓度为0.1 mg/mL、Cry1Ac浓度为1 mg/mL时,48 h校正死亡率达90%.对甜菜夜蛾5龄幼虫进行生物测定,当用25 μg ZwA和5 μg Cry1Ac分别饲喂试虫时,无杀虫活性;用25 μg ZwA和5 μg Cry1Ac同时饲喂试虫时,84 h试虫全部死亡.对甜菜夜蛾5龄幼虫中肠组织切片分析发现,口服25 μg ZwA和5 μg Cry1Ac的幼虫12 h,中肠变细小,中肠壁变厚,围食膜无法正常形成;36 h后中肠壁逐渐恢复正常,围食膜重新形成.     

郑州地区草坪根部病害病原种类鉴定及防治研究

通过实地调查、室内分离培养和病原鉴定 ,发现郑州市草坪根部病害的病原菌主要是禾德氏霉 (Drechsleragraminea)、立枯丝核菌 (Rhizoctoniasolani)、镰刀菌 (Fusariumspp .)、腐霉菌(Pythiumspp .)等。选用 10种不同杀菌剂对草坪根病优势病原菌室内毒力测定结果表明 ,烯唑醇和敌力脱对禾德氏霉、立枯丝核菌均有强烈的抑制菌丝生长的作用 ,对禾德氏霉的EC50 均为0 0 3μg/mL ,EC90 分别为 0 2 5 μg/mL和 0 98μg/mL ;对立枯丝核菌的EC50 分别为 0 11μg/mL和 0 4 7μg/mL ,EC90 分别为 78 0 6 μg/mL和 3 97μg/mL。五氯硝基苯对丝核菌也有较强的抑制作用。福美双对镰刀菌抑制作用较强。在小区防治试验中 ,对草坪根部病害效果较好的是12 5 %烯唑醇WP 10 0 0倍液、 4 0 %棉花保苗剂WP 5 0 0倍液、 4 0 %五氯硝基苯WP 5 0 0倍液和2 5 %敌力脱EC 10 0 0倍液 ,防治效果均在 5 0 %以上     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.