Molting and Mortality of Red Swamp and White River Crawfish Subjected to Eyestalk Ablation: A Preliminary Study for Commercial Soft-Shell Crawfish Production

Eyestalk ablation may reduce the cost of soft-shell crawfish production by reducing the molt interval. In this study, both immature and mature red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii and white river crawfish Procambarus zonangulus , formally Procambarus actus actus (Hobbs and Hobbs 1990), were ablated using a pair of modified pliers and placed in a recirculating system. Molting percentages, mortalities and mean molt intervals of the ablated crawfish were analyzed.
Eyestalk ablation resulted in dramatic reduction of molt intervals and mortalities comparable with the current commercial (non-ablation) soft-shell crawfish production systems. The mean molt intervals of the ablated red swamp crawfish ranged from 6.7 to 7.8 days for immature and 9.2 days for mature animals; whereas, the molt interval of ablated white river crawfish was 8.9 and 11.2 days for immature and mature animals, respectively. Mortalities obtained in this study ranged from 20 to 48% and 32 to 66% for immature and mature crawfish, respectively. During the experiments, molting percentages and mortalities were not consistent. Secondary treatments such as air clotting and cauterization did not alter mortality significantly.     

Molting,Mortality, and the Effects of Density in a Soft-Shell Crawfish Culture System 1

The molting and mortality patterns at a crawfish density recommended for commercial-scale soft-shell crawfish culture systems showed that, over a 116 day period, 74% of the crawfish molted, 22% died, and 4% remained in the system at the end of the study. Approximately three weeks of adaption to the system were required before molting rates of the crawfish began to increase. By the sixth week, the number of malted crawfish per day exceeded the overall mean and remained at this level until 10 days before moltable crawfish were depleted. In a second study, three density levels (3.7,4.9, and 6.1 kg crawfish/m²) were tested for 60 days. The lowest density produced significantly fewer (P < 0.05) molted crawfish. Mortality was significantly greater (P < 0.05) at the highest density compared with the lowest density. The highest density (6.1 kg crawfish/m²) showed a higher molting rate than the lower densities, but it was not significantly different (P < 0.05) from the molting rate of 4.9 kg/m².     

Retention of Intermolt Crawfish in a Hydraulic Soft-Shell Crawfish Separation Unit

Physcial configuration and operational parameters of a prototype hydraulic soft-shell crawfish separator tray are described. The tray takes adavantage of the inability of soft-shell crawfish to resist a continuous water velocity to effectuate their rapid separation from a mixed population of pre-molts and intermolts. Removal of molted crawfish is rapid, and research therefore has focused on retaining intermolts in the separation tray. Given a well desigend separation tray, intermolt loss rates were found to be prinipally controlled by flow rate and intermolt retention time. Electrical inhibition gates powered by twelve-volt alternating current were used to discourage downstream migration of intermolts through administration of a mild shock upon contact. Crawfish became condioned to avoid the tray exit to the extent that they would not voluntarily approach the inhibition gate.     

MV技术在水产养殖和加工中的应用

就MV(Machine Vision,MV)技术在水产养殖、水产加工等渔业领域中的应用作了初步探讨。首先就其原理在渔业生产中的应用作了分析,以水产养殖和水产加工为例,说明在渔业生产中如何应用MV技术。对MV技术在渔业生产中的应用进行了展望,并揭示了MV技术在替代人工作业中的技术特点和优势。     

Diversification of Crawfish Management Schedule1

Six 0.02 ha ponds were used to evaluate crawfish production and standing crop biomass of rice forage in ponds managed on a standard (control) and delayed (experimental) schedule over a two year production cycle. Delayed schedule followed the same sequence of events except the management activities were delayed approximately one month. Control and experimental ponds had statistically similar amounts of forage. No statistical difference was detected in crawfish production between the management schedules or between production years; however, analysis revealed a significant treatment × year interaction. Overall average crawfish production was 986 kg/ha. Variation in crawfish production is explained within the context of annual temperature variations and differences in population density.     

The Economics Associated with Crawfish Production from Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin 1

Unpredictable water levels for the Atchafalaya River resulting from man's efforts to prevent flooding in South Louisiana lead to an unstable market for Louisiana's annual crawfish production. Empirical models presented show that yields from the basin can be estimated on a monthly basis using bimonthly changes in water level, unemployment rates, and crawfish harvests from ponds. The monthly demand model for basin crawfish yielded a price flexibility of –0.059 and a corresponding price elasticity of –16.94. These empirical results support hypotheses that substitutes for crawfish are available to consumers. Uncertain yields from the basin due to the sort of water level fluctuations documented in this study suggest that investment in this area of the Louisiana crawfish industry will continue to be hampered.     

Characteristics of Rice Cultivars with Implications for Crawfish Double Cropping1

Twenty-five domestic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were evaluated in a simulated rice/crawfish double cropping system in southwest Louisiana during 1983 and 1984. Wide variation was observed among cultivars in parameters believed to be important for maximizing productivity in such a system. Mean maturity ranged from 99 (Labelle) to 118 days (Starbonnet), while height ranged from 76 (Bellemont) to 130 cm (Della, Nato). Significant differences in grain yield response were observed, with yields ranging from 4,101 (Bluebelle) to 6,665 kg/hectare (Newbonnet). Straw dry matter production varied greatly, from 3,831 (Bellemont) to 9,170 kg/hectare (Della), and was positively correlated with plant height (r = 0.64; P = 0.0001). Ratoon biomass production was negatively correlated with both grain yield (r = -0.39; P = 0.0001) and maturity group (r = -0.69; P = 0.0001). Plant senescence at grain maturity also varied greatly and appears to be a factor in post-harvest ratoon capability. Early or very early maturing cultivars with both proven grain production and good ratooning capability appear best suited. Cultivar selection should be based upon individual farm situations and currently employed agronomic practices.     

Determination of Count and Uniformity Ratio of Shrimp by Machine Vision

Current shrimp quality evaluation is a subjective sum of visual, smell and texture characteristics, and the manual determination of count and uniformity ratio of a sample batch. The automation of this process is desirable for a more rapidly and objectively repeatable evaluation. As a first step towards this goal, the count and uniformity ratio of whole, headless, peeled-tail-on, and peeled-tail-off tiger and white shrimp were evaluated by a machine vision procedure. The experimental weight and view area were correlated by three different equations (linear, power, and forced-power curves) to find the best correlation. The pixel intesities as it relates to lightness-darkness values were also correlated to see if different forms and species could be distinguished by this method. Data, equations and statistics for the correlations are presented.     

脊尾白虾不同蜕皮分期免疫酶、几丁质酶及蜕皮激素的变化

为了研究脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)生长蜕皮和生殖蜕皮的差异,本研究对2种蜕皮不同分期(间期C期、前期D期和后期AB期)的非特异性免疫指标[酚氧化酶(PO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、几丁质酶(Chitinase)及蜕皮激素(MH)]进行了差异比较。结果显示,生长蜕皮各分期PO活力差异不显著,生殖蜕皮各分期PO活性呈先降低后升高的趋势,各分期差异显著;间期时,生长蜕皮和生殖蜕皮PO活性差异不显著;前期时,生殖蜕皮显著低于生长蜕皮;后期时,生殖蜕皮显著高于生长蜕皮。生长蜕皮各分期SOD活性逐渐升高,且差异显著,生殖蜕皮后期SOD活性显著低于间期和前期,间期和前期差异不显著;间期时,生殖蜕皮显著高于生长蜕皮,前期二者差异不显著;后期时,生殖蜕皮显著低于生长蜕皮。生长蜕皮各分期AKP、ACP活力均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且各分期差异显著,生殖蜕皮与生长蜕皮变化趋势相同;间期、前期、后期,生长蜕皮都显著高于生殖蜕皮。生长蜕皮时各分期Chitinase活力和MH激素浓度变化趋势相同,呈逐渐升高趋势,且各分期差异显著,生殖蜕皮时,呈先降低后升高趋势,且各分期差异显著;间期和前期,生长蜕皮显著低于生殖蜕皮,后期生长蜕皮显著低于生殖蜕皮。本文首次对脊尾白虾生长蜕皮和生殖蜕皮进行研究,结果表明,生长蜕皮和生殖蜕皮因为卵巢发育而存在明显不同。本研究结果为虾蟹类蜕皮机制的研究、养殖业苗种的育成提供理论基础和科学依据。     

出口淡水小龙虾产品加工工艺及质量控制

综述了出口淡水小龙虾的加工工艺、操作要点及质量指标,对微生物和药物残留危害进行了分析,提出通过有效蒸煮及加强员工和环境卫生管理控制微生物污染,通过实施原料基地备案、源头管理和良好的员工操作行为等有效预防药物残留,在质量安全控制方面为加工企业提供参考依据.     

甲壳动物蜕皮相关基因的研究进展

<正>世界上甲壳动物的种类多达约2.6万种,其中虾、蟹等甲壳动物营养丰富,味道鲜美,具有很高的经济价值。甲壳动物通过退去旧的外骨骼,长出新的外骨骼来完成自身的生长。甲壳动物的蜕皮由神经、内分泌系统间的协调作用[1],及外源因子的干扰作用等共同决定蜕皮周期的长短,影响生长发育。甲壳动物的蜕皮受Y器官分泌的蜕皮激素和X器官窦腺复合体分泌的蜕皮抑制激素共同作     

盱眙发展龙虾业的比较优势

盱眙县政府从2000年起开始举办龙虾节，使得盱眙龙虾在全国掀起了一场“红色风暴”，而且呈现愈演愈烈的态势，形成了盱眙龙虾的产业化发展。而盱眙龙虾产业的发展要得益于盱眙龙虾的比较优势，文章主要从气候、水域、饵料及区位优势方面分析了盱眙龙虾的比较优势。     

Predation by Dragonfly Naiads Anax junius on Young Crawfish Procambarus clarkii

Anax junius (Odonata: Aeschnidae) predation on young crawfish, Procambarus clarkii , was measured in the laboratory. Predation rates (0.066–1.16 crawfish/day) were estimated at 25, 15, and 5 C and for two sizes of crawfish (11–20 and 21–30 mm total length). Naiad predation increased with increasing temperature and decreasing crawfish size. At 5 C, naiads had no significant effect on survival of large crawfish but did significantly reduce survival of small crawfish. At 15 and 25 C, predation rates were significantly affected by temperature and prey size. Relative naiad abundance in a 0.8 ha crawfish pond was estimated from September through May. Larger naiads (head width, >6.5 mm; total length, >30 mm) capable of preying on young crawfish were not present until after most crawfish had reached invulnerable sizes. Large naiads, as a result, may not affect crawfish production under normal management conditions.     

Effectiveness of Commercially Formulated and Fish Baits in Trapping Cambarid Crawfish1

In the USA, cambarid crawfishes are harvested commercially with traps baited with fishes, formulated baits, or a combination of the two. Commercially formulated baits and fish baits, done and in combination, were evaluated to assess their relative effectiveness M attractants for crawfish. Traps baited with a combination of fish and formulated bait generally captured the most crawfish. Traps baited with common carp, the most effective natural bait, captured more crawfish than traps baited with skipjack herring, gizzard shad or channel catfish heads. Crawfish harvest from traps baited with several types of commercially formulated baits was equal to that obtained with traps baited with either gizzard shad or skipjack herring. Population density of crawfish and the availability of natural forage did not appear to influence relative effectiveness of either formulated baits or fish baits.     

克氏原螯虾的生态养殖⑤ 上海海洋大学克氏原螯虾生态养殖课题组协办 克氏原螯虾高效生态养殖模式

近年来,克氏原螯虾的养殖发展迅猛,已在全国各地形成各具特色的高效生态养殖模式,前面介绍的池塘生态养殖和稻田生态养殖只是众多模式中的一部分,下面介绍其它几种养殖模式,供广大养殖户借鉴.     

Evaluation of Three Sorghums as Potential Alternative Forages for Crawfish Culture 1

Three cultivars of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (grain sorghum, forage sorghum, and a sorghum sudangrass hybrid) were evaluated as planted forages for crawfish (Procambarus spp.) in two simulated culture systems, double cropping and crawfish monoculture. Based upon ease of culture, biomass production, and biomass degradation characteristics, grain sorghum and sorghum sudangrass exhibited great potential for either system. With the added advantage of grain production, grain sorghum represents the more attractive option and may provide farmers with a viable alternative to rice for double cropping with crawfish. The sorghum sudangrass produced large amounts of vegetative biomass and also represents a worthwhile forage option for the crawfish fanner. Either of these plants is conveniently incorporated into existing farm operations and could provide options as producers strive to integrate crawfish aquaculture with conventional agriculture.     

Effects of Water Quality,Weather and Lunar Phase on Crawfish Catch1

The relationship between water quality, weather, lunar phase and daily changes in crawfish (Proearnbums clurkii) catch per unit effort (CPUE) was determined in five experimental crawfish ponds from March through May, 1984 and 1985. Air and water temperatures, solar radiation, dissolved oxygen, wind velocity, barometric pressure, precipitation and lunar phase were recorded daily during the harvesting phase of the study. Crawfish CPUE (g/trap/24 h) was significantly correlated with water temperature, dissolved oxygen, lunar phase, barometric pressure, wind velocity and the relative density of harvestable size crawfish. Most statistically significant environmental or climatological variables explained less than 20% total daily variation in crawfish CPUE. The nine environmental variables were reduced to four factors—temperature-harvestable crawfish, cold fronts, rain showers, and lunar phase—with principal-components analysis. Eighty-five percent of the variation in daily crawfish catch was attributed to water temperature and relative density of harvestable crawfish, and 7.1% was explained by lunar phase. Rain showers and cold fronts accounted for 4.8 and 2.5% of the daily variation in crawfish CPUE, respectively. Crawfish catch increased with an increase in water temperature and relative abundance of harvestable crawfish, and with short duration rain showers. Conversely, crawfish CPUE declined with the approach of full moon and with passage of cold fronts.     

克氏原螯虾的池塘生态养殖(三）克氏原螯虾的池塘生态养殖

池塘饲养克氏原螯虾,对水体水质和池塘条件没有特别的要求,只要水质无工业污染,水中有机质丰富,即可进行粗放饲养.但如果要充分利用水体,提高单位水体的产量,则要对池塘进行一些必要的改造,辅以投喂饲料和日常管理,进行池塘精养.