一株海洋细菌HZBN43的鉴定(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to identify a bacterial strain isolated from ocean water from the Yellow Sea.[Method]Using 16S rRNA technique,a strain from Yellow Sea was preliminarily identified and analyzed.[Result]One 1 521 bp fragment of 16S rRNA was amplified from the strain HZBN43;homology analysis between the yielded sequence and the 16S rRNA sequences accessed in NCBI from other strains showed that HZBN43 belonged to Bacillus,and shared 99.79% homologue with the known species of Bacillus selenatarsenatis.[Conclusion]The sequence of strain HZBN43 was obtained.However,because of the incomplete sequence,the confidence level is just 46,so other corroborations are still required for grouping HZBN43 into an exact species.     

Isolation and Identification of an Endophytic Strain with Antibiosis Ability from Davidia involucrate Brail.

[Objective]The aim was to isolate and identify an endophytic bacteria strain with antimicrobial activity from Davidia involucrate Brail.[Method]Endophytic strain with antibiosis ability was isolated from D.involucrate Brail by using cylinder-plate method.Then,it was identified through physiological and biochemical tests,16S rDNA homology analysis as well as some gene-specific sequence analysis.[Result]B221 stain had antimicrobial activity against a variety of rice plant pathogens,and it was identified as Bacillus subtilis.[Conclusion]This study enriches the research on endophyte within D.involucrate Brail,application of Bacillus bio-control,and therefore has laid a good foundation for the development of fungus used in biological control of crop pathogens.     

罹病光肩星天牛幼虫分离菌株的16S rDNA系统发育分析

[目的]研究从罹病光肩星天牛[Anoplophora glabripennis(Motsch.)]幼虫刻槽中分离的菌株BH-1的16S rDNA系统发育及该菌株杀虫特性。[方法]常规细菌鉴定,将BH-1接种健康天牛后观察杀虫效果并通过设计特异引物扩增其16S rDNA序列,进行测序及同源性分析。[结果]用1010cfu/ml BH-1菌液接种2龄天牛幼虫8 d后致死率达72.7%。BH-1与GenBank收录的Serratia marcescens的16S rDNA序列的同源性达99.5%,同时结合细菌的部分常规鉴定结果,鉴定出BH-1菌株为粘质沙雷氏菌(S.marcescens)。[结论]BH-1的发现为天牛的生物防治提供了参考。     

Insecticidal Activities of Extracts from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Callus

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

高产谷胱甘肽酵母菌株的筛选及其抗乙硫氨酸诱变研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen Saccharomyces for glutathione over-production. [Method] Ethionine-resistant mutants were obtained through UV mutagenesis and rational screening. [Result] A high GSH-producing strain HSJB1 was isolated from soil, and the biomass for this strain by flask shaking fermentation was 3.87 g/L while the GSH yield was 91.87 mg/L. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of cells, this strain was primarily identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An ethionine-resistant mutant YBS77 was obtained through UV mutagenesis of the original strain HSJB1, and the biomass for this strain by flask shaking fermentation was 7.60 g dry cell weight/L while the GSH yield was 211.96 mg/L. [Conclusion] The biomass of the mutant obtained by breeding is increased by 96.38% than that of the original strain, and the GSH yield of the mutant obtained by breeding is increased by 130.72% than that from the original strain, which indicates that the breeding method is feasible.     

AFB1 Bio-Degradation by a New Strain - Stenotrophomonas. sp

The paper was to find the bacteria to degrade aflatoxin B 1 （AFB 1） and realize the application of biological degradation on AFB 1. Using cumarin as the carbon source and energy on the first screening, then the ten strains which were first screened out were taken to degrade AFB 1 100 pg kg^-1. Strain NMO-3 was screened out of ten strains, the degradation ratio of AFB 1 reached 85.7%, which was more prominent than the others （P 〈 0.01）. With the analysis of colony morphology, physiological and biochemistry experiments, and 16S rDNA gene sequence, the strain NMO-3 was finally identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. Using cumarin as the carbon source and energy could screen out the AFB 1 degradation strains. Acute toxicity tests show that the viable number of NMO-3 lower than 3.12 × 10^10 cfu mL-1 is safety. The crude enzyme was obtained by 65% ammonium sulfate fractionation, and it could degrade AFB1. It is the first report for the strain＇s detoxi- AFB1.     

香蕉MaPRMT1基因的分离及表达分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of experiment was to lay molecular foundation for studying maturity mechanism of banana after harvest. [Method] The combined method of suppressing subtractive hybridization and cDNA micro-array were used to obtain cDNA segment of one PRMT gene in banana and the whole cDNA sequence of the gene was cloned.The bioinformatics analysis was operated on it,in addition, the expression profile analysis was conducted in different organs and different mature periods of banana.[Result] The whole length of cDNA in MaPRMT1 was 1 158 bp and possessed a complete open reading frame,which could encode 385 amino acids.It had high homology with PRMT in plant,containing one Methyltransf₁ domain.The MaPRMT1 gene was expressed in root,stem,leaf and fruit of banana and the expression levels in stem and leaf were relatively high.As the increase of days after harvest,the expression level declined gradually,however it reached maximum when ethylene release was biggest,then it declined.[Conclusion] MaPRMT1 belonged to the first kind of arginine methyltransferase and it was expressed differently in different organs and fruits at different mature periods.     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

华山松疱锈病的重寄生真菌(深绿木霉)中几丁质酶基因cDNA片段的克隆(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to isolate chitinase gene from Trichoderma atroviride strain SS003. [Method] With the aeciospore wall of armandii pine blister rust as inducer, chitinase gene was induced to express in Trichoderma atroviride cells. The cDNA fragment of chitinase gene was cloned by RT-PCR approach. [Result] The activity of chitinase induced reached 40.17 μg/10 min; and the specific fragment amplified was 834 bp in length and proved to be the fragment of chitinase gene by sequencing and sequence analysis. [Conclusion] The result showed the feasibility of isolating the full length of chitinase gene and its transformation, and further producing chitinase.     

罹病光肩星天牛幼虫分离菌株的16 S rDNA系统发育分析

BH-1是在北京大必区一片旱柳树林的光肩星天牛刻槽中分离所得的细菌,室内杀虫生测试验表明其对天牛低龄幼虫有显著的致死作用。笔者通过16S rDNA序列分析和生化指标测定,对BH-1菌株进行丁鉴定。     

Phylogenetic Analysis of the 16S rDNA of a Strain Isolated from Diseased Larva of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.)

[Objective] Study on the phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA and insecticidal characteristics of strain BH-1 isolated from diseased larva of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.) [Method] The strain was identified by routine method and inoculated onto healthy Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.) for observing insecticidal effect, further 16S DNA was amplified by the specific primers for sequencing and homology analysis. [Result] The mortality of second instar of Anoplophora glabripennis(Motsch.) reached 72.7% 8 d after 1010 cfu/ml BH-1 was inoculated. The homology of 16S DNA se- quences between BH-1 and Serratia marcescens accessed in GenBank reached 99.5%. Combined with the results of routine identification, BH-1 was identi-fied as S. marcescens. [Conclusion] BH-1 could be used for biological control ofAnoplophora glabripenais (Motsch.).     

光肩星天牛对损伤后复叶槭植株的行为反应

该文利用Y型玻璃嗅觉测定仪对光肩星天牛的趋性行为进行了研究 .诱源为受不同机械损伤和天牛咬食损伤处理后不同时间内整体复叶槭植株释放的挥发物 .结果表明 ,正常条件下生长的复叶槭对光肩星天牛具有明显的引诱作用 ,但经机械刻伤复叶槭木质部及损伤叶片、或天牛咬食复叶槭后 ,随着处理时间的增加 ,复叶槭对光肩星天牛的引诱作用逐渐减弱 ,驱避作用逐渐增强 .在咬食创伤 2 4h后复叶槭挥发物对天牛的驱避作用达到了差异显著的程度 ,48h后达到最大值 ,72h后驱避作用明显降低 .而叶片损伤处理 4h时 ,复叶槭就表现出较强的驱避作用 ;木质部刻伤引起的驱避作用则要于 4h后才出现 .     

利用成虫取食习性防治3种杨树天牛

在野外调查桑天牛、云斑天牛、光肩星天牛成虫取食树种的基础上,试验室内用不同植物对成虫进行了饲养．结果表明,３种天牛成虫期的补充营养植物对成虫取食量、寿命、产卵量都有重要影响．补充营养植物内糖含量的多寡是影响取食与产卵的关键因子．利用桑科、蔷薇科、槭树科木本植物作诱饵分别诱杀桑天牛、云斑天牛和光肩星天牛,可有效地控制天牛灾害．     

选择诱杀树种防治光肩星天牛、黄斑星天牛的研究

光肩星天牛 Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａ ｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ （ Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ ．） 和黄斑星天牛Ａ．ｎｏｂｉｌｉｓ Ｇａｎｇｌｂａｕｅｒ 是严重危害许多树木的蛀干害虫．根据调查，已发现在宁夏被危害的树种有１０ 科１４ 属３４ 种．在防治研究中，该文以生物之间存在相生相克的理论为依据，采用调查研究和对比试验方法，总结出了树种抗虫性新概念，选出了以沙枣 Ｅｌａｅａｇｘｕｓ ａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｌ．为主的４ 种诱杀树种，进行了诱杀树种和诱饵树种防治天牛危害效果试验，效益显著．从而探索出了一条用诱杀树种有效防治天牛危害的新途径，并为多树种合理混交造林防治天牛危害提供了理论依据和方法     

注孔法防治杨树天牛幼虫的技术研究

利用内吸剂以注孔法防治光肩星天牛和黄斑星天牛幼虫是行之有效的方法。筛选出可获得杀虫效果达９０％以上的药剂、剂量和技术。为防治危害树干上部的蛀干害虫提供了依据。     

光肩星天牛自然种群生命表的研究

本文采用反复调查和查迹调查相结合的方法,编制1987～1990年两代光肩星天牛(Anoplophova glabripennis Motsch)在北京杨、大官杨上发生为害的自然种群平均生命表.揭示了该虫自然种群数最消长的动态规律,找出了影响其种群数最变动的关键因子为预测预报和综合治理提供了科学依据.     

复叶槭挥发性物质对光肩星天牛的触角电位反应

该文供试的单体是用吸附法采集,并经热脱附及ＧＣ ＭＳ方法分离鉴定而得．作者分别测定了复叶槭１１ 种挥发性单体的５ 种浓度溶剂对光肩星天牛Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａ ｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ（ Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ ．） 的触角电位活性,以及不同触角部位的化学感受差异．测得各单体从高浓度到低浓度时的触角电位观测值均呈明显下降趋势．单体己醇、反 ２ 己烯醇、青叶醇、乙酸丁酯、己醛、青叶醛等在单独组分时有较强的触角电位活性,而单体青叶醛和乙酸丁酯、糠醛、甲基糠醛等相互混配时可增强光肩星天牛的触角电位活性．光肩星天牛成虫对挥发性物质刺激的敏感部位是触角的末端,乙醇对光肩星天牛的触角有一定的刺激作用．     

新疆黄斑星天牛的发生期预测预报方法研究

[目的]黄斑星天牛Anoplophora nobilis Ganglbauer 是我国林业上的一种毁灭性蛀干害虫,是新疆维吾尔自治区补充的森林植物检疫对象.以幼虫在树干内蛀食危害,成虫在树干和枝条上刻槽产卵造成破伤口导致树木干枯.危害轻者使树木枝枯叶黄,生长衰弱;重者大面积整株死亡并降低用材价值,对新疆的绿洲生态安全和林业发展都构成了很大的威胁.为了掌握该天牛的防治最佳时机进行有效控制,对其主要习性和发生规律进行系统的观测.[方法]从2006～2009年采用物候、期距、形态特征和有效积温预测法,对黄斑星天牛发生期预测预报方法进行了详细研究.[结果]研究总结出了一套对该天牛的成虫、蛹、幼虫和卵的发生期预测预报方法.[结论]制定了黄斑星天牛发生期预测预报方法,为准确预报该天牛各虫期出现时间提出了科学的方法,并为选择最佳防治时机提供了可靠依据.