测定饲料添加剂中维生素A、D3、E含量的新方法

提出用充入氮气和放置皂化过夜的方法同时测定饲料添加剂中维生素A、D3、E的含量。在试样中加入抗氧化剂焦性没食子酸、乙醇和氢氧化钾溶液后充入氮气,在密封和避光的条件下放置24小时,使样品充分皂化。维生素经萃取和提纯后,用高效液相色谱仪进行分析。     

用日龄雏鸡卵黄液代替血清检测禽腺病毒母源沉淀抗体的比较试验

本文用AGP对国内七个品种210只一日龄雏鸡进行血清和卵黄液中腺病毒母源沉淀抗体检出率和符合率的比较试验。结果从两种样品中检出腺病毒沉淀抗体阳性率,分别为14.76%(31/210)和13.33%(28/210)。卵黄阳性与血清阳性符合率为80.6%(25/31),并可从血清阴性雏的卵黄液中检出1.67%的阳性。两种试样阳性率相关显著。试验表明可用卵黄液代替血清试样检测禽腺病毒母源沉淀抗体。适用于口岸检疫和国内养鸡场引种和生产中监测祖代,父母代鸡群卵源性疫病污染情况,有一定的实用价值。     

肉骨粉中磷测定方法的改进

肉骨粉中磷测定方法的改进太原市饲料研究所刘永青国标中饲料总磷量测定方法（ＧＢ６４３７－８６）适用于配合饲料和单一饲料。在生产中肉骨粉（肉粉）也同样采取国标法测定，但在长期实践中发现肉骨粉（肉粉）干灰化制得的试样分解液为淡黄色（其它饲料分解液为白色），...     

饲料磷酸盐中磷含量的三种检测方法比较分析

本研究旨在比较磷钼酸喹啉重量法、磷钼酸喹啉容量法和分光光度法测定无机饲料磷酸盐中总磷和水溶磷含量的差异。试验一选用5个不同的饲料级磷酸盐样品,选取不同检测机构,采用磷钼酸喹啉重量法、磷钼酸喹啉容量法和分光光度法3种方法分别检测其总磷、水溶磷含量。结果表明,采用分光光度法测定的总磷和水溶磷含量低于重量法和容量法,而重量法与容量法之间检测结果差异不显著。试验二选用31个不同的饲料级磷酸盐样品,比较重量法和容量法测定的总磷含量差异。结果表明,采用重量法与容量法检测总磷结果差异不显著。以上表明,分光光度法不适宜用于检测饲料级磷酸盐产品;容量法简单、快速,可替代重量法用于饲料企业对饲料级磷酸盐的实际品控化验分析。     

水溶性氯化物含量测定方法比较

测定饲料中的水溶性氯化物主要有国标法和快速滴定法两种,本实验用两种方法对配合饲料和鱼粉样品进行了分析。1 材料和方法 本试验用鱼粉和配合饲料两种样品各10个,分别采用国标法和快速滴定法测定其水溶性氯化物含量。国际法:称取样品3g左右,准确至0.0002g,准确加入硫酸铁溶液（60g/L）50mL、氨水100mL,搅拌数分钟,放置10min,用干的快速滤纸过滤。准确吸取滤液50.00mL于100mL容量瓶中,加浓硝酸10mL、硝酸银标准溶液25.00mL,用力振荡使沉淀凝结,用水稀释至刻度,摇匀,静置5min,干燥过滤入150mL干锥形瓶中或静置（过夜）沉化,吸取滤液（澄清液）50.00mL,加     

容量法测定磷酸二氢钙中水溶性磷含量的研究

本文用容量法对多个不同产地的饲料级磷酸二氢钙试样测定水溶性磷含量,同时做了国标方法和容量法的对比试验.结果得出将样品加水研磨沉淀后,往喹钼柠酮沉淀中加入碱,再用酸进行返滴定的检测方法操作简捷,节约成本,能够大大的提高效率,检测结果准确可靠.     

用回归方程与用已知标准液测未知液总磷含量

GB／T6437—92光度法测定饲料中总磷量又可分为绘制标准曲线法、回归方程法和用已知标准液测未知液磷含量3种。后两种方法因可省去制备标准曲线的步骤和排除在制备标准曲线时的人为误差运用较多。但在实际测定工作中常常出现用这两种方法同测某一样品时结果差异较大的现象。为此，笔者进行了反复对比测试现将测试结果以及从中得到的一些体会介绍给同行，供参考。1回归方程法测定步骤及结果1.1试剂和仪器设备同GB／T6437—92。1.2试样分解称取某一试样（平行测定），样1为0.2806g，样2为0.2607g置于坩埚中，分别加入10ml盐酸溶液和硝酸数…     

3种血清分离法及血清存放时间对感染检测结果的影响

[目的]以检测马弓形虫感染为例,观察4℃冰箱过夜、37℃水浴锅法及室温放置3种血清分离法及血清存放时间对检测结果的影响。[方法]自然凝固后的马血液,分别在4℃、室温、37℃下析出血清,用间接血凝试验(IHA)检测血清中的弓形虫抗体;对检测出的阳性血清标本分别放置在4℃、室温下,15 d内每天检测其抗体效价。[结果]3种方法分离出的血清,在血清量、血清颜色、血清清亮度方面差异不明显,IHA检测结果一致;4℃、室温2种温度下放置的阳性血清标本,15 d内血清的清亮度无改变,抗体效价无改变。[结论]4℃冰箱过夜、37℃水浴锅法及室温放置3种方法分离出的血清,均可用于马弓形虫感染的检测;4℃、室温下存放15 d内的血清仍可用于检测。     

微量元素钴的检测方法

饲料中钴的含量,直接影响到动物生产性能,尤其是反刍动物。钴参与消化、造血、繁殖、免疫等一系列生理活动。引起了人们的重视。本文综述钴的几种检测方法。1　原子吸收分光光度法该法是利用被测物质的基态原子,能吸收特定波长光的特点,进行定量检测的方法。11　火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钴(国标ＧＢ/Ｔ13884-92)　本标准适用于饲料原料、配合饲料、浓缩饲料和预混料中钴的测定。先用干灰化法处理饲料原料、配合饲料、浓缩饲料样品,在酸性条件下溶解残渣定容制成试样溶液;预混料用酸浸提法处理样品,定容制成试样溶液。将试样溶液导入原子吸收…     

磷酸氢钙的掺杂检测分析

近年来，由于饲料工业对磷酸氢钙的需求量增加，在磷酸氢钙产品中，掺入大量的细砂末、石粉、矿粉、颜料石粉等现象屡有发生。为保护饲料生产企业和养殖业的利益，现简述一些快速简便检测磷酸氢钙的方法，供鉴别质量参考。1掺杂的检测1.1鉴别手摩擦法：用手拈着试样用力摩擦以感觉试样的粗细程度。a．正常试样手感柔软，细粉状均匀；色泽呈白色或灰白色粉末。b．异常试样手感较粗糙，有颗粒，粗细不均匀；色泽呈灰黄色或灰黑色粉状。酸溶解法：称取试样1─5g，加盐酸溶液（1＋l）10─20ml，加热溶解。a．正常试样全部溶解，不发泡，试液呈深…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …