水疱性口炎研究进展

水疱性口炎(VS)是由水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)引起的人畜共患的重大动物疫病.VS病毒生态学复杂,易感动物较多,传播媒介种类广,病毒可在一定区域内长期存在.VSV主要呈嗜上皮性,大量流涎是家畜感染最重要的临床症状,其特征为口腔黏膜、乳房皮肤及蹄冠部皮肤出现水泡及糜烂,人感染后出现类似流感的症状.由于其临床症状与口蹄疫不易区别,发病时容易引起国际贸易恐慌,因此,对VS诊断防治的研究有着重要的社会经济和公共卫生意义.文章从分子生物学特征、流行病学、诊断和防控4个方面对水疱性口炎的研究进行了综述.     

牛暴发水疱性口炎

水疱性口炎是由病毒引起的可感染多种动物的急热性传染病。新疆阿勒泰地区某国营牧场场部放牧牛群于 2 0 0 2年 6月 5日至 8日 ,先后有 12头牛发病 ,现将情况报告如下。1　症状患牛精神沉郁 ,食欲减退 ,饮水多 ,有的体温升至41 5℃。口腔、舌面皮肤粘膜潮红肿胀 ,并出现水泡、溃疡、糜烂 ,口内大量流涎 ,采食困难 ,体质消瘦。有的在蹄部发生疱疹病变 ,出现单肢或双肢不同程度的跛行等症状。2　诊断牛水疱性口炎与牛口蹄疫相似 ,但牛水疱性口炎流行范围小 ,呈散发性 ,发病率为 1 7%～ 7 7% ,病死率几乎为零。而牛口蹄疫发病率新疫区可达 10 0…     

兔传染性水疱口炎的防治

本病是由水疱性口炎病毒引起的一种兔的急性传染病。其特征是口腔粘膜发生水疱性炎症并伴有大量流涎,故又称“流涎病”。水疱性口炎病毒在4℃条件下能存活30天;-20℃能长期存活。2％氢氧化 钠、1％福尔马林能在数分钟杀死该病毒;加热至60℃或直射阳光下,病毒很快死亡。该病毒主要存在于病兔的水疱液、水疱皮、口腔粘膜坏死组织、唾液及局部淋巴结中。     

牛水疱性口炎的诊断与防控

牛水疱性口炎是由水疱性口炎病毒引起的高度接触性人畜共患病,可造成病牛口腔、蹄部出现水疱、发热等症状,一般呈良性经过,但患病牛感染后采食量降低,有时继发其他病原也可导致病牛死亡。本文对牛水疱性口炎的发病原因、流行病学、临床症状、诊断方法和防治措施等进行综述,为牛养殖中牛水疱性口炎的诊断和防治提供参考。     

兔传染性水疱性口炎的诊断及防治

兔传染性水疱性口炎是由水疱口炎病毒引起的兔的一种急性传染病,其特征为兔口腔粘膜发生水疱炎症并伴有大量流涎,故又称"流涎病".     

兔传染性水疱性口炎的防治

兔传染性水疱性口炎是由水疱性口炎病毒引起的兔的一种急性传染病。其特征是口腔黏膜发生水疱性炎症并大量流涎,故又称“流涎病”。水疱性口炎病毒属于弹状病毒科水疱性病毒属,病毒粒子呈子弹状或圆柱形,有囊膜,大小为176nm×69nm。该病毒主要存在于病兔的水疱液、水疱膜、口腔     

规模化猪场猪水疱性口炎的防治措施分析

随着规模化猪场的不断涌现,猪的饲养密度提升,一旦出现大规模的疫病暴发,带来的损失巨大.因此对于传染类疾病的防控也应更加注意.本文主要探讨了猪水疱性口炎这种急性传染病的防治,文章分析了导致本病发生的病原,总结了猪水疱性口炎的常见临床症状和病理变化,并结合前人文献对本病的防治措施进行了简要分析.     

牛传染性水疱性口炎的诊断与防治

牛传染性水疱性口炎是由水泡性口炎病毒引起牛的一种急性、热性传染病,也可感染马、羊和猪,人偶可感染。其特征是口腔黏膜、乳头皮肤以及蹄部发生水疱,口唇水肿、化脓、糜烂,流泡沫样口涎。本病很少发生死亡。文章通过对该病病原、流行特点、诊断做了详细介绍,并提出了预防和治疗措施,以供参考。     

猪体水疱伴有发热性疫病的鉴别诊断

猪口蹄疫、猪水疱病、猪水疱性口炎和猪水疱性疹等疫病，均是以蹄部、口部、鼻端等皮肤和黏膜发生水疱为特征，且不同程度的伴有体温升高现象，临诊中容易混淆，尤其是单纯性猪水疱病，与猪口蹄疫的流行情况和临诊症状几乎完全相同，更是难于区别。本文就4种疫病在病原特点、流行情况、临诊症状、病理变化等方面的异同点作一介绍，以期对该类疫病的诊断有所帮助。     

猪水疱性口炎病毒基因及其疫苗的研究进展

猪水疱性口炎是由水疱性口炎病毒引起的高度接触传染性的病毒性疾病。其临床特征为猪的唇部,鼻及口腔等处发生水疱,并从口中不断向外流涎,有时常常还发生在蹄冠和趾间皮肤上,其症状主要以水疱为主。该病在全球许多地区造成广泛流行。近年来,由于产品贸易量的增加,猪水疱性口炎病毒也陆续的传入我国。由于该病与猪水疱病、猪口蹄疫和猪水疱性疹等病毒性疾病容易混淆,因此对该病做出准确地诊断与防制显得尤为重要。在VSV疫苗的研究方面,主要是灭活疫苗和弱毒疫苗的研究,而在新型疫苗的研究方面很少。本文主要综述了猪水疱性口炎病毒的基因及其疫苗的研究进展,为进一步了解和预防该病提供参考依据。     

Oral vesicular lesions in horses without evidence of vesicular stomatitis virus infection

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical and serologic findings in horses with oral vesicular lesions that were consistent with vesicular stomatitis (VS) but apparently were not associated with VS virus (VSV) infection. DESIGN: Serial case study. ANIMALS: 8 horses. PROCEDURE: Horses were quarantined after appearance of oral lesions typical of VS. Severity of clinical signs was scored every 2 to 5 days for 3 months. Serum samples were tested for antibodies by use of competitive ELISA (cELISA), capture ELISA for IgM, serum neutralization, and complement fixation (CF). Virus isolation was attempted from swab specimens of active lesions. RESULTS: 2 horses with oral vesicular lesions on day 1 had antibodies (cELISA and CF) against VSV; however, results of CF were negative by day 19. Five of the 6 remaining horses were seronegative but developed oral lesions by day 23. Virus isolation was unsuccessful for all horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses were quarantined for 75 days in compliance with state and federal regulations. However, evidence suggests that oral lesions were apparently not associated with VSV infection. The occurrence in livestock of a vesicular disease that is not caused by VSV could confound efforts to improve control of VS in the United States and could impact foreign trade. Vesicular stomatitis is of substantial economic and regulatory concern.     

水疱性口炎病毒糖蛋白基因的克隆和表达

对一株实验室保存多年的水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)的囊膜糖蛋白(VSV_G)基因进行了克隆和测序,并且构建了重组VSV_G真核系统表达载体。结果表明克隆的VSV_G基因全长1536个核苷酸(nt),其编码的G蛋白长为511个氨基酸(aa),氨基酸序列与20个Indiana血清型VSV毒株的同源性在95.4%左右(94.1%～98.0%)。种系发生树分析表明此病毒株属于水疱病毒属的VSV_Indiana血清型。经免疫荧光检测证明构建的重组VSV_G表达质粒pCIVG5和pCRVG6转染23T细胞后能够有效地转录和表达,这为进一步开发利用VSV_G奠定了基础。     

Contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey in pigs

OBJECTIVE: To determine how viral shedding and development or lack of clinical disease relate to contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) in pigs and determine whether pigs infected by contact could infect other pigs by contact. ANIMALS: 63 pigs. PROCEDURE: Serologically naive pigs were housed in direct contact with pigs that were experimentally inoculated with VSV-NJ via ID inoculation of the apex of the snout, application to a scarified area of the oral mucosa, application to intact oral mucosa, or ID inoculation of the ear. In a second experiment, pigs infected with VSV-NJ by contact were moved and housed with additional naive pigs. Pigs were monitored and sampled daily for clinical disease and virus isolation and were serologically tested before and after infection or contact. RESULTS: Contact transmission developed only when vesicular lesions were evident. Transmission developed rapidly; contact pigs shed virus as early as 1 day after contact. In pens in which contact transmission was detected, 2 of 3 or 3 of 3 contact pigs were infected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Transmission was lesion-dependent; however, vesicular lesions often were subtle with few or no clinical signs of infection. Contact transmission was efficient, with resulting infections ranging from subclinical (detected only by seroconversion) to clinical (development of vesicular lesions). Long-term maintenance of VSV-NJ via contact transmission alone appears unlikely. Pigs represent an efficient large-animal system for further study of VSV-NJ pathogenesis and transmission.     

表达扎伊尔型埃博拉病毒囊膜糖蛋白重组水泡性口炎病毒的构建

埃博拉病毒(EBOV)能够引起一种人畜共患急性出血性传染病,即埃博拉出血热.研制安全、有效的抗病毒疫苗具有重要意义.本研究利用水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)印第安纳株反向遗传操作系统,构建并拯救得到表达扎伊尔型埃博拉病毒(ZEBOV)囊膜糖蛋白GP的重组VSV (rVSV-ZEBOV-GP),通过westemblot和免疫荧光试验证明在重组病毒中ZEBOV GP蛋白获得正确表达;动物试验显示重组病毒对小鼠高度安全;中和试验结果表明重组病毒能诱导小鼠产生针对ZEBOV囊膜糖蛋白GP嵌合VSV假病毒粒的特异性中和抗体.本研究表明rVSV-ZEBOV-GP作为防控ZEBOV的储备性疫苗具有潜在的应用价值.