热应激对畜禽的影响及危害

环境因素对畜禽生产性能影响颇大，特别是高温引起的热应激。近几年来，随着全球气温的普遍升高，不但南方炎热地区畜禽常发生热应激，比较凉爽的北方地区夏季时也经常受到热应激危害。如何为畜禽创造一个良好的福利环境，防止热应激的发生是养殖业面临的十分重要的课题。     

热应激对蛋鸡的影响及控制

热应激是指畜禽在高温环境下(通常在30℃以上),由于体温调节及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生的一系列异常反应.该病多发于夏季高温时节,发病率高,且分布广泛,给我国养殖业的发展带来了巨大的经济损失.     

热应激畜禽的营养调控

夏季高温环境下,畜禽极易发生热应激。畜禽发生热应激后其生产性能降低,严重影响养殖效益。营养调控措施是根据畜禽的发育规律,通过调配适宜的营养成分和含量,降低热应激对畜禽的生长过程的影响,使畜禽养殖朝着健康、绿色、持续、高效的方向发展。从调节电解质、矿物质、维生素等营养调控的角度综述了热应激防控的最新研究进展,以期为防控热应激和寻找新的措施、最大限度地降低畜牧业生产损失提供有益的思路。     

基因芯片筛选畜禽热应激差异表达基因的研究进展

热应激可引起畜禽机体一系列基因水平的变化,直接影响各组织器官正常的生理功能。基因芯片技术已广泛应用于畜禽多种致病、应激等方面的基因表达谱研究。本文结合基因芯片技术在畜禽热应激上的研究和应用,对全面筛选畜禽器官氧化损伤、生产性能及体外细胞培养中与热应激相关的差异表达基因进行综述,以期为寻找和验证与畜禽热应激损伤密切相关的分子标记提供线索,并为修复畜禽热应激损伤的分子营养调控研究提供参考。     

夏季热应激对产蛋鸡的影响及其应对措施

热应激是指畜禽在高温环境下(通常在30℃以上),由于体温调节及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生的一系列异常反应。此病多发于夏季高温时节,发病率高,且分布广泛,给我国养殖业的发展带来了巨大的经济损失。产蛋鸡群最适宜生产的温度是15℃～     

浅谈夏季鸡热应激的诊断及防治

在集约化、高密度的养鸡场,持续高温天气会造成鸡热应激的普遍发生,热应激是指外界环境温度过高,由于鸡体温调节及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生的一系列异常反应,并出现引起生产性能下降,甚至引起死亡的现象.鸡热应激严重危害养鸡业的健康发展,是目前急需解决的问题,笔者就鸡热应激发生的原因、临床症状、病理变化及综合防治等方面做一概述.     

夏季蛋鸡的热应激及其预防

热应激,是鸡在高温和拥挤条件下,由于体温调节及生理机能失调或紊乱而发生的一系列异常反应,并伴随生产性能下降,甚至出现休克和死亡。热应激多发生于夏秋高温季节,多见于集约化饲养和夏秋季长途、高密度运输等。     

γ-氨基丁酸在缓解奶牛热应激上的应用前景

γ-氨基丁酸作为机体一种重要的神经抑制剂,因具有提高食欲、增强免疫力、缓解热应激等作用,已被广泛应用于食品、药品等领域。在我国,奶牛夏季面临严峻的热应激问题,高温严重影响了奶牛正常的生理活动,对此开发具有缓解热应激功能的新型饲料添加剂成为研究热点。目前,γ-氨基丁酸已应用于畜禽生产,但对反刍动物的相关研究少有报道。本文对γ-氨基丁酸的生理功能及其在奶牛热应激中的应用进行了综述,以供同行参考。     

奶牛热应激综合征的危害、评价及防控

<正>热应激是指奶牛本身在受到超出其自身体温调节能力的高温刺激时引起的一系列生理生化异常反应,这种对高温环境产生的非特异性应答反应的总和,又称为热应激综合征。其对奶牛的影响,主要是表现在新陈代谢发生紊乱、生产性能下降、繁殖力降低、免疫力减弱、乳成分发生改变等变化。如再遇上高湿环境,应激效应叠加,对奶牛产生更严重危害,因此正确掌握评价奶牛热应激综合征的方法及防控措施对于降低热应激给奶牛场带来的危害具有重要意义。1奶牛热应激综合征发生的原因     

鸡热应激的表现及其缓解措施

热应激是指外界环境温度过高（蛋鸡超过25℃，肉鸡超过28℃），由于体温调节及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生的一系列异常反应，并出现生产性能下降，甚至出现休克或死亡等现象。白天特别是午后，气温较高，鸡只处于热应激环境下，晚上气温下降，特别是凌晨，使鸡遭受的热应激得以缓解，这种短时间的热暴露称为急性热应激，而长时间的间歇性的热暴露称为慢性热应激。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。