影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素

影响奶牛繁殖性能的因素很多，本文就其能量、蛋白质、矿物质及维生素等各种营养因素做出总结。     

营养对奶牛繁殖性能的影响

影响奶牛繁殖性能的因素很多，但合理的饲料投人与平衡的营养水平是提高奶牛繁殖性能的基础，是奶牛高产高效的关键，现就几种主要营养成份对奶牛繁殖性能的影响简介如下。     

奶牛营养对繁殖性能的影响

全面合理的营养素投入是奶牛繁殖高效率的基础,繁殖高效率是保证奶牛终生产奶量和经济效益的关键。笔者借此把营养对奶牛繁殖性能的影响进行阐述,供同行们参考。     

营养对奶牛繁殖性能的影响

<正>饲料营养的全面合理是奶牛高繁殖率的基础,繁殖率高是保证奶牛终生产奶量和经济效益的关键。现将营养对奶牛繁殖性能的影响进行简单的介绍,供各奶牛场、奶牛养殖户参考。     

矿物质对奶牛繁殖性能的影响

综述了各种矿物质元素的对奶牛繁殖性能的影响。     

矿物质营养对奶牛繁殖性能的影响

奶牛繁殖性能除遗传、环境因素影响外,营养因素也十分重要。而在其配种、妊娠、泌乳和繁殖的每一个阶段,其生理特点和营养要求各不相同。分别给予适当的营养,是保持     

影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其调控

本文对影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其饲养调控技术方面的研究进展进行了综合评述。结论认为奶牛营养状况与繁殖性能密切相关,随着遗传性能和饲养管理技术的改进,奶牛泌乳量得以迅速提高的同时,对营养需要量的要求也随之提高。营养需要量的提高常常导致奶牛特殊生理阶段发生能量负平衡,致使奶牛繁殖能力下降;高蛋白日粮有利于提高产奶量,却往往降低了繁殖性能;日粮中矿物质和维生素含量偏高或偏低以及比例不当都会影响奶牛的繁殖性能;奶牛营养的全过程,包括采食量及采食的营养成分水平都与奶牛的繁殖性能密切相关。     

影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其调控

本文对影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其饲养调控技术方面的研究进展进行了综合评述。结论认为奶牛营养状况与繁殖性能密切相关,随着遗传性能和饲养管理技术的改进,奶牛泌乳量得以迅速提高的同时,对营养需要量的要求也随之提高。营养需要量的提高常常导致奶牛特殊生理阶段发生能量负平衡,致使奶牛繁殖能力下降;高蛋白日粮有利于提高产奶量,却往往降低了繁殖性能;日粮中矿物质和维生素含量偏高或偏低以及比例不当都会影响奶牛的繁殖性能;奶牛营养的全过程,包括采食量及采食的营养成分水平都与奶牛的繁殖性能密切相关。     

营养水平对奶牛繁殖性能的影响

繁殖是动物种族繁衍的重要生理机能,而动物摄取营养就是为了生存和生产。因此,奶牛的营养水平与奶牛的繁殖性能密切相关。合理的营养管理对于最大     

能量和蛋白质营养状况对奶牛繁殖性能的影响

目前荷斯坦奶牛的产奶水平已经达到了相当高的年产奶量。加拿大已经达到约12000千克;上海地区约9000千克;在我区也达到6000千克左右。奶牛在产后的约两个星期后,产奶量迅速达到高峰,并维持约3个月的时间;如按每天产奶25千克标准奶计算,需要产     

Effects of Diseases on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cattle Ⅲ: Nutritional Metabolic Diseases

Under the modern large-scale and intensive dairy farming production mode,the continuous supply of feed with high nutrition level is the material basis for maintaining the rapid growth and development of reserve cows and the high lactation performance of lactating cows.However,after the genetic quality reaches the "bottleneck period",although the milk yield of dairy cow can continue to maintain a certain high level with the continuous improvement of the nutrient concentration of feed and the increase of dry matter intake (DMI),the incidence of nutritional metabolic diseases of high-yield dairy cows also shows a rapid growth trend,especially ketosis caused by the negative energy balance in perinatal period,acidosis caused by high-precision diet and the increase of blood urea nitrogen caused by high-protein diet,negatively regulate the reproductive performance of dairy cows,resulting in inconspicuous postpartum estrus,decreased mating rate and conception rate of dairy cows,which directly affect the update speed of dairy cows production groups,the normal performance of high-quality cattle and the economic benefits of dairy farming.In this paper,the author introduced in detail the relevant research on the current situation and its mechanism influence of different nutritional metabolic diseases on the reproductive performance of dairy cows in recent years,and focused on analyzing the molecular mechanism of nutritional and metabolic diseases with high perinatal incidence such as ketosis,low blood calcium and moderate gastric acid,and put forward the prospect and thinking on the future research direction of nutritional and metabolic diseases and reproductive performance of high-yielding dairy cows,in order to provide some reference and theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of high-yielding dairy cows in large-scale pastures in China and the perinatal nutrition management level of dairy cows.     

Effects of Diseases on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cattle Ⅱ: Reproductive Diseases

With the rapid development of dairy breeding and the scale feeding level,the average individual milk yield of dairy herds in China has been greatly improved over the last few decades.However,the reproductive performance of dairy cows,especially in high-producing dairy cows,has declined continuously and affected severely dairy farm profitability.Reproductive performance of dairy cows was influenced by many factors including environment,herd management,genetics and various diseases.It has become more evident that genital tract diseases(also known as reproductive diseases) decreased reproductive performance of dairy cows during the last 10 years.The effect of reproductive diseases on reproduction of dairy cows has received more attention.This paper briefly described the incidence of reproductive diseases such as metritis,various types of endometritis and retained fetal membrane and ovarian diseases such as ovarian cyst,persistent corpus luteum in China and abroad.This paper highlighted the effects of reproductive diseases on reproductive performance such as days open,calving interval,pregnancy rate,estrus detection,days to first breeding and breeding index.Moreover,we analyzed in more detail the possible mechanisms by disrupting endocrine signaling,damaging intrauterine environment and causing ovarian dysregulation.Lastly,we looked forward to the future research direction of reproductive diseases of dairy cows that provided data reference and theoretical support for improving the management measures of scale feeding,reducing the incidence of reproductive diseases,improving the production and reproductive capacity of dairy herds in China.     

Effects of Diseases on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cattle Ⅰ: Current Situation and Its Mechanism

Over the past 20 years,with the continuous promotion of the genetic improvement plan of dairy cow population and the continuous improvement of feeding technology,the intensive level and milk yield of dairy cow population in China are continuously improving.However,the reproduction data over the years showed that the more milk yield,the more obviously decline in reproductive performance,and the more prominent of the reproductive problems.The decline of fertility caused by high yield has become the bottleneck of the development of dairy industry in China and even in the world.In dairy farming,there are many factors that cause the reduction of reproductive performance of high-yield dairy cows,including genetic factors,environmental factors and disease factors.Recently,the influence of disease factors on reproductive performance of dairy cows has become more and more prominent.According to the location of the disease,the diseases can be divided into genital diseases and non-genital diseases.This paper discussed the relevant research data on the effects of different diseases on the reproductive performance of dairy cows in recent years,and focusing on the analysis of the molecular mechanism of diseases affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows through the nervous system,reproductive endocrine system and humoral immune system.The prospect and thinking for the future research of diseases and reproductive performance of high-yield dairy cows were put forward to provide reference and theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency and economic benefits of high-yield dairy cows in China.     

复合酶制剂对奶牛生产性能的影响

[目的]本试验研究了在日粮中添加复合酶制剂对泌奶牛生产性能的影响。[方法]采用奶牛一般饲喂方法,设立对照组和试验组。[结果]表明,在日粮中添加0.1%"天多利"奶牛复合酶,试验组(21.62kg)比对照组(20.75kg)提高产奶量4.19%,差异极显著(P<0.01);平均乳脂率比对照组提高了3.38%,差异显著(P<0.05);试验期间,试验组每头泌乳牛平均每天获毛利23.55元,对照组每头泌乳牛平均每天获毛利20.43元,试验组比对照组每头多盈利3.12元,增收效益明显。[结论]试验表明,奶牛日粮中添加加0.1%"天多利"奶牛复合酶,可显著提高奶牛的产奶量和乳脂率,提高奶牛养殖的经济效益。     

营养对黄牛繁殖机能的影响

本文就当前饲喂胚胎移植受体黄牛大量低质粗饲料日粮为出发点,通过对常见粗饲料及其营养成分分析,受体黄牛体内胚胎着床机制的探讨以及分析各营养因素对受体黄牛受胎率的影响。目的在于阐明饲喂大量低质粗饲料对受体黄牛受胎率的影响,进而找出合理的解决办法,既能合理利用廉价的低质粗饲料,又能提高受体黄牛的移植受胎率。     

OPG/RANKL/RANK系统的生理功能

 骨是一个代谢活跃的器官,在整个生命周期中都在进行不断的更新与重建。在骨形态发生和重建的过程中主要受到细胞因子和激素的调节,同时骨代谢也受到OPG/RANKL/RANK系统的调控。论文主要对骨骼生理结构与骨组织细胞之间的关系,骨代谢和骨的形成过程,OPG/RANKL/RANK系统的生理功能,OPG/RANKL/RANK系统的影响因子以及骨代谢紊乱所引起的疾病几个方面作一综述。     

牛得喜对奶牛生产性能的影响

实验研究了奶牛日粮中添加牛得喜(SCCNCMl077)对奶牛生产性能的的影响。实验选用了50头奶牛,根据产奶量、泌乳天数和胎次相近的原则分为试验组和对照组。试验结果表明,试验组平均产奶量比对照组提高了1.52kg,差异显著(P<0.05),而试验组乳脂率、乳蛋白率分别下降了0.09%、0.07%,但均差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

营养水平对母羊繁殖性能的影响及精准营养调控的研究进展

繁殖性能是羊产业的重要经济性状之一,直接关系到养羊业生产成本和效率。羊的季节性繁殖特性导致其繁殖效率低,是羊产业高效养殖的主要瓶颈。在羊生产中,营养水平直接影响母羊的繁殖性能。综述了营养水平对发情、排卵、受孕等母羊繁殖过程和羊非繁殖季繁殖性能的影响,以及精准营养调控母羊繁殖性能的研究进展,以期为进一步研究营养水平对母羊繁殖性能的调控机制提供参考。     

Reproductive Disorders of Crossbred Dairy Cows in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia and Their Effect on Reproductive Performance

The study was conducted to estimate the proportion of reproductive disorders and to determine factors affecting reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows under four different production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The principal postpartum reproductive disorders were retained fetal membranes (14.7%) and uterine infection (15.5%). Anoestrus was the major postpartum reproductive problem in the mixed crop–livestock production system (38.6%) and was significantly associated with this production system. Apart from anoestrus, the occurrence of reproductive disorders was not significantly associated with a production system. Most of the reproductive disorders occurred as a complex rather than as a single abnormality. Two or more abnormal conditions were seen in 11.4% of the cases. Each reproductive trait measured was affected adversely by reproductive disorders. Cows with reproductive disorders in each production system, lactation group and suckling and non-suckling group had longer intervals from calving to first service and to conception (p < 0.001) and required more services per conception (p < 0.001). Pregnancy rate and conception to first service were 84.7% and 51.7%, respectively, for cows without reproductive health problems; and 64.2% and 15.1%, respectively, for cows with reproductive disorders (p < 0.001). Overall, intervals from calving to first service were shorter (p < 0.05) than in younger cows. Intervals from calving to first service and to conception were longer in suckling than in non-suckling cows (p > 0.05). Cows with a good body condition score (>3.5) at calving had shorter calving to first service and conception intervals than cows in poor condition (p < 0.001). The results showed that reproductive abnormalities, coupled with poor body condition, are important factors that contributed to reproductive inefficiency. An appropriate reproductive health management, a reliable artificial insemination service and supplementary feeding could be the management options to reduce or alleviate some of the problems.     

日粮蛋白质营养水平对奶牛繁殖性能影响及作用机理

本文根据反刍动物蛋白质营养代谢特点,结合国内外日粮蛋白质水平与繁殖关系的研究进展情况,分析了血中尿素氮(BUN)、乳中尿素氮(MUN)与奶牛繁殖性能关系;日粮蛋白质营养水平对卵巢、子宫及生殖激素的影响。探讨了日粮蛋白质营养水平不足或过量对奶牛繁殖性能的作用机制。旨在为奶牛养殖场(户)在生产过程中,正确使用营养调控技术,科学合理配制日粮,使奶牛得到全价合理的营养供应,提高奶牛繁殖性能。