Evaluation on Technology Innovation ability in Construction Industry in 31 Provinces and Cites of China Based on Factor Analysis

From the statistical data is not difficult to find, the growth of construction industry has been falling, construction industry of the labor productivity and the rate of technical equipment is slow-moving. It shows that the Construction Industry is still in Ruggedly management mode in many areas, lacking of technological innovation. Therefore, the paper evaluate the technology innovation ability in construction industry in 31 provinces and cites of China using factor analysis, get the current status and find the difference, to find solutions for promote the technology innovation ability in construction industry.     

Government support and firm innovation performance in Chinese science and technology parks: The perspective of firm and sub-park heterogeneity

Science and technology parks (STPs) are established to promote the firm innovation performance via agglomeration economy and government support in China. On-site qualified firms obtain government R&D funding as a type of government support, and they are offered differential innovation service caused by the differential capabilities of sub-parks which scatter throughout a single city. It is debatable whether those government supports at firm and sub-park levels can promote firm innovation capabilities. This study takes Zhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone, Shanghai as an example. It applies a Tobit regression model to analyse the databases of Zhangjiang Annual Sampling Survey of Firms 2015 and Zhangjiang Development Report 2015. We find out at the firm level, government R&D funding has a significant and positive influence on firms' innovation, but government R&D funding generates a crowing-out effect the innovation performance of on-site firms with more R&D investment themselves. At the sub-park level, innovation service agencies of sub-parks do not exert an important role in influencing firms' innovation, and they even have negative moderating effects on the relationship between firm R&D investment and firm innovation performance. It reflects the mismatch between innovation service of STPs and firms' needs in China.     

Impact on China''s Construction Industry after Accession of China to WTO and Countermeasures

China's construction industry is confronting with the impacts and challenges with the China's entry into the WTO. With the further opening to the outside world, the competition of China's construction industry becomes more and more intensive. Under such circumstance, the only way to adapt to the post-WTO environment for China's construction industry is to promote such works as regulation integrity, industrial structure adjustment and enterprise innovation. In order to promote and speed up the development of China's construction industry, it is realistic to analyze both the advantages and disadvantages with the accession of China to WTO and take corresponding countermeasures.     

四川民族地区农产品加工业技术效益差异性的分析与评价

为了提高技术竞争力,保证四川民族地区农产品加工企业的生存与发展。以技术效益指标为体系,采用定性与定量的方法,从企业技术水准和技术创新能力两个方面,分析与评价四川民族地区农产品加工业技术效益与省内先进农产品加工企业的差异,由此提出民族地区农产品加工企业技术改进与创新的思路。     

Innovation Prone and Innovation Averse Societies: Economic Performance in Europe

Although it is commonly accepted that investing in technology and research and development (R&D) is a basic catalyst for the genesis of economic activity, there is less consensus on the spatial significance and returns of the R&D effort for regional and local economies. It is often argued that innovation resulting from allocating local resources to R&D is likely to spill over to other areas, especially in the framework of open national economies. Hence, the incentive to free-ride increases at the subnational level. This paper shows, however, that in the Western European regional context, regions with higher resources devoted to R&D tend to grow at a greater pace than the remaining spaces. Nevertheless, the passage from R&D to innovation and growth is not achieved in a similar way across Europe. Local social conditions play an important role in the formation of what can be defined as ‘innovation prone’ and ‘innovation averse’ societies. Innovation prone regions are those featured by a weak social filter, which facilitates the transformation of innovation into growth. Conversely, regions burdened by rigid labor markets, shortage of skills, outward migration of able individuals, and an aging of the workforce are less prone to assimilate innovation and to transform it into economic activity. They make up the innovation averse societies in Europe.     

From R&D to Innovation and Economic Growth in the EU

ABSTRACT Over the last two decades many European governments have pursued ambitious research and development (R&D) policies with the aim of fostering innovation and economic growth in peripheral regions of Europe. The question is whether these policies are paying off. Arguments such as the need to reach a minimum threshold of research, the existence of important distance decay effects in the diffusion of technological spillovers, the presence of increasing returns to scale in R&D investments, or the unavailability of the necessary socio‐economic conditions in these regions to generate innovation seem to cast doubts about the possible returns of these sort of policies. This paper addresses this question. A two‐step analysis is used in order to first identify the impact of R&D investment of the private, public, and higher education sectors on innovation (measured as the number of patent applications per million population). The influence of innovation and innovation growth on economic growth is then addressed. The results indicate that R&D investment, as a whole, and higher education R&D investment in peripheral regions of the EU, in particular, are positively associated with innovation. The existence and strength of this association are, however, contingent upon region‐specific socio‐economic characteristics, which affect the capacity of each region to transform R&D investment into innovation and, eventually, innovation into economic growth.     

On Popularizing the Design-Build Delivery System in China

Design-build delivery system has been gained in popularity recently, however, it has not been applied widely in China. The paper sums up the character and scope and then studies the reasons for slowly developing in China in terms of construction law, enterprise framework and capability by literature and interview. Based on those analysis, this paper gives suggestion on how to popularize the design-build delivery system .     

科技创新与现代农业建设

阐述与探讨了科技创新在现代农业建设中的作用,研究如何通过科技的创新与进步推动现代农业的发展。通过研究,发现中国在科技进步推动现代农业建设中存在有创新供给不足。农户文化素质低,经营规模小,对现代农业认识不足且科技与农户、企业间缺乏推广、中介机制。针对存在的不足,需通过科技创新体系改革,建立农业科技推广服务与中介机制,培育龙头企业,加强教育,提高农民科技文化素质等措施定位,加快现代科技农业建设。     

需求为导向“三位一体”推广模式研究——基于设施蔬菜物联网技术研究、推广和应用

以研究者与企业联合申请的基于物联网设施蔬菜生产关键技术研究与应用世行食品安全课题为载体,开展需求为导向的“三位一体”的研究-推广-应用模式研究;从课题组组织管理体系构建、技术开发沟通机制建立、需求为导向“三位一体”设施蔬菜物联网技术产品应用的软硬条件,进而提出需求为导向“三位一体”农业研究与推广模式的作用,表现在：（1）有利于实现技术创新与技术应用的有机整合,缩短信息传播的链条,提高研究的效率和效果;（2）有利于构建以全产业需求为导向的专业化农业推广服务体系;（3）有利于改变研究者的价值取向,促进科研组织激励的学术化向实用化转型;（4）有利于推动公益性的农业推广向多元化化服务模式转变,提高农业推广组织管理运行效率和效果。以期能够为中国现代农业发展阶段农业推广体系的转型,提供有价值的参考。     

Some Micro‐Evidence on the “Porter Hypothesis” from Austrian VOC Emission Standards

This paper presents some micro‐evidence relevant to the “Porter Hypothesis” on the techno‐economic consequences of Austrian Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emission standards, the most restrictive of their kind in the world. Using firm‐level survey data and complementing it with highly disaggregated foreign trade data, the paper explores whether the standards had a palpable impact on the competitiveness of Austrian manufacturers of paints, coatings, printing inks, and adhesives, whether compliance stimulated innovation in this industry, whether the standards crowded out other, more productive Research and Development (R&D), and whether compliance efforts gave rise to unexpected benefits of compliance. It finds no unequivocal aggregate impact on the competitiveness of regulated firms, yet does find some interesting variation with firm size. Moreover, the standards appear to have dampened import competition. The standards gave rise to considerable changes in firms’ product range and appear to have accelerated the rate of product innovation in the regulated industry. R&D spending to develop compliant products is found to be very unevenly distributed, mainly due to technological and, to a lesser extent, organizational factors. There is evidence that compliance efforts displaced or postponed existing R&D projects. However, there is also evidence that search for compliant products yielded unexpected and beneficial ideas, knowledge, and competencies.     

Location and the Innovation Performance of Commercial GIS Companies

This paper looks at the role of firm size, location, and in‐house research and development (R&D) in the innovation performance of U.S. firms in the commercial geographic information systems (GIS) industry. Data from a survey of 300 GIS firms are presented. The results suggest that innovation‐intensity varies directly with in‐house R&D spending (scaled as a proportion of company sales), but inversely with company size (total employment). Significant regional variations in the innovation performance of GIS firms are identified. It is argued that the geography of innovation is influenced by the spatial distribution of young and/or small firms, in that R&D‐productivity is found to vary inversely with company size. An important finding is that creative inputs to support innovation are almost evenly divided between internal and external sources. A surprising result is that the academic community is not viewed as a particularly important source of new ideas for innovative firms. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the survey data for future empirical work on the GIS sector.     

农业循环经济的主体系统协同优势与制度建设

能否成功地推行农业循环经济模式在很大程度上取决于其主体系统的动力。政府、企业或农户、公众组成的循环经济主体系统,由于缺乏技术创新的支持,明显动力不足。为此,本文提出政府、企业或农户、公众及农业R&D机构等四元组成的“四元并联”主体系统模型,通过运用数学知识、经济学知识分析其协同推进农业循环经济的优势。此模型对指导农业循环经济具有一定的现实意义。     

Efficiency of Embodied Technology Spillovers

Technological progress is the key competitive ability of a society.A society's technological progress depends on it's ability of research and development (R&D) and the absorption of R&D spillovers. Since China is a developing country, which is comparatively short of R&D expenditure and activity, it is absolutely necessarily to utilize R&D spillovers. This paper analyses the relation among destination-specific AC (Absorption Capacity) , source- and destination-specific SS (Structural Similarity) and embodied technology spillovers by one-sector and three-areas GTAP models. The conclusion is:Being 'neutral' in nature, the exogenous Hicks-Neutral Technical Progress shock uniformly reduces the input requirements associated with producing a given level of output of stuff.     

基层农村科技服务者信息行为与需求的分析

为了解中国信息化建设对基层农村科技服务产生了哪些影响及未来农村科技信息服务发展还面临哪些制约因素。本研究面向农村科技服务者开展问卷调查,基于来自中国14个省级地区的调查结果,从网络认知、网络应用、上网目的、上网地点、科技网站访问频次等方面分析了基层农村科技服务者的信息行为特征,并考察了各地区应用互联网开展科技服务的现状,在此基础上从信息内容和传播方式两个层面总结了农村科技服务者对网络科技信息的需求。最后以实证研究结论为依据,从网络科技信息资源建设、传播方式建设、农村信息服务设施建设、农民信息素质提升等方面提出推进基层农村科技服务信息化发展的对策建议。     

The Degree of Centralization of P. R. China’s Construction Industry

The degree of centralization indicates the concentration of production management in a particular industry and is an important indicator to reflect industry and market structures. We use the concentration rate ( ) to analyze the concentration of the construction industry from 2000 to 2005 in P. R. China and compare that industry with others in the country. We also use a Lorenz curve to analyze the industrial structure of P. R. China based on data from P. R. China and developed countries. We conclude that the concentration of the Chinese construction industry definitely has developed; there still exist, however, considerable gaps when it is compared with counterparts in developed countries. We therefore discuss ways to improve the degree of centralization of the Chinese construction industry, based on the laws and regulatory system, market order, and industrial and enterprise structures.     

现代农业示范园区科技支撑规划内容研究

现代农业示范园区作为以市场为导向、以科技为支撑的现代农业发展的新型模式,引领和示范农业科技创新、转化和推广,带动了区域农业与农村经济发展,为中国农业现代化起到了良好的示范作用。随着国家级示范园区建设范围进一步扩大,承担示范园区建设的地区,需要对本地区的资源和主导产业进行规划,掌握现代农业示范园区的科技保障水平、科技管理体系、科技创新体系3个方面所包括的指标,总结现代农业示范园区科技支撑规划中存在问题,制定出科学合理的规划方案,对加强现代农业示范园区科技支撑基础建设具有重要的意义。本报告通过对现代农业科技支撑规划内容系统梳理,构架起研究现代农业科技支撑基础分析框架,以期对现代农业示范园区规划具有重要的理论指导。     

农业科技企业引入风险投资及其影响因素的实证分析——以福建省为例

借助首届中国农业科技创新创业大赛举办的契机,以福建省农业科技企业调研的资料为基础,分析了农业科技企业引入风险投资的现状,并对影响农业科技企业引入风险投资的原因进行了系统的剖析。结果表明:风险投资在给农业科技企业带来资金的同时,还应该给企业带来高效的管理和优秀的商业模式;农业科技企业要加强与风险投资公司的沟通,更新观念,深刻理解资本运作对企业的作用;农业科技企业要想做大做强必须要加强对市场需求的把握。     

民族水产种业转型升级政策路径探讨

中国是水产养殖产量大国,但与大多数发达国家相比中国水产种业不强。为应对国内外新形势,亟需做强民族水产种业,进而推进中国渔业的转型升级,笔者从法律法规与理论体系、科技创新与人才体系、工程建设与核心示范体系、产业发展与进出口状况4 个方面系统梳理了当前民族水产种业的基本情况;从顶层设计、扶持政策、科技创新、经营主体、市场环境5 个角度分析了当前民族水产种业发展中存在的主要问题。最后探讨并提出了民族水产种业转型升级的政策路径,即优化顶层设计、丰富扶持策略、转变评价方法、坚持以人为本、加强种业监管,以期为产业发展和相关政策完善提供参考。     

典型农牧区新农村发展影响因素及模式选择——以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市乌审旗为例

中国实施可持续发展战略,农业与农村既是基础和优先领域,也是最具挑战和难度最大所在。农牧地区的新农村发展既是我国新农村建设的重要组成部分,也是相对薄弱的环节。内蒙古自治区乌审旗是典型的农牧地区,全旗各乡镇（苏木）在区域的差异性、功能的主导性和发展的制约性（简称“三性”）等方面具有不同特征,这对于全旗新农村建设具有直接的影响。基于乌审旗不同乡镇（苏木）“三性”的分析,乌审旗新农村发展的主要模式为：工业企业带动模式、城镇建设带动模式、现代农业带动模式、生态牧业带动模式、休闲旅游带动模式、专业市场带动模式。     

加强农业技术推广体系建设的对策

农业技术推广体系是促进农业发展方式转变的重要支撑,以政府为主体的农业技术推广体系,已经不适应农村经济社会发展和新农村建设的需要。针对中国现行农业技术推广体系存在的问题,加强农业技术推广体系建设,必须推进农业技术推广体制改革,构建以政府为主导的多元化农业技术推广组织,完善农业技术推广保障机制,加强农业技术推广人才队伍建设,提高农业技术推广人才队伍素质,继续完善农业科技特派员制度。