An EOQ Model Taking Account of the Variable Selling Price Under Stock Dependent Selling Rate

In 1995, Padmanabhan and Vrat presented inventory models for deteriorating items with a constant selling price and stock dependent selling rate . Based on the result, in 2000, Kun-Jen Chung, Peter Chu and Shaw-Ping Lan devoloped the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solutions of the profit per unit time functions without backlogging and with complete backlogging. Actually, the selling price need not be constant, it may be variable . This paper puts forward an EOQ model when the selling price is variable without backlogging, discusses the existence and uniqueness of optimum solution. The example is provided to illustrate the model. The theoretical evidence is provided for the inventory system to make management decision.     

基于价格参考效应的生鲜电商供应链协调策略研究

考虑到生鲜电商平台销售过程中价格参考效应对消费者需求的影响,构建了价格参考效应影响下的消费者需求函数,研究由一个生鲜供应商和一个生鲜电商组成的生鲜电商供应链的协调问题。根据模型比较分散式决策与集中式决策下产品的最优定价、生鲜电商供应链成员的收益等,发现合作能够提高双方的利润,因此构建收益共享契约模型。结果表明,存在价格参考效应的情况下,生鲜产品的批发价格、契约参数、参考价格对于需求量的敏感程度对于生鲜电商最优定价、供应链成员收益有着不同程度的影响,同时契约参数的确定取决于生鲜电商、生鲜供应商在供应链的议价能力。     

Game Analysis of Vertical Cooperative Advertising with Price Discount

This paper studies the problem of cooperative advertising of two-echelon supply chain when the manufacturer offers a price deduction to consumers. And the equilibrium outcomes in a two-stage game and a coordinated co-op game are discussed and compared respectively. The results demonstrate that, under a certain condition, the retailer will increase local advertising effort if the manufacturer offers more price discount to customers directly. For any given price discount, the total profit for the supply chain with cooperative scheme is always higher than that with the non-cooperative scheme, and we find that the price discount will only be suitable for the merchandise with price sensitive demand. Then the Nash bargaining model is utilized to determine the allocation of the entire system profit gain. Finally, a numerical example is given to confirm the above conclusion.     

利用系统动力学模型通过选择定植期最大化香蕉种植收益

为获得香蕉种植收益最大时的定植期,本文尝试利用系统动力学建模方式,对香蕉定植期进行选择。该模型通过模拟海南岛西部采用较多的一年一造种植方式,考虑香蕉价格和果串钟随季节的波动。模型只需输入逐周气温数据既可以输出该轮种植期内的总收益。模型的准确性经过2007-2008年东方地区香蕉发育情况拟合与验证。模拟结果表明在第22-25周（即5月下旬到六月中上旬）定植香蕉可以获取最大经济收益,与其他定植期相比可以增加经济受益40%。该模型的建立为下一步估算气候变化对香蕉种植的经济影响奠定基础。     

不同保鲜模式对生鲜农产品供应链系统利润的影响分析

针对消费者对生鲜农产品保鲜要求高但企业保鲜意识不足的问题,研究了不同保鲜模式对生鲜农产品供应链系统利润的影响。采用迭代关系表示生鲜农产品新鲜度,依据成员是否保鲜将保鲜模式分为8类,构建不同保鲜模式下的生鲜农产品供应链系统利润模型,并求解不同保鲜模式下生鲜农产品供应链系统的最优决策参数和利润,分析影响供应链系统利润的因素,最后通过数值算例验证模型结论。研究表明,供应链系统三者(生产商、分销商、零售商)均保鲜时利润最大,降低成本或者降低运输时间均可使供应链系统的订货量和利润上升。     

Optimal bidding models of power plants considering transmission congestion

In order to achieve optimal bidding strategy of power plants in electricity market, the authors build optimal bidding model by predicting the bidding coefficients of competitors, and the optimal bidding coefficient without considering transmission capacity is achieved. Based on the bidding coefficients, the market clearing model is built, and the expected market clearing price is achieved. According to the expected values, the authors calculate the power flow. When forecasting the transmission congestion, this paper presents an optimal bidding model taking transmission congestion into account. Based on sensitivity analysis, the output regulation of power plants with minimum cost of eliminating congestion is achieved. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can help power plants achieve the optimal profit.     

Housing Project Hedonic Price Model Based on Principal Components Analysis

Real estate hedonic price model is applied to determine the average sale unit price of newly built housing projeer. In order to solve the problems of the lack of sample and the high correlation of some of the housing characteristic factors with each other in this application, a housing project hedonic pricing model based on principal components analysis of housing characteristic factors has been established. Through a case, the author has analyzed the economical significance of the implicit prices. With the model, the average sale unit price of a newly built housing project can be determined by rule and line.     

上海市水产品消费需求的双对数模型分析

为了研究上海市水产品消费需求的影响因素以及不同因素贡献度的大小,以上海市1999—2010年城市居民家庭人均水产品消费量、城市化水平、水产品价格指数、替代品价格指数、居民消费价格指数、居民家庭人均可支配收入等相关数据作为研究对象,采用Eviews软件对上海市水产品消费需求进行回归分析。建立了包括城市居民家庭人均可支配收入、居民消费价格指数、总人口数这些影响因素在内的上海市水产品消费需求模型。另外,通过建立关于城市居民家庭人均可支配收入、居民价格指数、总人口数的模型,对这些影响因素进行预测,从而可以对上海市水产品消费进行预测。最终认为,要增加上海市水产品的消费需求,必须从提高家庭人均可支配收入、控制居民消费价格指数、发展水产品深加工业、加强物流体系建设以及加强水产品市场质量管理等方面入手,推动上海水产业持续稳定的发展。     

Optimal Standby Capacity and Its Valuation in Power Pool

The problem of optimal standby capacity and its valuation in Power Pool is very important and complicated. On the basis of researching literatures concerned, this paper constructs an optimal standby capacity model and researches the problem of pricing optimal standby capacity and determining power price on the user-side. The result shows that the optimal standby capacity at some period t is completely determined by the probability distribution density function of power load demand at this period and surplus power loss and insufficient power loss, and the price of optimal standby capacity is determined by real power price of entering power grid and the power price of forecasting load demand, and the expected power price on the user-side consists of the settlement price with grid loss on generation-side and reasonable gains and expected additional loss.     

Application of Shadow Profit in the Quoting of Logistic Company

Quoting price is an important technology in the process of logistic company. The degree of the price has direct effect on the enterprise's profit, and whose correctness influences whether an enterprise can hold its client. In the operation of ship, due to the phenomenon of empty container, it is difficult to decide the quoted price to use the traditional quoting method based on the cost, because if the price is too high, the client can't accept it, but if the price is too low, it can't ensure an enterprise's profit. In this article, we will apply the economy meaning of shadow profit in the corresponding theory to resolve the problem of quoting price in the phenomenon of empty containers in operation of ship. The profit model and correspond opposite model are built, the theory and meaning of shadow benefit are discussed, and some classified formulae and quoting guide lines based on shadow profit are proposed. An example will be used to prove that the quoting theory based on shadow profit can validly direct the quoting price of logistic company for the added goods in the phenomenon of empty container.     

区域作物旱灾产量和经济损失定量估算——以唐山地区为例

以1991a-2006a唐山地区夏粮作物旱灾面积为基础,从产量损失和经济损失两方面对旱灾损失进行了估算。结果显示：⑴1991a-2006a夏粮因旱累计减产17.99×108kg,平均每年减产1.12×108kg;产量损失最大年份为1999a（减产2.2×108kg）,产量损失最小年份为2006a（减产0.2×108kg）;（2）按1990a不变价格计算,累计经济损失15.3×108元,平均每年损失0.96×108元。按当年价格计算,累计经济损失19.6×108元,平均每年损失1.2×108元;（3）减产利润损失最大年份为1995a（利润损失为0.68×108元）,利润损失最小年份为2000a（利润损失为-178.4×104元）。不变价格和当年价格计算的经济损失以及产量损失与利润损失间的非一致性,对农业保险政策的制定具有一定的借鉴作用。     

黑龙江省大豆价格波动影响因素实证分析

本文以黑龙江为例研究大豆价格波动影响因素,从供给、需求、国家政策、国际市场的影响、市场流通的角度分别进行定性分析,在从中选取几个主要影响因素,收集相应的数据,建立了黑龙江省大豆价格波动影响因素的多元回归模型,用SPSS软件对所从统计年鉴和官方统计资料中收集的数据进行处理,确定这些影响因素对大豆价格波动的影响程度,最后根据模型处理的结果提出我省应对黑龙江省大豆价格变动可以采取的相应政策建议,以便大豆主产区的黑龙江省大豆产业更好更快的发展。     

Marginal Return Policy for Perishable Products

Considering perishable products usually have little salvage,a return policy-marginal return policy is proposad.This policy reveals the manufacturer's different attitudes toward the amount of the returned products.By applying the marginal return policy,the decisions of the manufacturer (wholesale price and return price) and decisions of the retailer(sales price and order quantity) are analyzed.Under marginal return policy,both profits of the manufacturer and retailer increase,which lead the increase of system's profit directly.At the same time,numerical experiments show that,contrast to the usual return policy,the marginal return policy could reduce the manufacturer's risks caused by the demand uncertainty.     

对2011—2012年榨季陕西部分超市苹果销售情况的调研与思考

苹果是陕西省的农业品牌产业,对陕西地区榨季超市苹果销售情况进行了全面的调查,调查内容包括进货来源、贮藏方式、进货周期、单位进货量、进货品种、影响消费者购买因素、畅销季节、销售价格、剩余苹果处理方式等问题。调研结果显示,红富士是消费首选品种,超市苹果畅销旺季为秋冬2季,影响超市苹果销售因素依次为:价格>颜色>味道>新鲜>品种>大小。通过对调研所显示问题的分析和思考,对各大类型超市在苹果销售方面的发展提出相应的意见和建议,以望提升苹果销售总额,满足消费者需求、促进陕西经济发展。     

产业链框架下江苏农户杨树销售决策的主成分分析

杨树销售阶段是杨树产业链的重要环节，也是栽植农户获得收入的主要来源，因此，杨树产业的可持续发展离不开销售环节的健康运行。文章研究了栽植农户杨树销售决策过程中的考虑因素。在对江苏省278个杨树栽植农户调查的基础上，运用主成分分析法从9个可能影响农户销售决策的影响因素中提取了3个影响因子。研究发现农户通过市场销售杨树时面临着很大的付款的不确定性和价格的不确定性，因而对付款因素和价格因素最为关注。农户在选择杨树的销售渠道时主要受到“价款因子”、“信任因子”和“便利因子”的影响。     

Dynamic Analysis on Adjustment of Price for Disequilibrium Market

Under the condition of market economy, the price of goods changes with internal rule and relation of supply and demand in the micro-market. Because of complexity of real economic system, the fact that supply is not all equal to demand every time needs use the disequilibirium analysis which nears well reality instead of traditional equilibirium analysis. In the state of disequilibirium market, according to the adjustment function for market and under synthesizing two basic adjustment equations of price, the stability of price for disequilibrium system has been studied based on the equations of supply and demand and using the adaptive expectation mode to forecast price .These conditions of stability of the system have also been given, which benefit to study structure and capability so as to search for dynamic law for the economic system .     

An EOQ Model at Random when Average Demand Is a Linear Increasing Function

For certain types of inventory, the ordering cycle and demand may be random variants, which satisfy certain types distribution. The classical EOQ model usually neglects the fact. Based on the constant demand, under the hypothesis that the ordering cycle is a random variant which satisfies exponent distribution, average demand is a linear increasing function, this paper considers the effects of the time-value of capital and inflation on replenishment strategy of inventory system. Loosening the condition of basic economic order quantity model under deterministic state, the total cost function of the model is provided. The optimum order quantity and cycle are obtained. The application range of EOQ model under the constant demand is widened. The theoretical evidence is provided for the inventory system to make management decision.     

风电增速齿轮箱动力学性能优化方法

建立增速齿轮箱动力学分析有限元模型,利用Lanczos法求得齿轮系统的振动模态;以齿轮副时变啮合刚度激励、齿面综合误差激励和轮齿啮合冲击激励为内部作用激励,采用直接积分法求得箱体表面节点的动态响应。选取箱体上12个主要结构参数作为动力学性能优化的设计变量,齿轮箱体积为状态变量,以齿轮箱表面振动加速度的均方根值最小为动力学性能优化的目标函数,利用零阶与一阶优化算法求得最优设计变量。结果表明：优化前后箱体均不产生共振,且满足静力学条件;优化后目标函数减小37.5%,箱体各计算点的振动响应均有较大幅度的减小,最大减小量为54%。     

Electricity Pricing Regulation in Demand Side Management

Time of use(Tou) price is one of the most efficient measure for modern demand side management(DSM).But a scientifically pricing is based on understanding the function of pricing mechanism and comprehensive analysis to social benefit.The authors develop a pricing model by game theory based on analysis of consumer's response to the time of-use price and analyze the pricing regulation of government for maximum social benefit.A conclusion is drawn,which suggests that government should let the electricity corporation to pricing, but just give a regulation on the average price level.     

A MORE GENEEAL PRODUCTIVE FORCES DISTRIBUTION MODEL WITH ENTROPY CONSTRAINT

The productive forces distribution model with entropy constraint is established. it satisfies both the demand with minimization of total cosls and the other demands with optimum distribution at a certain level. The model's regular optimal solution is a gravity molel..