水稻籼粳交衍生系产量相关性状的遗传效应与杂种优势

采用包括基因型与环境互作效应的加性—显性遗传模型（AD模型）,对不同环境下水稻籼粳交衍生系产量相关性状的遗传效应与杂种优势进行研究。结果表明,播抽天数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数和千粒重性状以基因的加性主效应为主;结实率和株高性状以基因的显性主效应为主;基因型×环境互作效应明显影响产量相关性状表现,以显性×环境互作为主,其中播抽天数、单株谷重、千粒重和穗长的显性×环境互作效应尤为明显。杂种优势研究表明,由遗传主效应控制的杂种优势除单株有效穗数外,其余8个性状均表现正向群体平均优势;基因型×环境互作杂种优势分析表明,单株谷重、单株有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、株高和穗长6个性状杂种优势的稳定性较好。遗传效应分析结果表明,明恢413、97gk1037、明恢118和明恢417在多个性状上表现以遗传主效应为主,环境互作效应较弱,具有较好的环境稳定性,表明该4个籼粳交衍生品系在籼粳杂种优势利用中具有较高的利用价值。     

Transgressive variants for red pericarp grain with high yield potential derived from Oryza rufipogon × Oryza sativa: Field evaluation, screening for blast disease, QTL validation and background marker analysis for agronomic traits

Five transgressive variants (advanced breeding lines from BC₂F₅ and BC₂F₆ generation) were derived from a cross between the wild relative, O. rufipogon Griff. and O. sativa L. subsp. indica cv. MR219, a popular high yielding Malaysian rice cultivar. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pericarp colour of the grains along with yield potential and to validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agronomic traits. The variants were screened against blast disease. Background marker analysis was also done for the promising variants. The field trials were carried out at a single location (due to containment purposes) over two seasons using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. A trait-based marker analysis was used to identify QTLs for validation in BC₂F₅ generation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the seasonal factors influenced different agronomic traits. Variant G33 produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher yield (5.20 t/ha) than the control, MR219 (4.53 t/ha). Eighteen QTLs for different agronomic traits were identified in BC₂F₂ population in a previous study. Among them 14 QTLs were found in BC₂F₅ population of the present study. The yield of variant G33 was influenced by several QTLs viz. qGPL-1, qSPL-1-2, qSPL-8 and qYLD-4, which were introgressed from the donor parent revealed by background marker analysis using BC₂F₇ generation. Percentage (99%) of red pericarp grain of G33 and G34 in BC₂F₅ and BC₂F₆ generations indicated the stability of pericarp colour which was transferred from the wild relative. Variant G33 showed resistance against two pathotype of blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae). Among the evaluated variants, G33 could be considered for inclusion in the cultivar development program for red rice with high yield potential and resistance to blast disease. This study demonstrated that the alleles from wild relative could improve the yield and yield related traits through allelic interaction, even though the phenotypic traits were inferior to the recurrent parent.