沃尼妙林对脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤小鼠的保护作用

为了研究预先服用沃尼妙林对急性肺损伤(ALI)的作用,试验采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导建立了小鼠炎症ALI模型;制备支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)以检测蛋白浓度、细胞因子水平以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性;收集肺组织测定湿干重(W/D)比率、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,观察组织学的变化。结果表明:预先服用沃尼妙林显著降低了肺组织的W/D比率、蛋白浓度和白细胞数,组织学分析表明减弱了组织损伤;沃尼妙林使BALF中SOD的水平显著升高,减弱了肺脏中MPO的活性,抑制了肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)等炎性细胞因子的产生。说明了沃尼妙林对LPS诱导的ALI小鼠具有保护作用。     

根皮素对LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺炎保护作用

为了研究根皮素对LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺组织的炎症变化,并证明根皮素对乳腺炎具有保护作用,试验应用乳导管内灌注LPS建立小鼠乳腺炎模型,进行H.E.染色、ELISA检测、Western-blott检测和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)检测等研究根皮素对乳腺组织的保护作用。结果表明:LPS能使乳腺组织产生病理学损伤,促进白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的产生,增加组织MPO活性,增强NF-κB信号通路蛋白的表达,而根皮素能够抑制LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺组织的炎症变化。说明根皮素对LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺炎具有一定保护作用。     

替米考星对内毒素炎症小鼠存活率和细胞因子的影响

替米考星按20 mg/kg剂量经灌胃给药后,观察其对内毒素(LPS)炎症小鼠的保护率,并通过不同时间段眼球采血,分离血清,应用试剂盒用酶联免疫吸附分析(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assy,ELISA)法测定小鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1β)的水平.结果表明,替米考星明显提高了内毒素炎症小鼠的存活率,死亡率由100%降低为50%(P<0.05).LPS(20 mg/kg)能提高血清中TNF-α、IL-10、IL-6和IL-1β的水平,替米考星能够显著抑制TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的释放,而明显提高IL-10的水平.     

谷氨酰胺对急性肺损伤小鼠MUC5AC的调节及其对肺脏的保护作用

旨在探讨谷氨酰胺(GLN)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导急性肺损伤小鼠黏蛋白MUC5AC表达的调节作用及其对肺损伤的保护作用。选用雌性ICR小鼠32只随机分成4组:正常对照组(PBS组)、谷氨酰胺组(GLN)、内毒素组(LPS)、谷氨酰胺+内毒素组(GLN+LPS)。采用气管滴注LPS的方法刺激小鼠建立急性肺损伤(ALI)模型,在滴注LPS12 h后采集肺组织进行湿干重比值,IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8、HSP70、MUC5AC的mRNA水平,IL-6、TNF-α含量以及HSP70、MUC5AC蛋白含量的测定,通过HE染色观察肺组织形态学变化。结果显示:与对照组相比,LPS组MUC5AC、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8 mRNA表达量极显著升高,HSP70 mRNA表达量极显著降低;MUC5AC蛋白的表达量极显著增加,HSP70蛋白的表达量极显著降低;IL-6、TNF-α含量极显著升高,肺组织湿干比值极显著增加;肺泡破裂较严重,细支气管黏液分泌增加且可见杯状细胞部分脱落;与LPS组相比,GLN+LPS组IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA表达量极显著降低,MUC5AC、IL-8 mRNA表达量显著降低,HSP70 mRNA表达量显著升高;MUC5AC蛋白的表达量显著减少,HSP70蛋白的表达量显著升高,IL-6、TNF-α含量极显著降低;肺组织湿干比值显著减少;部分肺泡破裂,杯状细胞排列整齐,细支气管黏液分泌量减少。结果表明:静脉注射谷氨酰胺能减少LPS诱导的小鼠肺组织中MUC5AC、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8 mRNA和MUC5AC蛋白的表达,减少IL-6、TNF-α的含量,增加HSP70 mRNA和HSP70蛋白的表达,减轻肺组织损伤;谷氨酰胺可能通过增加HSP70的表达来对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠起到保护作用。     

木犀草素对LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺炎保护作用研究

为了观察木犀草素对LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺炎症的保护机制,试验采用LPS乳导管灌注方式建立小鼠乳腺炎动物模型,并通过ELISA法、H.E.染色、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性测定和Westernblot分析等检测了小鼠乳腺组织的相关指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,LPS能够明显导致乳腺组织病理学损伤,增加组织MPO活性,促进肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的产生以及NF-κB信号通路蛋白的表达,而木犀草素能够抑制LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺组织的炎症变化。说明木犀草素对小鼠乳腺炎症的发生具有一定保护作用。     

紫花地丁总黄酮体外抗炎活性研究

试验研究了紫花地丁总黄酮（TFV）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞活力、细胞中炎症介质含量以及相关基因表达的影响,以期探讨其体外抗炎活性的作用。试验采用MTT法筛选出TFV对小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞活力具有促进作用的最佳添加浓度;用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测了TFV对LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞释放到细胞培养液中NO、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白介素1β（IL-1β）、白介素6（IL-6）含量的影响;运用实时荧光定量PCR法检测了TFV对LPS诱导的炎性小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞TNF-α、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和环氧合酶2（COX-2）相对表达水平的影响;研究并分析了TFV的体外抗炎活性。试验结果表明,TFV在5~50 μg/mL浓度范围内能提高小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞的活力（P<0.05）;与LPS模型组比较,TFV能显著降低LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞产生NO、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的含量,并能显著降低LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞内TNF-α、COX-2等炎症因子的mRNA表达量（P<0.05）。综上,TFV能显著下调LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等细胞因子的释放量和下调TNF-α、COX-2 mRNA的表达量,说明抑制促炎性细胞因子基因的表达可能是实现其抗炎作用的原因之一。     

漏芦通过TLR4/NF-κB通路抑制脂多糖诱导的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞炎症反应

为探讨漏芦醇提物（RUEE）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞（HC11细胞）的抗炎作用及机制,试验利用RUEE(80μg/mL)、LPS(1μg/mL)单独处理以及RUEE(80μg/mL)+LPS(1μg/mL)共处理HC11细胞,采用荧光定量PCR检测炎性细胞因子及Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达水平,采用Western blotting检测核转录因子κB(NF-κB)通路关键因子的蛋白表达量。结果表明：LPS诱导可明显提高HC11细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）;明显上调TLR4 mRNA表达及NF-κB p65和NF-κB抑制蛋白α(IκBα)的磷酸化水平（P<0.05）。RUEE预处理可显著降低LPS诱导的HC11细胞TNF-α、COX-2、IL-6、IL-1β的mRNA表达（P<0.05）;显著下调TLR4 mRNA表达及NF-κB p65和IκBα的磷酸化水平（P<0.05）。由此可知漏芦醇提物可通过抑制TLR...     

黄芩苷黄芩素小檗碱对LLC-PK1细胞炎症模型中TNF-α IL-1β及IL-6表达的影响

研究中药黄芩苷、黄芩素、小檗碱对细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导的猪肾小管上皮细胞(LLC-PK1)中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNG-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)表达的影响。用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT法)筛选LPS、黄芩苷、黄芩素和小檗碱对细胞作用的最佳浓度,用RT-PCR检测TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA表达,以确定细胞炎症模型是否建立成功;炎症模型建立后,用最佳浓度的黄芩苷、黄芩素和小檗碱分别作用细胞24h,用qPCR检测TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6mRNA的表达量。结果LPS刺激组细胞TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA表达量极显著高于正常对照组(P0.01),黄芩苷、黄芩素和小檗碱作用组细胞TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6mRNA表达量比LPS刺激组显著降低(P0.05),与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。上述结果表明,黄芩苷、黄芩素和小檗碱通过抑制炎症细胞TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6 mRNA的表达,从而发挥抗炎作用。     

PYY对LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-6分泌的影响

为明确PYY对巨噬细胞炎性细胞因子分泌的调节作用,本试验分离培养健康小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,不同浓度PYY预处理后,以LPS刺激。ELISA方法检测细胞培养上清中TNF-α、IL-6含量,半定量PCR方法检测细胞中TNF-α、IL-6mRNA表达变化。结果显示：高浓度的PYY1-36（10-9-10-7 mol/L）和PYY3-36（10-8-10-7 mol/L）对LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α分泌具有显著抑制作用（P〈0.05）;PYY1-36对LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-6分泌无明显作用（P〉0.05）;不同浓度PYY3-36（10-11-10-7 mol/L）对LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-6分泌均具有显著抑制作用（P〈0.05）。表明PYY对LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞炎性细胞因子TNF-α及IL-6的分泌具有一定的抑制作用,提示PYY可能通过抑制炎性细胞因子的分泌而抑制炎症性疾病的发生发展。     

硒增强二十二碳六烯酸在脂多糖诱导巨噬细胞炎性反应中的抗炎作用

为了探究硒是否影响二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)在脂多糖(LPS)诱导巨噬细胞炎性反应中发挥的抗炎作用。小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞分别经10μg/m L DHA、10μg/m L DHA+0.05μmol/L亚硒酸钠、1μg/m L LPS、10μg/m L DHA+1μg/m L LPS、10μg/m L DHA+1μg/m L LPS+0.05μmol/L亚硒酸钠诱导24 h,同时设置无添加的正常组。采用半定量反转录PCR检测细胞肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素10(IL-10)mRNA表达量,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定培养液上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10含量。结果显示,添加亚硒酸钠(0.05μmol/L)不仅显著或极显著增强了DHA(10μg/m L)对LPS(1μg/m L)诱导RAW 264.7细胞中促炎细胞因子TNF-αmRNA表达(P0.05)和IL-1β生成(P0.01)的抑制作用,还极显著增强了DHA(10μg/m L)对LPS(1μg/m L)诱导RAW264.7细胞中抗炎细胞因子IL-10 mRNA表达的促进作用(P0.01)。由此提示,硒可增强DHA在LPS诱导巨噬细胞炎症反应中的抗炎作用。     

穿王消炎粉对LPS诱导大鼠急性肺损伤的治疗作用

【目的】 研究穿王消炎粉对脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的治疗作用。【方法】 将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分入空白组、左氧氟沙星阳性药物对照组、LPS模型组及穿王消炎粉低(1 g/kg体重)、中(2 g/kg体重)、高(4 g/kg体重)剂量组,每组10只。模型组和给药组大鼠经滴鼻法给予LPS(3 mg/kg体重)制备大鼠ALI模型,24 h后,给药组分别灌胃相应浓度的穿王消炎粉,模型组和空白组灌胃相同体积的生理盐水。治疗4 d后处死大鼠,分离血清、固定并冻存肺脏组织。测定各组大鼠肺脏组织湿/干重比;HE染色观察大鼠肺脏组织病理学变化;ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6含量;采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting法检测肺脏组织中IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达量。【结果】 与空白组相比,LPS模型组大鼠出现肺间质壁增厚,肺泡腔内炎性细胞浸润、出血,肺泡结构破坏等肺损伤症状,肺组织的湿/干重比极显著升高(P<0.01),血清中IL-1β、IL-6含量和肺脏组织中IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平及蛋白表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。与LPS模型组相比,各给药组大鼠肺间质增宽现象有所改善,肺组织的湿/干重比、血清和肺脏组织中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平及蛋白表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】 穿王消炎粉可有效抑制LPS诱导的急性肺部损伤和炎症程度。     

Study on the Building Conditions of Acute Lung Injury in Mice

In order to explore the building conditions of acute lung injury, healthy Kunming mice were selected, by intraperitoneal injection of cascade dose of LPS (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mg/kg) to observe the mice respiratory frequency, mortality, lung W/D value and the changes of tissue structure in different conditions, and detect the expression changes of inflammation cytokine, IL-10,TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ. The results showed that compared with control group, lung W/D value in 4 mg/kg LPS group significantly increased (P<0.05) and lung W/D values in 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg LPS groups extremely significantly increased (P<0.01). Pathological analysis showed that 6 mg/kg LPS group appeared lung congestion, alveolar luminal and pulmonary interstitial exudation, alveolar septal thickening, and a small amount of neutrophil infiltration. 8 and 10 mg/kg LPS groups appeared pulmonary congestion, alveolar and pulmonary interstitial exudation, alveolar septal thickening and neutrophil infiltration. Compared with control group, collagen fibers of the lung tissue in 6, 8, 10 mg/kg LPS group increased, and more appeared in the lung around the trachea, 10 mg/kg LPS group was the most obvious. The inflammatory factors in 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg LPS groups had extremely significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.01). Pathological biopsy and related indicators showed that the model of mice could be successfully constructed by intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg LPS for 12 h.     

小鼠急性肺损伤造模条件的探究

为探究构建急性肺损伤模型的条件,本试验选用健康昆明小鼠,经腹腔注射递增剂量脂多糖（LPS）（0、2、4、6、8、10 mg/kg）,观察不同条件下小鼠呼吸频率、死亡率、肺脏干湿重比值及组织结构变化,检测炎症因子IL-10、TNF-α、IL-1β及IFN-γ在不同程度肺损伤中的表达量变化。结果显示,4 mg/kg LPS组肺脏干湿重比值显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;6、8和10 m/kg LPS组肺脏干湿重比值极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。病理切片分析显示,6 mg/kg LPS组小鼠肺脏出现充血,肺泡腔及肺间质出现渗出,肺泡隔增厚,出现少量中性粒细胞浸润;8、10 mg/kg LPS组小鼠肺脏充血明显,肺泡腔及肺间质出现渗出,肺泡明显隔增厚,出现中性粒细胞浸润;与对照组相比,6、8、10 mg/kg LPS组肺组织中胶原纤维大量增多,且多出现在肺气管周围,10 mg/kg LPS组现象最明显。炎症因子检测分析结果显示,与对照组相比,2、4、6、8、10 mg/kg LPS组炎症因子均极显著增加（P<0.01）。结合病理组织切片及相关检测指标表明,昆明小鼠腹腔注射8 mg/kg LPS并作用12 h,可成功构建急性肺损伤模型。     

鼠源重组UBC13蛋白对脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性炎症的影响

试验旨在探讨鼠源重组UBC13蛋白对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠急性炎症的影响。将24只SPF雌性小鼠随机分成4组:PBS组,LPS模型组,重组UBC13蛋白高、低剂量组(分别为100和25μg/只),每组6只。LPS模型组与各蛋白剂量组腹腔注射20 mg/kg LPS,PBS组腹腔注射等体积PBS;注射结束1 h后,各蛋白组按相应剂量背部皮下多点注射重组UBC13蛋白,PBS组与LPS模型组注射等体积PBS。给予蛋白24 h后处死小鼠。收集小鼠肺脏、脾脏、胸腺及肝脏组织,计算脏器指数,HE染色观察组织病理学变化,实时荧光定量PCR检测肺脏、脾脏、胸腺和肝脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA的相对表达量,以及肺脏中iNOS mRNA的相对表达量,综合评价鼠源重组UBC13蛋白对LPS诱导小鼠急性炎症的影响。结果显示,与PBS组相比,LPS模型组小鼠肺脏、脾脏及肝脏指数均显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),且肺脏、脾脏和肝脏组织均出现病理变化。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与PBS组相比,LPS模型组肺脏、脾脏、胸腺和肝脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA相对表达量均极显著升高(P<0.01),肺脏中iNOS mRNA相对表达量也极显著升高(P<0.01);与LPS模型组相比,UBC13蛋白高剂量组肺脏、脾脏和肝脏中病理变化明显改善,肺脏、肝脏、脾脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6及肺脏中iNOS mRNA表达量均极显著降低(P<0.01);胸腺中TNF-αmRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05),IL-6 mRNA和IL-1β表达量极显著降低(P<0.01)。表明鼠源重组UBC13蛋白可下调炎性因子的表达,从而改善LPS诱导的小鼠急性炎症反应。     

Deposition in the Respiratory Tract of Cattle of Spores of Bacillus subtilis var niger by Inhalation and by Nasal Instillation

Spores of Bacillus subtilis var niger were deposited in the lungs, tracheae and nasal cavities of four calves by aerosol inhalation and in three calves by intranasal instillation. From each calf 20 specimens of lung tissue, each weighing one gm, three of trachea and three of nasal mucosa were examined for spore content. The average numbers of spores per gm of lung tissue from animals exposed to aerosols were 3.05 and 4.84, 2.35 and 2.02 x 10⁴. Lungs from animals exposed intranasally contained only 747, 62 and 1424 spores per gm of tissue respectively. Animals exposed intranasally had a hundred to a thousand fold more spores on nasal mucosa than animals exposed by aerosol and the latter had a thousand fold more spores on tracheal mucosa than calves exposed intranasally. Aerosol inhalation exposed the lung and trachea more densely and uniformly than did intranasal instillation.     

Comparison of acute inhalation toxicity of sulfuric acid by the inhalation and intratracheal instillation methods

Recently, intratracheal instillation has been focused on as a simple, low-cost alternative to the inhalation method. In this study, intratracheal instillation of sulfuric acid, a typical acidic compound, was performed to compare the acute toxicity of acidic compounds that could cause damage to the respiratory system between intratracheal instillation and inhalation. Sulfuric acid was administered to male rats at doses of 0.7, 2, 7, 20, and 60 mg/kg by dividing the total dose into four doses. General condition and body weight were examined up to 14 days after administration, and macropathological and histopathological examinations were performed. The half-lethal dose was then estimated. All animals administered 20 and 60 mg/kg sulfuric acid and one animal administered 2 mg/kg sulfuric acid died within 4 h after administration. No abnormalities were observed in other animals. At 20 and 60 mg/kg, multiple red foci or diffuse red areas were macroscopically observed in the lungs. In these lesions, histopathologically, clefts between the mucosal epithelium and basement membrane and necrosis of the alveolar epithelium were observed. Deaths in these groups may have resulted from lung injury. No notable changes were observed in other animals. Therefore, the half-lethal dose of sulfuric acid by intratracheal instillation was estimated as 7–20 mg/kg. The acute toxicity by intratracheal instillation was evaluated with two-fold sensitivity since the exposure at the half-lethal sulfuric acid concentration in inhalation studies was calculated as 43.2 mg/kg.     

A lipopolysaccharide-induced acute phase response in the pig is associated with a decrease in hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism

Drug disposition, including hepatic drug metabolism, is markedly affected by infection, inflammation and other conditions that invoke the acute phase response. In the present study, an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute phase response model was developed in pigs. This model was used to study the effects of the acute phase response on drug disposition and hepatic drug metabolism in vivo and in microsomal preparations. The results obtained were compared with those from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae -infected pigs. Intermittent intravenous administration of LPS induced a mild acute phase response as evidenced by increased rectal body temperatures, anorexia and increased cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) serum levels within 1-2 h after the first LPS injection. The acute phase response is associated with a pronounced decrease of antipyrine plasma clearance (control 8.5 ± 0.8 vs. LPS 2.2 ± 0.7 mL/min.kg). Furthermore, total cytochrome P450 content and microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent activities were significantly decreased after 24 h. The decrease in cytochrome P450 activities was accompanied by losses of cytochrome P4501A and P4503A apoproteins. The microsomal glucuronidation rate of 1-naphthol was not affected in LPS-treated pigs. Comparing the LPS model with our previous findings in the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae model showed a remarkable similarity with regard to the effects on hepatic drug metabolism.     

Respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes elicited by nasal instillation of capsaicin to anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs

Cardiopulmonary reflexes elicited by capsaicin (CAPS) instilled into the nasal passages were determined in 6 anesthetized dogs breathing spontaneously. Nasal instillation of CAPS (10 microg/ml, 10 ml) induced: 1) apneic response characterized by an increase in expiration time; 2) bronchoconstrictor response characterized by an increase in lung resistance and a decrease in dynamic compliance; and 3) cardiovascular response characterized by a decrease in heart rate and an increase in arterial blood pressure. These reflex responses to CAPS were attenuated by pretreatment with a higher dose of CAPS (100 microg/ml, 10 ml), suggesting desensitization of CAPS-sensitive endings. These results suggest that marked cardiopulmonary reflexes are produced by nasal CAPS instillation, which may result, at least in part, from stimulation of nasal CAPS-sensitive sensory afferents.     

Characterisation of the acute phase response of heifers to a prolonged low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide

The effect of a prolonged low dose infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPs) on acute phase-like reactions was examined in heifers. LPS (2 μg kg⁻¹ dissolved in 100 ml water), or saline was infused (at 1 ml min⁻¹) intravenously for 100 minutes and blood samples were taken at various times before, during and after the infusion. The serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNFα), interleukin-Ibeta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid A (SAA) and the rectal temperature increased in response to the LPS infusion. Serum TNFα increased before the increases in IL-1β and IL-6 and remained high from 20 minutes after the onset of the infusion until the end of the sampling period (six hours). The LPS-induced increases in serum IL-1β and IL-6 were biphasic. Plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations also increased, and plasma glucose and B-hydroxybutyrate concentrations decreased in response to the LPS infusion. The similarity of these reactions to changes observed in response to bacterial infections shows that the prolonged infusion of low doses of LPS is a good model for studying the acute phase response to Gramnegative bacterial infection in heifers.     

金荞麦对脂多糖诱导小鼠小肠炎症的保护作用

为探究金荞麦对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠小肠炎症的保护作用,试验使用雌性ICR小鼠,前期14 d饮水添加不同浓度金荞麦和阳性对照品——芦丁（Rutin）,随后腹腔注射LPS（10 mg/kg）构建小肠急性炎症模型,通过观察小鼠行为变化、血常规检测、组织切片和炎症相关基因定量检测等评估效果。结果发现,腹腔注射10 mg/kg的LPS可成功诱导小鼠急性肠炎;添加金荞麦能够剂量依赖性地降低LPS诱导的肠炎小鼠体重损失。血常规检测显示,腹腔注射LPS后导致小鼠血液白细胞数（WBC）、红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血小板数目（PLT）显著下降,添加金荞麦或芦丁能一定程度缓解由于LPS引起的血常规异常。小肠切片HE染色结果显示,腹腔注射LPS后小肠固有层中间出现大量灶性的炎性细胞浸润,腺上皮可见少量的炎性细胞浸润,肠道细胞排列紊乱,可见核分裂及核碎裂,同时黏膜充血、出血严重;添加金荞麦或芦丁能一定程度抑制炎性细胞浸润和黏膜出血。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,腹腔注射LPS能显著促进小肠促炎性因子IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的表达,添加金荞麦能剂量依赖性下调TNF-α和IL-1β的表达水平。以上结果表明饮水添加金荞麦和芦丁可以有效缓解LPS诱导的小鼠小肠炎症,金荞麦浓度为12%的添加剂量在部分指标上可达到或接近灌胃100 mg/kg芦丁的效果。