刺猬食管的组织结构和肥大细胞分布研究

应用石蜡切片技术和HE染色方法观察刺猬食管的显微结构特征,经甲苯胺蓝染色法鉴定食管肥大细胞的分布特点。结果显示:刺猬食管壁的黏膜有许多纵行皱褶,表面被覆复层上皮,浅层细胞角化,厚度为142.109 0μm。黏膜下层组织发达,含有丰富的食管腺和导管,厚度达327.390 6μm。肌层厚度为440.842 8μm,可分为内层环形肌和外层纵形肌。在固有层、黏膜肌层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜中均有肥大细胞分布,形态多样。结果表明:刺猬食管壁延展性较强,组织结构与其消化机能、食性特点具有一致性,大量的肥大细胞分布可为刺猬食管的黏膜提供一道有效的免疫屏障。     

泰和乌骨鸡回肠显微结构及黏膜上皮机械屏障结构

泰和乌骨鸡是江西省特色禽类,具有重要的营养和药用价值,但有关其消化器官的超微结构研究甚少。本试验通过光镜和透射电子显微镜技术对乌骨鸡回肠及其肠上皮细胞进行了观察。结果表明,回肠壁分为黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜4层;肠绒毛密集;肌层发达,且在外肌层和外膜之间有大量黑色素颗粒分布;肠绒毛固有层和上皮细胞基部有肥大细胞分布;回肠上皮主要由单层柱状吸收上皮细胞构成,杯状细胞较少;吸收上皮细胞游离面纹状缘明显,胞质内有大量的吸收颗粒、线粒体和粗面内质网;上皮细胞侧面有紧密连接、黏着小带和桥粒构成的连接复合体,构成完整的黏膜上皮机械屏障。     

产蛋期母鸡生殖系统中肥大细胞的定位研究

利用改良甲苯胺蓝组织化学方法,观察产蛋期母鸡卵巢和输卵管各段内肥大细胞的形态,并阐述肥大细胞在产蛋期母鸡卵巢和各输卵管中分布定位特点。结果肥大细胞广泛分布于母鸡生殖道中,在固有层和外膜均观察到紫红色的肥大细胞。卵巢中,肥大细胞主要分布于皮质的结缔组织、髓质的基质、正常与闭锁的卵泡膜中;输卵管内,肥大细胞分布于黏膜上皮下的固有层、固有层结缔组织、管状腺间、环行肌与纵行肌肌纤维间和小血管周围。各组织中单位视野下肥大细胞数量从高到低依次为:卵巢、漏斗部、阴道部、膨大部、子宫到峡部。表明卵巢中的肥大细胞的分布有助于自身分泌的组胺等物质迅速作用于卵巢,从而激活卵泡的发育等功能;而在输卵管中的分布及数量差异变化则与输卵管各段在生殖系统中的功能相关。     

GHSR—1a在奶山羊胃肠道的分布与表达

试验采用免疫组织化学、Real—timePCR和Western blotting方法测定ghrelin的功能性受体GHSR-1a（Growth hormone seeretagogue receptor-1a,GHSR-1a）在奶山羊胃肠道的分布和表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,GHSR—1a免疫阳性细胞广泛分布于奶山羊胃肠道。在皱胃主要定位于黏膜层和肌层;瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃黏膜层及肌层中也可见GHSR-1a免疫阳性细胞;在小肠主要位于十二指肠、空肠和回肠的黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层;在结肠、盲肠和直肠GHSR—1a免疫阳性细胞也有广泛分布;GHSR—1a主要表达于内在神经丛神经细胞、胃底腺上皮细胞、肠腺上皮细胞、复层鳞状上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞中。real—timePCR和Westernblotting结果显示,皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠GHSR—1a的表达水平相对较高,显著高于瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃的表达（P〈0．05）。结果表明,ghrelin可能通过GHsR-1a对奶山羊胃肠功能具有重要的调节作用。     

GHSR-1a在奶山羊胃肠道的分布与表达

试验采用免疫组织化学、Real-time PCR和Western blotting方法测定ghrelin的功能性受体GHSR-1a(Growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a,GHSR-1a)在奶山羊胃肠道的分布和表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,GHSR-1a免疫阳性细胞广泛分布于奶山羊胃肠道。在皱胃主要定位于黏膜层和肌层;瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃黏膜层及肌层中也可见GHSR-1a免疫阳性细胞;在小肠主要位于十二指肠、空肠和回肠的黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层;在结肠、盲肠和直肠GHSR-1a免疫阳性细胞也有广泛分布;GHSR-1a主要表达于内在神经丛神经细胞、胃底腺上皮细胞、肠腺上皮细胞、复层鳞状上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞中。real-time PCR和Western blotting结果显示,皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠GHSR-1a的表达水平相对较高,显著高于瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃的表达(P<0.05)。结果表明,ghrelin可能通过GHSR-1a对奶山羊胃肠功能具有重要的调节作用。     

鲤鱼消化管的形态学观察

运用大体解剖和常规组织学方法，对14尾全长300－380mm鲤鱼的消化管的形态进行了观察。结果表明，鲤鱼的消化管不发达，管壁由内向外分为黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层与外膜四层。口咽腔的黏膜内含有较多的味蕾；食管黏膜上皮的形态依皱襞部位而异：皱襞顶端为复层扁平上皮，侧部及基部则由数层粘液细胞和少量上皮细胞构成；食管后紧接前肠，无胃；除直肠外的肠壁固有层中均有不发达的肠腺分布。     

宁都黄鸡小肠显微结构和甲苯胺蓝染色阳性细胞分布特点

通过石蜡切片和HE染色方法观察了宁都黄鸡小肠的显微结构,同时通过改良甲苯胺蓝染色的方法鉴定小肠中的甲苯胺蓝染色阳性细胞.结果显示,宁都黄鸡小肠与一般禽类小肠显微结构类似,黏膜下层缺乏十二指肠腺,黏膜固有层缺乏淋巴小结.小肠从前到后,杯状细胞逐渐增多.3段小肠的肠腺和回肠杯状细胞呈甲苯胺蓝染色阳性.小肠壁四层结构中都有肥大细胞的分布,主要分布于黏膜上皮细胞下、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜结缔组织中.肥大细胞体积较大,多数呈卵圆形,有的细胞形态不规则,甚至有突起.胞核染色呈深蓝色,胞质中含有紫红色颗粒.结果表明,宁都黄鸡小肠腺细胞和杯状细胞甲苯胺蓝染色呈阳性,说明其能够分泌有助于吸收的活性物质;小肠中具有丰富的肥大细胞,说明宁都黄鸡有较完善的肠道免疫屏障.     

牦牛皱胃组织结构及黏膜免疫相关细胞研究

为揭示牦牛皱胃组织结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布与数量变化的规律,采用组织化学法、图像分析法及透射电镜技术,对牦牛皱胃组织结构及上皮内淋巴细胞、浆细胞和肥大细胞变化进行了研究.结果表明:牦牛皱胃胃壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜构成.皱胃幽门腺区胃小凹深度最深、腺体最长、肌层最厚;3个腺区肌层厚度、腺体长度之间差异极显著(P＜0.01);幽门腺区与胃底腺区、贲门腺区之间胃小凹差异极显著(P＜0.01),胃底腺区与贲门腺区之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).牦牛皱胃黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞数量和浆细胞数量,3个腺区之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);肥大细胞数量以胃底腺区最多,幽门腺区最少,两者之间差异极显著(P＜0.01),贲门腺区与胃底腺区和幽门腺区之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).皱胃各腺区固有层中均有大量的弥散淋巴细胞和孤立淋巴小结.电镜观察表明,胃小凹柱状上皮细胞排列紧密.幽门腺区固有层中有大量的黏液细胞,黏液细胞呈高柱状或锥体状,核位于基底部,在细胞顶端常聚集有较多的电子密度较高的颗粒.胃底腺区和贲门腺区有大量的壁细胞和主细胞.牦牛皱胃的组织结构和其他反刍动物基本相似,但各层有其明显特点.牦牛皱胃各腺区固有层中均有大量弥散淋巴细胞和孤立淋巴小结,使牦牛皱胃具有比其他反刍动物更强的黏膜免疫功能.     

Ghrelin在驯鹿胃肠道的表达及定位检测

通过实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和免疫组织化学技术对Ghrelin在驯鹿胃肠道的表达及定位进行初步研究。RT-qPCR结果显示,Ghrelin在驯鹿胃肠道内均有表达,且在皱胃内表达量极显著高于其他组织(P0.01),其次是十二指肠、回肠和结肠;免疫组织化学结果显示,Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞在皱胃内主要分布于黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层;在瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃的黏膜层、黏膜下层中也可见Ghrelin的免疫阳性细胞,但肌层中未见表达;在十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠的黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层均有Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞分布,且在肠绒毛和黏膜下层分布较多。RT-qPCR和免疫组织化学结果显示,Ghrelin在胃肠道内表达量及分布范围基本一致,这表明Ghrelin对驯鹿的消化可能具有潜在的调控作用。     

发情周期中山羊子宫和输卵管内肥大细胞及组织胺含量的变化

应用改良甲苯胺蓝染色法和透射电镜技术观察了山羊发情周期4个阶段肥大细胞（MC）在子宫和输卵管内的分布、形态及数量变化规律,用荧光测定改良法检测了子宫和输卵管组织中组织胺（HA）含量。结果显示：MC呈圆形、椭圆形或梭形,在子宫内主要分布在肌层,子宫外膜中零星散在,内膜中散在分布于固有层的子宫腺和血管周围,子宫阜和内膜上皮中未发现。输卵管内MC在黏膜皱襞、肌层和外膜中均有分布。MC在发情后期有明显的脱颗粒现象。发情周期中子宫及输卵管MC数量变化为：MC（发情后期）〉MC（发情前期）〉MC（间情期）〉MC（发情期）,子宫肌层MC数量各组间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,子宫固有层和输卵管内无显著变化。子宫角内HA含量在发情后期与其它时期有显著变化（P〈0．05）,子宫体、子宫颈和输卵管的变化不明显（P〉0．05）。     

秦岭细鳞鲑消化系统的形态学观察

运用大体解剖和常规组织学方法对秦岭细鳞鲑消化系统的组织形态进行了系统观察。结果表明,秦岭细鳞鲑的消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃和肠等4部分组成,除口咽腔外,管壁由内向外分为黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜。口咽腔宽大,上颌、犁骨及腭骨等处布有细齿,黏膜衬以复层扁平上皮,间有较多的黏液细胞和少量的杯状细胞及味蕾;食管粗而短,黏膜向管腔突出形成多个纵行皱襞,上皮由复层扁平上皮逐渐向单层柱状过渡,上皮细胞间可见到数量较多的粘液细胞和杯状细胞,食管腺不发达;胃体积较大,呈“U”形,包括贲门部、胃体和幽门部,胃体部小凹及胃底腺结构明显,肌层发达;胃与肠相接处有63-65个幽门盲囊,肠道粗短而略微盘曲,黏膜上皮为单层柱状,未见明显的肠腺。以上结果显示,秦岭细鳞鲑消化道组织结构与其肉食性功能密切相关。肝小叶界限不清;双列肝细胞围绕中央静脉呈放射状走行,肝细胞个体大、呈多边形,核呈圆形或卵圆形,1-2个。胰脏大部分环绕前肠边缘、呈细长条索状,另可见分散于幽门盲囊及胃周围的弥散部分;其外分泌部为管泡状腺,腺细胞呈锥体形,胰岛结构明显。     

大豆黄酮对余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究大豆黄酮对余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的作用。选择产蛋率相近的60周龄余干乌骨鸡180只,分为大豆黄酮组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。大豆黄酮组在基础饲粮中添加30g/t的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮。试验共8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,大豆黄酮组的产蛋率提高了11.67%(P<0.05),料蛋比降低了8.1%(P<0.05);大豆黄酮组的哈氏单位提高了7.7%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加30 g/t的大豆黄酮能提高余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期的产蛋性能和蛋品质。     

乌鸡中氟喹诺酮类药物残留现状分析

乌鸡是我国特有的地方鸡种,具有特殊种质性状和经济价值的品种资源,是药、肉、蛋、观赏兼用型多用途鸡种。但近些年日常监测显示,乌鸡产品中氟喹诺酮类药物残留超标较为严重,影响了乌鸡产业的健康发展。因此,本文收集了2016年-2021年国家市场监督管理总局公布的乌鸡中氟喹诺酮类药物残留超标的监测结果,对不合格产品的分布地区进行了比较研究,以期为氟喹诺酮类在乌鸡体内的残留监管以及药物的合理使用提出建议,确保乌鸡产品质量安全。     

Morphological study of the oesophagus and stomach of the Gopher snake Pituophis catenifer

The gastrointestinal tract of the snake has various distinctions from mammals, birds and other reptiles. Five gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer) were studied in relation to the gross anatomical measurements of visceral organs relative to body length as well as the histology of the oesophagus and the stomach. The oesophagus closely resembles the empty stomach upon gross examination. A small palpable thickening was observed at the junction of the oesophagus with the stomach. In both the oesophagus and the stomach, there were cellular and structural differences observed in the tunica mucosa which can be linked to the feeding habits and natural biology of the snake when compared to those of mammals. Both oesophagus and stomach were lined by simple columnar to pseudostratified columnar epithelium. There were no glands in the wall of the oesophagus. Scattered ciliated triangular cells (brush cells) were present among the columnar epithelial cells in the distal portion of the oesophagus. The stomach can be divided into three portions (proximal, middle and distal). The stomach has a small non-glandular portion with low folds. After this small non-glandular portion, glands started to appear and gradually increase in quantity. The largest quantity of glands appeared in the middle portion of the stomach with more branching folds resulting in a decrease in the lumen diameter. The tunica muscularis increased in thickness at the oesophageal and the pyloric-duodenal junctions. Positive statistical correlations were established in thickness of the tunica muscularis between proximal and distal portions of the oesophagus and the stomach.     

商品代白羽乌骨鸡早期肉用性能的观测

对商品代白羽乌骨鸡早期肉用性能进行了观测，并以泰和鸡、黄羽乌骨鸡为对照组。结果表明：１０周龄体重，白羽乌骨鸡为１０３１．５ｇ、黄羽乌骨鸡为８５４．６ｇ、泰和鸡为５０３．０ｇ，三个鸡种间差异极显著。三个鸡种饲料转化比、屠宰率差异不显著。     

凹甲陆龟溶组织内阿米巴原虫病的病理组织学观察

对患溶组织内阿米巴原虫病而死亡的凹甲陆龟进行了系统的病理组织学观察，该病的病变主要发生在消化道、肝、心脏、肾、脾等部位，尤以胃肠道和肝病变最为明显，表现为卡他性一坏死性胃肠炎和坏死性一肉芽肿性肝炎，胃肠黏膜出血、水肿、上皮细胞变性、坏死脱落，形成溃疡灶；肝细胞水泡变性，细胞核裂解，肝小叶内可见大小不等的结节性坏死灶，并伴有明显的炎症反应。     

An immunohistochemical study of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the equine gastrointestinal tract.

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are c-kit immunoreactive cells of the gastrointestinal tract which are suggested to have a role in the control of intestinal motility. Cells with c-kit immunoreactivity have not been previously described in the gastrointestinal tract of the horse. Immunoreactivity for c-kit was revealed using immunohistochemical labelling with an anti-c-kit polyclonal antibody. Sections of normal gastrointestinal tissue were examined from 13 anatomically defined sites from stomach to small colon taken from horses free from gastrointestinal disease. Three types of c-kit immunoreactive cells were identified: spindle-shaped cells in the region of the myenteric plexus, stellate or bipolar cells in the circular muscle layer, and round cells in the submucosa. The round cells were shown to be mast cells with the use of toluidine blue staining, whereas the other c-kit immunoreactive cells did not exhibit metachromasia and were classified as ICC. This study will serve as a basis for future pathological studies in the horse.     

芪枣提取物对余干乌骨鸡蛋品质、脂质代谢和血清抗氧化指标的的影响

本试验旨在研究芪枣提取物对余干乌骨鸡蛋品质、脂质代谢和血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验选用240日龄体况良好的余干乌骨鸡120只,随机分成4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加100、200和400 mg/kg芪枣提取物,试验期为56 d。结果表明：(1)余干乌骨鸡蛋壳黄度随芪枣提取物水平的增加呈线性增加(P<0.05),哈氏单位、蛋黄指数和蛋壳红度呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),其他蛋品质指标各组之间无显著差异。(2)饲粮中添加芪枣提取物对余干乌骨鸡血清的甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著差异。(3)芪枣提取物对余干乌骨鸡蛋黄胆固醇含量无影响。(4)余干乌骨鸡卵巢中VLDLR和肝脏中HMGR基因表达水平随芪枣提取物添加水平的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。(5)余干乌骨鸡血清中CAT、T-AOC和MDA含量随芪枣提取物水平的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加芪枣提取物能够提高余干乌骨鸡的抗氧化能力,并通过调节血清中脂肪代谢和抑制HMGR、VLDLR基因表达水平来调...     

Histomorphology of the stomach, proventriculus and ventriculus of the red jungle fowl

The cranial chamber (proventriculus) and caudal chamber (ventriculus) of the stomach of the Red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) were examined by means of light microscopy. Both chambers presented folds of the tunica mucosa lined by a simple prismatic epithelium that was positive for neutral mucin. Simple tubular glands occupied the lamina propria of both chambers; in the ventriculus of older birds, they showed a coiled base. These ventricular glands were lined by simple cuboidal cells represented by the chief cells and a few large basal cells. The luminal and tubular koilin rodlets and folds of the ventriculus were positive to periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain. The proventricular glands were situated between the inner and outer layers of the lamina muscularis mucosae. Cells lining the tubulo-alveolar units of the proventricular glands showed a dentate appearance. Vacuoles were not observed, and the cells were negative for Alcian-PAS stain. The tunica submucosa was very thin in the proventricular wall. In the ventriculus, it was not separated from the lamina propria owing to the absence of any lamina muscularis mucosae. The tunica muscularis of the proventriculus was formed by a thick inner layer of circular smooth muscle fibres and a thin outer layer of longitudinal fibres. In addition to these layers, oblique muscle fibres formed the most internal layer of the tunica muscularis in the ventriculus.     

An immunohistochemical study of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mice

The regional distributions and relative frequencies of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the eight portions (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of the gastrointestinal tract of C57BL/6 mouse was studied with immunohistochemical method using seven types of specific anti-sera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin, human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), glucagon, gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK)-8. In this study, all these seven types of immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of these IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open-type cell) while cells showing round in shape (closed-type cell) were found in the intestinal gland and stomach regions occasionally. Their relative frequencies were varied according to each portion of gastrointestinal tract. CGA-IR cells were demonstrated throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract and they showed most predominant in the pylorus and duodenum. Serotonin-IR cells were detected throughout whole gastrointestinal tract and they showed highest frequency in the stomach and colon. Somatostatin-IR cells were demonstrated throughout whole gastrointestinal tract except for large intestine and showed highest frequency in the fundus. HPP-IR cells were found in the fundus with rare frequency. Peculiarly, glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the fundus, ileum and colon with a few frequencies. Gastrin-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus with numerous frequency and CCK-8-IR cells were observed in the pylorus, duodenum and jejunum with numerous and/or a few frequencies, respectively. In conclusion, some peculiar distributional patterns of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were found in C57BL/6 mouse.