闽江大樟溪下游沿线湿地沉积物中重金属分布特征及生态风险评价

基于2018年7月采集的大樟溪下游沿线湿地表层沉积物样品,探讨了6种重金属(Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd)的沿程分布特征,并运用地累积指数法(I_(geo))和潜在生态风险指数法(RI)对其生态风险进行了评估。结果表明,湿地沉积物中重金属的平均含量整体表现为ZnPbCrCuNiCd,且其沿程变化较为一致,而这主要取决于沉积物粒度组成、磁学参数、pH、EC和有机质的沿程分布。湿地沉积物中的6种重金属含量均于桃花洲、耕櫵亭、方庄村和奥莱时代出现较低值,原因主要与4个采样点的采砂活动改变了河流水沙条件使得沉积物发生粗化有关。湿地沉积物中6种重金属之间均存在极显著正相关关系(P0.01),说明其具有同源性,并可能代表了一个因采砂/采石活动以及建筑/生活垃圾堆放导致的复合污染源。大樟溪下游沿线湿地大部分样点的Pb处于轻度污染状态,而Cd处于中度污染状态。6种重金属平均单项潜在生态风险指数(E■)表现为CdPbNiCuCrZn,Cd具有强生态风险。所有样点重金属的平均RI值为228.62,说明湿地整体处于中等生态风险。研究发现,尽管大樟溪下游沿线湿地沉积物中的重金属含量相比闽江上游其它支流和闽江中下游河段处于一个较低水平,但其Pb、Cd污染及生态风险(特别是Cd)仍较为突出,故下一步在加强对沿线湿地管控时应给予特别重视。     

连云港近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及潜在生态危害

采用变异系数、富集系数、潜在生态危害指数分析评价连云港近岸海域表层沉积物中的重金属的相关特性。结果表明:重金属的空间分布离散性及富集程度存在明显差异,重金属元素空间波动程度依次为Cu=Cd>Hg>Cr>As>Zn>Pb,富集程度依次为Zn>Cr>Cd>Cu>As>Pb>Hg;除Cd在5号站位处于中等污染水平外,其他各重金属的潜在生态危害处于轻微水平,潜在生态危害系数依次为Cd>Hg>As>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn,港口区域重金属富集程度较重,潜在生态危害指数相对较高;有机碳和酸可挥发性硫化物影响到重金属的迁移与转化,进而影响其潜在生态危害程度及生物毒性。     

开封市某高校校园地表灰尘重金属分布特征及生态风险评估

【目的】高校校园地表灰尘重金属污染关系到师生健康,探究其地表灰尘重金属环境风险,可为高校校园管理提供数据支持。【方法】采集开封市某高校校园内外地表灰尘52个样品,测定样品中重金属镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)和锌(Zn)的含量,使用地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法分析重金属的污染程度和生态风险。【结果】高校地表灰尘重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn平均含量分别为1.05、88.36、47.04、29.76、68.72和328.87 mg kg^-1,其中Cd和Zn含量分别为当地灰尘背景值的3.49倍和4.26倍。地积累指数分析表明,地表灰尘重金属污染指数平均值由高到低依次为Zn> Cd> Pb> Cu> Cr> Ni,其中Zn与Cd处于偏中度污染,Pb,Cu和Cr处于轻度污染,Ni处于无污染状态。潜在生态风险评价表明,高校地表灰尘中6种重金属综合潜在生态风险指数为144.53,属于“轻微”生态风险等级,其中Cd是该高校地表灰尘中最主要的生态风险影响因子。正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF)表明,Cr和Ni主要来...     

黄河三角洲表层土壤重金属空间分布与潜在生态风险评价

研究黄河三角洲表层土壤中重金属空间分布特征,评价其潜在生态风险。结果表明:表层土壤(0-20 cm)Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni、As和Hg的平均含量为27.87,79.19,69.01,0.383,21.98,33.42,13.76,0.025 mg/kg。除Cd外,其他重金属含量平均值均小于国家二级标准值;各重金属空间分布均呈现自西北向东南递减的趋势,且实验区含量最高,核心区含量最小;Hakanson潜在生态风险指数评价表明,Cd为中等-较强生态危害,其余重金属单项均为轻微生态危害,潜在风险程度由高到低依次为Cd>Hg>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn;保护区综合潜在生态风险为轻微-中等生态危害,呈实验区>缓冲区>核心区的规律。重金属受人类活动影响较大,距离人类活动较近区域含量高,较远区域含量低。     

网络版摘要

<正>佛山市南海区大沥镇土壤重金属污染调查万云兵1,李伟中1,张景书2(1.佛山市南海区环境科学研究所,广东佛山528200;2.佛山市南海区环境技术中心,广东佛山528200)介绍了佛山市大沥镇土壤重金属污染现状,并以《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15168—1995)二级标准对土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd污染情况进行了分析与评价,评价结果表明大沥镇土壤中重金属含量依次为:Cd>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb,其中Cd、Ni污染较为严重。     

博斯腾湖湿地边缘带农田土壤重金属的污染风险评价

对新疆博斯腾湖湿地边缘带农田土壤中8种重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn)地球化学特征进行分析。采用污染负荷指数(PLI)、潜在生态风险指数(RI)和生态风险预警指数(IER)对农田土壤重金属污染与环境风险进行评价。结果表明:(1)湿地边缘带农田土壤Pb和Zn呈现重度污染,As、Cd、Cr和Ni轻度污染,Cu轻微污染,Mn无污染。土壤As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn平均含量处于轻微风险水平。Cd是污染程度与生态风险等级最高的重金属元素;(2)湿地边缘带农田土壤PLI平均值为1.43,呈现轻度污染,RI平均值为20.62,呈现轻微生态风险状态,IER的平均值为–4.53,呈现无警态势。湿地边缘带PLI、RI与IER空间分布格局基本一致;(3)湿地边缘带农田土壤Pb与Zn来源主要受到人类活动的影响,Cr、Cu、Mn与Ni来源主要受到土壤地球化学作用的控制,As与Cd受自然因素和人为因素共同影响。     

三峡库区小江流域土壤重金属的分布特征与评价分析

通过对小江流域消落带土壤重金属分布特征和评价分析,结果表明,重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni含量均值分别为23.76mgkg-1、20.78mgkg-1、82.92mgkg-1、36.84mgkg-1、0.064mgkg-1、38.08mgkg-1,均未超过国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995),其中Zn、Pb、Ni均高于重庆市土壤背景值。Cr与Cd、Cu与Zn、Cu与Cd,Cu与Ni的相关系数分别为0.9077、0.7969、0.4217、0.4347,呈正相关性。但其他元素间相关性不显著。Ni是本区表层土壤重金属污染的主要因子,重金属元素的污染程度依次为Ni>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Cr。土壤重金属单项污染指数均值小于0.7,综合污染指数为0.47,总体上,污染水平为清洁,土壤重金属潜在生态风险为轻度生态危害。不同功能区潜在生态危害程度上以三中最大,其次为中原和铺溪,产生潜在生态危害的主要重金属是Cd、Pb,Cu、Cr次之。     

107国道两侧土壤重金属分布及潜在生态危害研究

为了研究公路运营对两侧农田造成的重金属污染状况,以107国道新乡段秦庄村附近农田土壤为对象,按距路基不同的距离布设采样点,用F-AAS法测定土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni的含量,并采用Hakanson指数法评价重金属的潜在生态危害。结果表明公路两侧农田土壤重金属含量随距路基距离的增大而呈降低趋势,各重金属含量的峰值均出现在距路基10～30m处;公路两侧300m范围内土壤受到不同程度的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni污染和潜在生态危害,重金属污染程度为:Ni>Pb>Zn>Cd>Cr>Cu,潜在生态危害综合指数达到中等,主要污染为Cd、Ni,达到强生态危害,其次是Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn,为轻微生态危害;公路西侧土壤污染程度大于东侧;Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn主要来自机动车燃料,轮胎等机件,是典型的交通源重金属元素。     

新疆奎屯垦区土壤重金属风险评价

采用网格法采样,对新疆奎屯垦区3个团场土壤中As、Pb、Cu、Cd、Cr和Ni含量进行了测定,系统分析了该地区土壤重金属的含量水平、潜在生态风险程度、主要污染因子和污染来源。结果表明:奎屯垦区土壤重金属As、Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni的平均值分别为20.21 mg kg-1、35.91 mg kg-1、0.40 mg kg-1、27.18 mg kg-1、77.02 mg kg-1、39.31 mg kg-1,均没有超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准,但As、Cd有个别样点超标。各元素平均含量值均超过新疆土壤背景值,其中Cd、As、Pb最为显著,呈现出累积趋势。各重金属潜在生态风险由高至低顺序为Cd>As>Pb>Ni>Cu>Cr,其中Cd为主要潜在生态风险因子。进一步相关分析和因子分析结果显示,各元素的来源可分为两类,Cd、Pb和As为一类,来源主要受各种人为活动影响,Cu、Cr、Ni为一类,来源主要与成土母质有关。     

淮南煤矿复垦区土壤重金属含量分布及潜在生态风险评价

以淮南矿区煤矸石充填复垦地为研究对象,对该复垦区不同土地利用方式(小麦地、桃林、蔬菜大棚、油菜地)下土壤Cd,Zn,As,Ni,Cu,Pb,Cr,Mn共8种重金属含量进行了分析和评价。结果表明,相对土壤背景值,该复垦区土壤中Zn,Cr,Mn,As污染较为严重相对未复垦区,复垦区土壤中的Zn,Cd,As分别是未复垦区的4.38,2.57和2.20倍,具有明显的累积现象。不同土地利用方式土壤重金属含量差异较大,小麦地和桃林地的Zn,Cd,As含量远大于油菜地和蔬菜大棚,Cr含量则表现为桃林地、蔬菜地远大于小麦地和油菜地,Ni,Cu,Mn,Pb在4种土地利用类型下的差异不显著。土地利用方式、施肥以及受采矿活动的影响程度不同是导致土壤重金属含量差异的主要原因。淮南煤矿复垦土壤中各重金属的生态风险顺序为:Cd>Zn>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Mn。Cd的潜在生态风险值最大(89.71),属于强生态风险,其余元素均为轻微风险。不同土地利用方式的风险顺序为:小麦地>桃林地>蔬菜大棚>油菜地。     

汉江上游汉中段河流表层沉积物重金属污染风险评价

通过监测汉江上游汉中段河流表层沉积物重金属Pb,Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr的浓度,分析了各元素的含量分布特征,并选用Hakanson生态风险指数法对研究区进行了环境风险评价。结果表明,汉江上游汉中段各监测点重金属富集顺序为:Cd >Zn >Pb >Cr >Cu。单个重金属的污染指数C_fⁱ显示,汉江上游汉中段监测点仅有Cu的含量均值为0.83,小于1,为轻微污染;Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr的均值分别为1.06,1.25,1.33,1.02,略大于等于1,处于轻微污染以上水平,达到中度污染水平。综合分析多项重金属污染系数C_d,单项重金属的潜在生态风险系数E_rⁱ和多种重金属的生态系统的潜在生态风险指数I_R可知,汉江上游汉中段各监测点沉积物重金属污染属于轻微生态危害。     

大沽河湿地表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价

胶州湾属半封闭海湾,水体交换能力较弱,受多条河流入海影响,污染日趋加重,通过大沽河的径流量、输沙量和溶解污染物占到胶州湾入海河流的首位。根据区域特征,于2009年2、5、8、11月对大沽河湿地48个采样点表层沉积物中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As、有机碳、粒度进行测定,探讨了重金属含量和污染特征与总有机碳、粒度的关系,利用污染评价法和潜在生态风险评价法进行污染和风险分析。结果表明：胶州湾大沽河湿地表层沉积物重金属含量较低,大部分测站符合海洋沉积物质量（GB 18668—2002）Ⅰ类标准的要求。表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn含量8月份最高、2月份次之、5月份最低。Pb、Hg、As 3种重金属含量在2月份最高。Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd重金属之间存在显著正相关关系,Hg与As存在明显的相关关系;除Cd和As外的4种重金属与沉积物粘土、有机碳含量之间也存在显著正相关性。重金属单因子污染程度总体较轻,属于低污染水平,污染程度依次为Hg〉Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉As〉Zn。大沽河河口区表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险总体处于较低水平,风险程度依次为Hg〉Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉As〉Zn。     

抚仙湖重金属污染强度、历史及来源的沉积记录

This study focused on the concentration change of heavy metals of sediment cores in heavily polluted north area and less polluted middle area of Fuxian Lake in Southwest China.On the basis of the analysis of Cu,Ni,Ti,V,Pb,Cd,and Zn concentration-depth profiles,the pollution history of heavy metals was studied using ¹³⁷cesium (¹³⁷Cs) dating.The sources of heavy metals were distinguished by normalization of their profiles to aluminum and analysis of heavy metal concentrations of potential source materials.Geoaccumulation index (I_geo) was used to quantify their contamination intensity.The results showed that all the heavy metals found in the Fuxian Lake sediments originated naturally before 1980s.Cu,Ni,Ti,and V were still mainly natural in the north lake after 1980s,Cu,Ni,Ti,V,and Pb were mainly natural in the middle lake at all time,but the concentrations of Pb and Zn in the north lake were influenced by industrial wastes from the phosphorus fertilizer factory and cement plants.In all the lake,the contaminations of Cd and Zn were the results of agricultural cultivation using a large amount of fertilizers and the atmospheric fallouts of dusts from cement plants.At present,the geoaccumulation indices showed that the Fuxian Lake sediments were moderately to strongly polluted by Cd in the middle lake,and unpolluted to moderately polluted by Pb and Zn and strongly polluted by Cd in the north lake.Moreover,the pollution intensities of Cd,Zn,and Pb have been increased since 1980s.     

广州市流花湖沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评估

近年来重金属污染日益加重,对人类及水生态系统健康产生较大危害。本研究选择广州市典型城市湖泊——流花湖,利用地累积指数(Igeo)、潜在生态风险指数(RI)对沉积物中12种重金属的污染水平、垂向分布特征及其潜在生态风险进行评价,并通过多元统计分析对金属元素的来源进行解析。结果表明:①湖泊沉积物重金属含量(Mn、V除外)均显著高于区域土壤背景值,自下而上呈现先增加后减少的趋势;②地累积指数评价结果显示Cd、Zn、Sb、Cu、Pb和As这6种重金属污染较严重,其中Cd偏重度污染的状态(Igeo=3.89);③不同重金属元素污染水平有较大差异,Cd、Cu、Zn、Sb、Pb、As、Ni、Cr、Tl、Co的单个重金属污染指数(Cif)均为中等污染水平以上,而生态风险系数(Eif)表现为Cd(Eif=818.6)极严重等级,Sb(Eif=82.64)重度风险等级,其他10种重金属Eif均为轻度风险等级;④该湖RI指数变化幅度剧烈(105.85相似文献   

贵州草海沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险分析

为研究重金属在草海沉积物中富集污染状况,以7种毒性重金属为研究对象,从不同方位对草海沉积物中重金属进行采样测试,分析重金属含量水平及空间分布特征,同时应用潜在生态危害指数法进行评价。结果表明,草海沉积物中重金属富集特征为Zn〉Cr〉Pb〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Hg,且在空间分布上呈现从湖心向边缘逐渐减少的趋势,重金属污染程度表现为Cd〉Hg〉Zn〉Pb〉As〉Cu〉Cr,在Cd的潜在生态风险系数高贡献下,沉积物中重金属潜在生态风险指数均大于150,多数达到严重程度。     

黔西煤矿区周边土壤重金属形态特征、污染评价及富集植物筛选

[目的]研究黔西某煤矿区周边土壤重金属污染情况、重金属形态潜在风险及其周边重金属富集植物,为当地的重金属污染防治提供科学依据。[方法]采用潜在生态风险评价及模糊数学法的两种评价方法(单因素决定模型和加权平均模型)对煤矿区及非煤矿区土壤进行重金属生态风险评价,对影响土壤肥力的土壤理化指标进行检测,利用风险评估编码法对重金属形态进行分析,并采用生物富集系数法对煤矿区周边富集重金属植物进行筛选。[结果]煤矿区Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cr及Ni平均值含量分别是背景值的2.47,3.65,2.00,1.23,1.74,1.69倍。煤矿区潜在生态危害趋势为:CdHgAsNiCrPbZn。模糊数学法单因素决定模型评价显示,非煤矿区污染大于煤矿区,加权平均模型则反之。煤矿区Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb及Zn潜在风险指数分别为69.17%,7.97%,8.24%,40.10%,45.29%,53.70%及29.90%。蜈蚣草对As富集系数大于1.00,火棘、构树、盐肤木、马桑、凤尾蕨及金丝梅等对Cd富集系数大于1.00,马桑及白蒿对Pb富集系数大于1.00。[结论]煤矿区存在重金属污染,以Cd,As,Hg较为严重。煤矿区周边土壤中重金属对环境构成的潜在风险顺序为:CdPbNiMnZnCuCr。对当地而言,蜈蚣草可作为煤矿区周边修复As污染的先行植物,凤尾蕨可作为修复Cd污染的先行植物,马桑可作为修复Pb污染的先行植物。     

Long-term cultivation impact on the heavy metal behavior in a reclaimed wetland,Northeast China

Purpose

Heavy metal fractionation varies according to land uses. To understand the behavior of heavy metals in wetland soils under long-term agricultural cultivation, we examined the distribution, source, and associated environmental risk of heavy metals in different types of wetland soils.

Materials and methods

Soils were collected in cultivated lands, artificial ditches, and riparian zones from a reclaimed wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. They were analyzed for total concentrations and chemical fractions of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni, as well as pH, soil organic matter, total phosphorus, and particle size distribution.

Results and discussion

Heavy metal concentrations were significantly lower in cultivated wetland than in ditch and riparian wetlands. Riparian wetland was found to exhibit the highest metal concentrations. When compared with other two wetland types, the cultivated wetland showed much higher partitioning levels of heavy metals in the acid-soluble fraction and lower partitioning levels in the oxidizable fraction. Although Cr, Cu, and Ni in ditch and riparian wetlands were identified as the metal pollutants of primary concern, they had a low or no risk of further dispersion to other environmental components. Weathering of parent materials was the main source of Cr and Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn originated mainly from agricultural practices, and Ni emanated from a mixture of sources.

Conclusions

Long-term agricultural cultivation can lead to significant heavy metal loss in cultivated wetland but enrich heavy metal concentrations in ditch and riparian wetlands. Periodic ditch dredging is considered an effective measure for decreasing heavy metal input into the fluvial system and thereby reducing the dispersion to the regional water environment.     

Distribution of heavy metals in soils of the Yellow River Delta: concentrations in different soil horizons and source identification

Purpose

The Yellow River Delta, an active land-ocean interaction area, will develop into a large eco-economic region in East China during the coming decade. It is necessary to assess the geochemical features of heavy metals in the soils. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the concentrations and distribution of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) in soil profiles of the area and to identify their sources.

Materials and methods

Horizon samples were collected based on pedogenic features from bottom to top in each profile to a depth of 120 cm and a total of 92 samples were collected. The sampling sites were grouped into four lines from inland to coastal area with three land use types (cotton field, cereal field, and wetland). The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Iron oxide fractions in the soil were extracted by oxalate-oxalic acid and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the mineral composition of the soils. Multivariate statistical analysis and historical data were employed to identify the possible sources of these heavy metals.

Results and discussion

The mean concentrations of heavy metals were elevated along the Yellow River region and in the southern part of the delta; however, they were generally lower than the Chinese guideline values. As for the depth distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles, the maximum values of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in middle horizon of cotton field were almost twice than those in surface horizon. The iron oxides and XRD analysis indicated that the trace elements accumulation appeared to be related with the contents of crystalline iron oxide and layer silicates. Historical data from suspended sediments of the Yellow River and principal component analysis (PCA) implied that most of the metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) were sourced from natural alluviation and sedimentation.

Conclusions

The Yellow River Delta soils were slightly polluted by heavy metals the Yellow River Delta. The special pedogenic horizon characterized by higher iron oxides and layered silicates minerals in the middle and lower part of the soil profile was found with heavy metals enrichment, which required to be studied further. Suspended sediments transported by the Yellow River were suggested to be one of the major sources for the heavy metals accumulation in the basal soils of this region.     

水源涵养和生态保育清洁小流域河流沉积物重金属的特征及潜在风险——以董铺—大房郢水库为例

[目的]为了解安徽省合肥市饮用水源地水源涵养和生态保育清洁小流域(董铺水库和大房郢水库)汇水河流表层沉积物中重金属对下游水库的影响。[方法]在该区域3条主要汇水河流采集了23个沉积物样品,分别测定了沉积物中7种重金属(Zn,Cu,Cr,As,Cd,Pb和Hg)的含量,并采用潜在生态风险指数法(I_R)和地累积指数法(I_(geo))评估其潜在生态风险,主成分分析法解析其可能来源。[结果]研究区域重金属分布存在差异,As和Cd在泗水河上的C_1和C2两点含量超过了维护人体健康的土壤环境质量二级标准限值,且Cd在此两点的易利用态占比为34.97%和37.67%,具有较强的生物有效性;Cd生态风险指数普遍偏高,达强度等级,其中泗水河上的C_1和C2两点达极强等级;同时S_8点Hg生态风险达到强度等级,其余6种重金属生态风险水平较低。该区域重金属主要来自于人与自然混合源和人为源,贡献率分别为51.11%和27.70%。[结论]在泗水河下游流域Cd污染较为突出,为减小其对下游水库的影响,应加强Cd的污染治理。