Effects of Plate Luting on Cortical Vascularity and Development of Cortical Porosity in Canine Femurs

A 4.5 mm, six hole dynamic compression plate was applied to the lateral aspect of one femur in 16 dogs. The plate was luted with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in eight dogs. Four dogs each from the luted and nonluted groups were euthanatized at weeks 5 and 10. Plated femurs were sectioned and processed for microradiography, microangiography, and correlated histology. At week 5, there was decreased vascularity in the outer one third of the cortex beneath luted plates and normal to increased vascularity in the inner two thirds of the cortex. Increased cortical porosity and a decreased percentage of osteocyte-filled lacunae were found in the cortex beneath luted plates at week 5. At week 10, vascularity was increased throughout the cortex under luted plates. Under nonluted plates, there was normal to increased vascularity at both time periods. Luting a bone plate with PMMA decreased vascularity to the outer one third of the cortex beneath the plate at week 5, and resulted in accelerated resorption of bone.     

A Biomechanical Evaluation and Assessment of the Accuracy of Reduction of Two Methods of Acetabular Osteotomy Fixation in Dogs

Objective—To compare the accuracy of reduction, biomechanical characteristics, and mode of failure of two methods of acetabular osteotomy repair. Study Design—Acetabular osteotomies were created in 16 paired hemipelves and stabilized with a screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate composite fixation technique (SWP) or a 2-mm veterinary acetabular plate (VAP). Eight intact hemipelves were used as controls. Sample Population—Twelve canine cadavers. Methods—Accuracy of osteotomy reduction was evaluated grossly and by measurement of articular incongruencies formed in polyvinylsiloxane impression casts. Acetabula were loaded in modified bending until failure using a universal testing machine. Data from load-deformation curves were used to determine the biomechanical characteristics of the repaired and intact acetabula. Mode of failure was evaluated grossly and radiographically. Results—Osteotomy reduction was superior in acetabula stabilized with SWP. Mean values ± standard deviation for load at failure and stiffness of the intact acetabula were 2,796 ± 152.9 N and 267.5 ±61.9 N/mm. Corresponding values for SWP and VAP were 1,192 ± 202.7 N and 136.3 ± 76.5 N/mm, and 1,100.5 ± 331.6 N and 110.0 ± 51.3 N/mm, respectively. The mean load at failure and stiffness of intact acetabula was significantly greater than acetabula stabilized with SWP or VAP. There was no significant difference between SWP and VAP for load at failure or stiffness. Failure of acetabula stabilized with SWP occurred by fracture of the polymethylmethacrylate and ventrolateral bending of the wires. Acetabula stabilized with VAP failed by ventrolateral twisting of the plate and bending of the caudal screws. Conclusions—SWP and VAP provide comparable rigidity, however, the SWP facilitates more accurate osteotomy reduction. Clinical Relevance—These findings support the use of the SWP technique as an alternative method of acetabular fracture repair.     

宗教与人文精神之重建——读唐君毅《人文精神之重建》札记

现代新儒家杰出代表唐君毅认为中国传统的儒家学说具有丰厚的人文精神,但也有缺乏科学精神和宗教精神的不足。在重建人文精神的过程中,对融合科学精神已经得到普遍的肯定,但对融合宗教精神则受到普遍反对。唐君毅主张融合宗教精神以重建中国人文精神的观点是有其合理性的。我们需要宗教精神,从事道德文化实践,以不断完善自身。     

接种剂与酶制剂对玉米秸秆-酒糟青贮瘤胃纤维物质降解的影响

试验在秸秆和酒糟青贮中添加接种剂和酶制剂,其目的在于促进发酵、提高青贮秸秆中纤维成分的降解率,现报道如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 试验材料 青贮饲料原料为蜡熟期去穗玉米秸秆和白酒生产的副产品酒糟,原料均来自于大庆近郊农区.     

Effect of Betamethasone and Exercise on Equine Carpal Joints With Osteochondral Fragments

Osteochondral fragments were created arthroscopically on the distal aspect of both radial carpal bones in 12 horses. On day 14 after surgery, one middle carpal joint of each horse was injected with 2.5 mL Betavet Soluspan (3.9 mg betamethasone sodium phosphate and 12 mg betamethasone acetate per milliliter) and the contralateral joint was injected with 2.5 mL saline as a control. Intra-articular treatments were repeated on day 35. On day 17, six horses began exercising 5 days per week on a high-speed treadmill. The other six horses were kept in box stalls throughout the study as nonexercised controls. On day 56, all horses were examined clinically and radiographically and then were euthanatized. Samples were obtained for histological, his-tochemical, and biochemical evaluation. Mild lameness was observed in five of the six exercised horses at day 56; four horses were lame in the control limb and one horse was lame in the treated limb. Of the five nonexercised horses evaluated for lameness, two were lame in the control limb, two were lame in the treated limb, and one was lame in both the control and the treated limb. No differences were noted on radiographs or palpation of steroid treated limbs versus control limbs. Firm reattachment of the osteochondral fragment to the radial carpal bone occurred in all but three joints. Gross cartilage damage was not different between steroid-treated joints and joints injected with saline. Histologically, there were no significant detrimental effects of betamethasone with or without exercise, but there was a tendency for more pathological change in treated joints. There was a trend toward decreased glycosaminoglycan staining in steroid treated joints of rested horses, whereas exercised horses had similar glycosaminoglycan staining in treated and control joints. No significant difference in the water content or uronic acid concentration was detected between treated and control joints. Intra-articular betamethasone administration in this carpal chip model was not associated with any significant detrimental effects in either rested or exercised horses.     

平菇菌糠替代部分精料饲喂奶牛试验

利用平菇菌糠代替部分精料饲养产奶期奶牛,记录日产奶情况,试验期为30d,结果表明,试验组每头奶牛日产奶36kg,对照组每头牛日产奶34kg,试验组比对照组日产奶提高4.9%(P>0.05),效益增加明显。     

Evaluation of an Oscillometric Blood Pressure Monitor on Anesthetized Cats and the Effect of Cuff Placement and Fur on Accuracy

Objectives — (1) To determine the usefulness of one specific oscillometric monitor for making indirect measurements of arterial pressure in cats. (2) To determine the difference between two specific cuff placement sites. (3) To determine if clipping the hair beneath the cuff has an affect on the accuracy of oscillometric blood pressure determination.
Study Design — Prospective study comparing the accuracy of the Datascope Passport (Data-scope Corp, Paramus, NJ) with concurrent invasive measurements.
Animals — Six anesthetized domestic felines weighing 4.5 to 5 kg.
Methods — The direct arterial pressure was measured using a cannula placed in the right common carotid artery. Oscillometric cuffs of appropriate size were placed on both thoracic limbs distal to the elbow and both pelvic limbs distal to the stifle. The hair in the areas of cuff placement on the right limbs was clipped circumferentially. Measurements of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were taken for each site during normotension, hypotension, and hypertension. Comparisons between indirect and direct measurements were made using a parametric analysis of method comparison.
Results — No significant differences were noted when die clipped limbs were compared with the corresponding limbs which were left undipped ( P >.378) or when the thoracic limb measurements were compared widi those of the pelvic limb ( P >.088). There were significant differences ( P <.002) between the two pressure measurement methods for the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures over all three pressure ranges.
Conclusions — The Datascope Passport did not accurately estimate the invasively measured arterial pressure.
Clinical Relevance — Use of noninvasive blood pressure monitoring equipment is increasing in use in veterinary medicine, and the accuracy of one specific monitor is reported.     

活菌制剂改进猪氮转化和减少猪舍氨气的研究

试验在两条万头猪生产线的生长猪舍内同步进行.在生长猪正常日粮中添加0.05%的活菌制剂,添加前和持续添加10 d后,分别测定猪舍内氨气含量和粪便、尿中总氮和氨氮的浓度.结果表明,连续使用活菌制剂10 d后,两条线舍内氨含量分别降低了40.28%和56.46%,尿中总氮和氨氮降低25%～38%,差异显著;粪中总氮和氨氮差异不显著.     

活菌制剂改进猪氮转化和减少猪舍氨气的研究

试验在两条万头猪生产线的生长猪舍内同步进行，在生长猪正常日粮中添加0．05％的活菌制剂，添加前和持续添加10d后，分别测定猪舍内氨气含量和粪便，尿中总氮和氨氮的浓度，结果表明，连续使用活菌制剂10d后，两条线舍内氨含量分别降低了40．28％，和56．46％，尿中总氮和氨氮降低25％－38％，差异显著；粪中总氮和氨氮差异不显著。     

The Effect of Combined Therapy With Captopril, Furosemide, and a Sodium-Restricted Diet on Serum Electrolyte Concentrations and Renal Function in Normal Dogs and Dogs With Congestive Heart Failure

Captopril, furosemide, and a sodium-restricted diet were administered to 6 normal dogs and 10 dogs with congestive heart failure. Serum electrolyte concentrations and renal function were monitored in both groups. In the normal dogs, no clinically meaningful changes in serum electrolyte, urea nitrogen, or creatinine concentrations developed during therapy with a sodium-restricted diet and 4 weeks each of furosemide alone, captopril alone, or furosemide plus captopril. Three of 6 normal dogs on furosemide and a sodium-restricted diet had at least one serum potassium concentration above the reference range during the 4 weeks of observation. One normal dog on captopril, furosemide, and a sodium-restricted diet developed azotemia, and 2 dogs had serum potassium concentrations above the reference range during the 4 weeks of observation. Ten dogs with congestive heart failure were treated with captopril, furosemide, a sodium-restricted diet, and digoxin.
Etiopathogenesis of the heart failure included valvular insufficiency (n = 6), dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 3), and dilated cardiomyopathy and dirofilariasis (n = 1). Serum electrolyte concentrations and renal function were monitored for 5 consecutive weeks in 7 of the 10 dogs and for 17 weeks or longer in 6. Two dogs were euthanized after 4 weeks because of acute decompensation of heart failure, and one dog developed severe azotemia and uremia. Six of 10 dogs with congestive heart failure had at least one serum potassium concentration above the reference range sometime during the 5 weeks of observation, although the changes in the mean serum potassium concentrations were not statistically significant. Four of 10 dogs with congestive heart failure developed azotemia sometime during the 5 weeks of observation.     

饲料中不同钼铜水平对肉牛含铜酶活性影响的研究

铜的缺乏与钼、硫的颉颃作用有关,三者在瘤胃内环境(pH值6.5～7.8)的条件下,三元素会结合成溶解度很小的硫钼酸铜(CuMoS_4),从而降低机体对铜的吸收,导致铜的缺乏。因此,本试验主要研     

枯草芽孢杆菌J530菌株的分离鉴定及其对鸡粪的氨减排作用

筛选出具有产脲酶抑制剂功能的芽孢杆菌菌株并验证其对鸡粪便氨减排的效果。采用以硫酸铵为唯一氮源的培养基,从鸡粪便中富集、分离高效利用氨氮的芽孢杆菌。利用尿素酚红培养基平板与尿素培养基摇瓶培养相结合,筛选不能利用尿素生长的菌株。通过比较各菌株发酵液对大豆脲酶的抑制率,获得对大豆脲酶抑制活性最高的菌株。分析该菌株的16SrRNA基因序列,观察其菌落菌体形态,测定其生理生化特征,以鉴定其种属。将该菌株以1.0×10⁷ CFU/g的接种量接入新鲜鸡粪,30℃静置5 d,评价对鸡粪中芽孢杆菌含量、脲酶活性、氨氮、尿素、尿酸含量、pH、氨气释放量的影响。结果表明,筛选到氨氮利用芽孢杆菌菌株共562个,其中氨氮利用率85%以上的菌株218个;初筛得到不产脲酶菌株23个;复筛得到对大豆脲酶活性抑制较强的菌株(抑制率>50%)6个,其中J530菌株抑制率达99.3%。经鉴定菌株J530为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。该菌株5d内可使鸡粪便中芽孢含量增加50.83倍(P<0.01),使鸡粪中脲酶的活性和氨氮含量分别降低83.86%(P<0.01)和44.41%(P<0.01),尿素含量和尿酸含量分别提高28.80%(P<0.05)和1.51%(P>0.05),pH降低1.15(P<0.05),5 d氨气释放量减少67.88%(P<0.01)。筛选得到了产脲酶抑制剂的枯草芽孢杆菌J530菌株,该菌株可显著降低鸡粪便氨排放。     

Effect of Gestational Age and Fetal Position on the Possibility and Accuracy of Ultrasonographic Fetal Gender Determination in Dairy Cattle

The possibility and accuracy of transrectal ultrasonographic determination of foetal gender were studied by identifying and locating the genital tubercle, scrotum or mammary gland in 15 dairy cows at 49-168 days post-breeding. Ultrasound examinations were performed weekly. Each examination was made without references to the results of the examinations in the previous weeks. At each examination, an attempt was made to view the foetus in frontal, cross-sectional, and sagittal planes. The expected foetal gender was compared with that observed at birth. Gestational age affected significantly the possibility of foetal gender determination. The possibility of foetal gender determination increased from 26.7% at day 49 to 100% at day 56 of gestation. Between days 56 and 98, foetal gender determination was possible in all cases. Thereafter, the ability to determine foetal gender decreased with development of pregnancy and was impossible in all cases by days 161 and 168. The overall accuracy of foetal gender determination was 97.3%. Foetal gender determination between days 49 and 63 depended on the location of the genital tubercle in a frontal view of the foetus. By day 70, all foetal positions could be used for foetal gender determination. However, by progress of gestation, the usefulness of frontal view for sex determination decreased, while that of cross-sectional view increased. Accordingly, the best time for foetal gender determination in dairy cattle is between days 56 and 98 of pregnancy.     

微媒体下大学英语生态化教学失衡与重构研究

微媒体已经成为大学生获得信息的重要来源,并以不可阻挡之势介入到高等学校教育,并严重影响到大学英语教学,使大学英语生态化教学失去了平衡。本论文在微媒体视域下,研究大学英语生态化教学的失衡和重构问题。     

基于高精度位移传感器的条盒拉线检测装置设计与应用

为解决GD包装机在生产过程中容易出现的条盒拉线缺失和拉线偏移的质量问题,本文基于高精度位移传感器,设计了条盒拉线检测装置。该装置主要由位移传感器、放大器、主控制器、报警器等组成,装置具有以下特点:(1)检测正确率高,基于条盒拉线的物理尺寸即厚度进行检测;(2)当出现质量缺陷产品时,报警器报警提醒;(3)使用寿命长,位移传感器的持续检测次数高达2亿次;(4)调试方便,一般只需校正零位即可;(5)相对于成像式检测装置,其成本较低。使用结果表明,该检测装置能准确识别生产过程中出现的条盒拉线缺失和偏移的不合格产品,有效防止不合格产品流入下游生产工序。     

丝绸接枝阳离子后的染色和固色性能变化

为提高丝绸用酸性染料和直接染料染色的上染率与皂洗牢度,对丝绸进行接枝阳离子改性处理。研究改性阳离子丝绸用酸性染料和直接染料染色的染色性能变化,结果表明采用阳离子接枝方法可以在无盐染色条件下大幅度提高丝绸染色的上染率及皂洗牢度,其中:耐晒果绿BLL对改性阳离子丝绸的上染率达到99.59%,直接耐酸大红4BS的上染率达到99.87%,直接草黄R的上染率为99.83%,直接深褐M的上染率为99.88%。各种染料上染改性阳离子丝绸后的皂洗牢度都达到5级,上染速度也非常迅速,为2~8 m in。研究结果证明丝绸接枝阳离子改性是提高丝绸上染率和皂洗牢度的有效方法。     

The Effect of Detomidine and its Antagonism With Tolazoline on Stress-Related Hormones, Metabolites, Physiologic Responses, and Behavior in Awake Ponies

Six ponies were used to investigate the effect of tolazoline antagonism of detomidine on physiological responses, behavior, epinephrine, norepinephrine, Cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids in awake ponies. Each pony had a catheter inserted into a jugular vein 1 hour before beginning the study. Awake ponies were administered detomidine (0.04 mg/kg intravenously [IV]) followed 20 minutes later by either tolazoline (4.0 mg/kg IV) or saline. Blood samples were drawn from the catheter 5 minutes before detomidine administration (baseline), 5 minutes after detomidine administration, 20 minutes after detomidine administration which was immediately before the administration of tolazoline or saline (time [T] = 0), and at 5, 30, and 60 minutes after injections of tolazoline or saline (T = 5, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively). Compared with heart rate at T = 0, tolazoline antagonism increased heart rate 45% at 5 minutes. There was no difference in heart rate between treatments at 30 minutes. Blood pressure remained stable after tolazoline, while it decreased over time after saline. Compared with concentrations at T = 0, tolazoline antagonism of detomidine in awake ponies resulted in a 55% increase in Cortisol at 30 minutes and a 52% increase in glucose at 5 minutes. The change in free fatty acids was different for tolazoline and saline over time. Free fatty acids decreased after detomidine administration. Free fatty acids did not change after saline administration. After tolazoline administration, free fatty acids increased transiently. Tolazoline tended to decrease sedation and analgesia at 15 and 60 minutes postantagonism. Antagonism of detomidine-induced physiological and behavioral effects with tolazoline in awake ponies that were not experiencing pain appears to precipitate a stress response as measured by Cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids. If antagonism of an α-agonist is contemplated, the potential effect on hormones and metabolites should be considered.