WTO对中国茶业发展的影响

茶是我国重要的经济作物和传统的出口创汇产品，茶叶生产是山区和贫困地区农民增收、脱贫致富的重要途径之一。2001年12月11日我国正式成为WTO成员国，加入WTO后对我国茶业发展究竟有何影响，我国茶业如何迎接国际大市场的挑战。文章结合我国茶叶产业现状对加入WTO对我国茶业发展的影响作概要分析。……     

大田县茶叶生产现状与发展对策

茶叶是大田县主要经济作物之一,发展茶叶生产是山区农民致富奔小康的重要途径。根据我县的资源比较优势,在充分发挥各种资源优势的基础上,提出不同时期的茶叶生产发展对策,引导我县的茶叶生产,繁荣农村经济、增加农民收入,促使大田茶业生产持续发展,使茶产业成为我县农业结构战     

周宁县茶叶生产的现状及发展对策

周宁县位于福建省东北山区,东临福安,西接政和,北连寿宁,东南与宁德接壤,西南与屏南隔溪相望,是闽东乃至我省茶叶主产区.茶业已成为发展周宁县农村经济不可替代的支柱产业和农民增收奔小康的主要来源,在周宁县社会发展中有着举足轻重的作用.     

浅谈创立闽东茶叶品牌的几点措施

茶叶是闽东的支柱产业，是农村经济和地方财政的重要来源，在农村经济发展中具有举足轻重的作用。年全市茶园面积达万20014.66hm2，茶叶产量万，茶叶产值达亿元，茶叶生产已4.30t6.02成为山区农民脱贫致富奔小康的重要途径。但在市场经济条件下闽东茶叶大部分只能做为原料销售，甚至打着别人的牌子，经济效益不高，这已成为制约闽东茶业持续发展的瓶颈。如何改变这种状况，促进闽东茶业持续健康发展。本文拟从创立茶叶品牌的角度，谈一些粗浅的看法供大家参考。．名优茶产销现状及存在问题1闽东茶叶在历史上曾有过辉煌的一页，传统名茶三大…     

做大做强宜兴茶产业

宜兴素有“茶的绿洲”之美称,茶叶资源丰富,生产历史悠久,是江苏省最大的产茶县,也是全国首批20个无公害茶叶生产基地示范县之一,全市现有茶园面积7.5万亩,年产茶6300吨,年产值近2.5亿元,使茶农人均收入有了一定的提高。茶产业是宜兴市山区的主要经济支柱,也是山区农民致富的基础产业,在农民增收、出口创汇、促进地方经济发展方面有举足轻重的作用。今年是“十一五”规划的开局之年,也是全国建设社会主义新农村的起步之年。为此,宜兴市紧紧围绕“茶业增效、茶农增收”为核心,进一步做好茶树良种推广、茶品牌推介、茶叶清洁化生产及茶叶质量…     

浅谈新世纪浙江茶业之发展

浙江是产茶大省，产茶历史悠久，茶叶在浙江农业经济中占有重要的地位，是山区农民重要的经济来源。改革开放20多年来，浙江茶业围绕茶类结构市场化、茶树品种良……     

祝贺辞

让我首先代表省人大常委会,代表我个人向茶学系建系50周年表示热烈的祝贺! 我觉得很亲切,因为尽管我离开学校12年(孔祥有同志曾任浙江农业大学党委书记——编者注),在农大办公的时候,茶学系就在我楼上,我到茶学系的次数还比较多的,应该说对茶学系的发展比较了解。 我觉得茶学系50年来对我国茶叶事业的发展,为茶业人才的培养,为浙江省的经济发展特别是浙江农村经济的发展,为农民致富,为农村脱贫做了非常大的贡献。浙江茶叶是农民增收很重要的渠道,特别是山区,现在山区农民还比较贫困。我们浙江的茶业发展比较快,这跟茶学系的贡献是分不开的,因为茶学系确实培养了很多很多人才。茶学系在茶文化、在与国际交流等方面也做出了很大的贡献。浙江的茶叶与丝绸是     

广东现代茶业建设现状与发展对策

经过20多年的改革与发展,茶叶已成为广东省的一大优势农产品之一。茶产业在增加山区农民收入、扩大就业和稳定农村社会中发挥着重要的作用。全面分析茶产业的现状与优势,采取正确的发展思路与措施,推进广东现代茶业的建设与可持续发展,对提高广东茶叶国际竞争力、促进茶农收入持续有效增长都具有重要意义。本文从现代茶业的特征要求和广东现代茶业建设的现状着手,     

生态观光茶园在福建的发展前景

一、发展生态观光茶园的意义 1．发展生态茶园是实现茶业可持续发展的需要 茶叶是福建省的主要经济作物之一。2003年全省茶园面积已达205万亩，茶叶产量达14．92万t，是福建省传统大宗出口产品，也是山区农民脱贫致富奔小康的支柱产业。然而，当前的茶叶生产方式已造成了一些负面影响，如茶园生态环境恶化、地力退化、产出降低及茶叶农残和重金属含量超标等。     

关注茶农风险促进茶业和谐发展

浙江省是产茶大省,茶农达110万户,茶叶是浙江广大山区农民赖以生存的重要经济作物,茶业的和谐发展是浙江农村经济发展,解决三农问题的重要保障.但是近几年来,浙江省茶叶出口接连受到"绿色壁垒"的冲击,特别是欧盟、美国和日本等国家和地区不断制定的更严格和更广泛的准入标准,导致浙江茶叶对这些国家和地区的出口严重受阻.     

茶树新梢生育的内源激素水平及其调控机理*(第四报)外源激素对茶树内源激素的影响及其与新梢生长的关系

以外源NAA、GA3和催发素溶液喷布茶树，研究其对新梢内源激素含量水平的影响及其与新梢生长的关系。结果表明：NAA处理显著提高新梢生育初期内源ABA和IAA的含量，新梢生长一度受抑，但随后zeatin含量上升，生长加速；GA3处理后新梢内源ABA含量下降，IAA含量减少，GA3和zeatin含量提高，新梢生长量加大，生长速率加快；催发素处理后新梢内源IAA含量下降，促进新梢萌发与生长，提高鲜叶产量。     

2021年我国水稻产业形势分析及2022年展望

2021年我国水稻面积略有减少,单产再创历史新高,总产连续11年稳定在2亿t以上;国内稻米市场走势偏弱,优质优价更加明显;大米进口量再创新高,出口量略有增长;品种审定数量继续大幅增加,市场结构持续优化;经营规模稳步扩大,绿色技术和智能技术加速推广。预计2022年水稻面积小幅增加,单产保持稳定,大米市场平稳运行,优质稻和特色稻保持较快发展,绿色低碳和智能技术加快推广。     

晚粳稻籽粒中砷、镉、铬、镍、铅等重金属含量的品种和粒位效应

 选用籽粒着粒密度差异较大的密穗型品种秀水63和散穗型品种秀水11，种植于受重金属轻度污染的土壤，研究了晚粳稻籽粒中有毒重金属As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb含量的品种与粒位效应。结果表明，重金属含量的粒位间差异秀水63明显大于秀水11，As、Cd、Cr、Pb含量粒位间差异显著， Ni含量差异较小。穗上部籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量高于中部籽粒，穗下部籽粒最低，而Cr、Pb则正好相反。稻米中几种重金属含量与粒重的关系因重金属种类不同存在着差异，籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量与粒重呈正相关，而Cr和Pb含量与粒重呈负相关。秀水63和秀水11不同粒位的籽粒灌浆模式存在差异，下位粒灌浆速率较低，使粒重较上、中位粒低，导致粒重有较大的粒位差异，而这种差异也与穗部着粒密度有关，秀水63明显大于秀水11。籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量与最大灌浆速率（GRm）呈正相关，与到达最大灌浆速率时间（Tpoi）呈负相关，而Cr和Pb含量与以上两个籽粒灌浆特性参数分别呈负相关和正相关，说明籽粒As、Cd、Ni的积累与碳水化合物的积累具有相同或相近的模式，而Cr和Pb表现为不同的积累模式。     

水合氧化铁提前施用对持续淹水条件下水稻甲烷的减排效应

水合氧化铁是一种弱晶质三价铁氧化物,可用来减少稻田甲烷（CH4）的排放。采用水稻盆栽试验,研究水合氧化铁的提前施用对持续淹水条件下水稻CH4排放的影响。结果表明:水合氧化铁在水稻移栽前47 d施用,加Fe处理的全生育期CH4总排放通量比对照减少17.52%,其CH4减排效应仅出现于水稻生长后期。在移栽后第70天,加Fe处理的根孔隙度、根表铁膜含量和单株根表铁膜数量均显著高于对照,而稻根产CH4速率则显著低于对照。因此,提前施用水合氧化铁能够通过促进植株介导的根表铁膜的形成抑制稻根的产CH4潜力,进而实现持续淹水条件下水稻CH4的减排。     

Migration of gluten under shear flow as a novel mechanism for separating wheat flour into gluten and starch

This paper describes a novel principle for the separation of wheat flour into starch and gluten in a concentrated medium. The process is based on the use of simple shear flow in a cone-and-cone device. The separation takes place in two steps. Initially, local segregation of gluten and starch phases occurs, leading to formation of macroscopically visible gluten patches distributed throughout the dough. This local segregation can be understood by considering the dough as a visco-elastic matrix containing an inert filler (starch). Further shearing leads to aggregation of those patches and migration (large-scale separation) towards the apex of the cone. As a result, the wheat dough is separated into a protein-poor fraction, containing less than 4% protein, and a protein-rich fraction containing almost 50% protein on a dry weight basis. However, under the process conditions used, upon a very long shearing, a redistribution of the aggregated gluten structures in the starch phase was observed, demonstrating a processing limit for the separation performance. Compared to traditional processing, the separation process presented shows opportunities for producing high quality gluten accompanied with significant water savings. Considering the fact that simple shear flow in steady rate is less harmful to gluten quality, such a separation process could benefit gluten quality.     

Cultural control measures to diminish sorghum yield loss and parasite success under Striga hermonthica infestation

Prospects of reducing Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. parasitism by means of cultural control measures were assessed. In a pot experiment, deep planting, the use of transplants and shallow soil-tillage, strongly delayed and reduced Striga infection of a sensitive and a tolerant sorghum cultivar. Application of all three measures combined resulted in a four-week delay in first emergence of the parasite, a reduced number of emerged Striga plants and a decimation of Striga dry weight. With the sensitive cultivar CK-60B a yield loss of 92% was reduced to 26%, whereas with the tolerant cultivar Tiemarifing application of the cultural control measures completely cancelled out a yield loss of 28%. Evaluation of these cultural measures under field conditions in Mali resulted in a strong reduction in Striga-infection level (85%). At the same time, the measures did not result in delayed first emergence of the parasite and had no beneficial effect on crop yield. It was argued that the presence of a natural Striga soil seed bank, with seeds throughout the tilth, might be an important reason for the reduced effectiveness of the proposed cultural control measures under field conditions.     

Chemical composition, digestibility and antinutritional factors content of two wild legumes: Styphonolobium burseroides and Acacia bilimekii

The chemical composition, digestibility and toxin contents of two wild legumes: Styphnolobium burseroides and Acacia bilimekii, collected in a semi-arid zone of Mexico, were determined. Both legumes had a high fiber content. The seeds of Styphnolobium burseroides had a low protein content (14%), and the pod a high content of reducing sugars. However the seeds of Acacia bilimekii had a high protein concentration (35%). The seed proteins were low in sulphur amino acids and tryptophan in both legumes but were rich in lysine. Trypsin inhibitors and lectins were present in low concentrations; alkaloids and cyanogenic glucosides were not detected. The in vitro digestibility for monogastric animals was low but the same test with ruminal juice showed a high digestibility for both legumes. Based on their chemical composition and digestibility, these legumes could be a good alternative source in the feeding of ruminants.     

2019年我国水稻产业形势分析及2020年展望

2019年我国水稻面积继续调减,单产再创历史新高,总产连续九年稳定在2亿t以上;国内稻米市场继续偏弱运行,优质稻和普通稻价格分化;大米进口量减少,出口量继续增加;种业稳步发展,市场结构优化;绿色发展稳步推进,绿色生产技术呈现较快发展势头。预计2020年水稻面积稳中略减,单产保持稳定,品种结构继续优化,大米市场有望走出低谷,绿色技术加快推广。     

Isolation of amaranth flour proteins by fractionation procedures and sonication

The use of whole and defatted amaranth flour for protein isolation of Osborne fractions is described. Extractability of prolamins, the minor fraction, increased from 2.8 to 5% by adding a reducing agent. Glutelins proved to be poorly solubilized (3.3%) in dilute acetic acid, but they reached a high solubility value (40.8%) using a borate buffer in the presence of a reducing agent and a detergent; solubility remarkably declined without the latter two chemicals. Sonication (a fast and simple technique) in the presence of a detergent proved to be more efficient, compared with stirring, for extractability of total unreduced proteins.