基于修剪机械设计的龙眼树枝力学特性试验

为获得龙眼树枝力学特性基础参数,在精密型万能试验机上对修剪期龙眼树枝进行了压缩、拉伸和剪切试验。结果表明:龙眼树枝顺纹抗压强度为18.33~27.77 MPa,平均值为23.68 MPa;抗压弹性模量为351.51~835.85 MPa,平均值为547.2 MPa;抗压强度与压缩能之间呈显著指数函数正相关;龙眼树枝顺纹抗拉强度为40.26~70.28 MPa,平均值为52.12 MPa;剪切强度为9.05~13.42 MPa,平均值为11.44 MPa,峰值剪切力与树枝横截面面积呈极显著线性函数正相关,剪切功与树枝横截面面积呈极显著幂函数正相关。     

四季蜜龙眼果实生长发育动态及其数学模型研究

【目的】研究反季节四季蜜龙眼果实生长发育动态,为制定高产、优质四季蜜龙眼栽培管理措施提供参考依据。【方法】跟踪测定反季节四季蜜龙眼发育期果实的纵径、大横径、小横径、单果重、果皮重、果肉重、种子重及可溶性固形物含量等指标,分别采用多项回归和求导方法建立四季蜜龙眼果实的生长发育数学模型和物质累积速度模型。【结果】反季节四季蜜龙眼果实生长发育需108 d,成熟阶段历时21 d。果径生长曲线前期上升较慢,中期上升较快;果肉重、果皮重、种子重和单果重在花后52 d开始快速增加;可溶性固形物含量在花后66~94 d快速增长,最高峰达25.1%。根据果实各指标数据建立的四季蜜龙眼果实生长发育数学模型,拟合出多项回归方程式,其中纵径、大横径、小横径、单果重及果肉重的拟合方程为二次方程,果皮重、种子重及可溶性固形物含量的拟合方程为三次方程,动态模型回归方程经F检验均达显著差异水平(P<0.05),决定系数R2均大于0.9800,达极显著差异水平(P<0.01);物质累积速度模型显示,果实纵径、大横径和小横径及单果重和果肉重5个指标的累积速度模型为一次直线方程,果皮重、种子重和可溶性固形物含量的累积速度模型为二次方程。【结论】四季蜜龙眼的生长发育动态及其数学模型可作为制定四季蜜龙眼高产、优质栽培管理措施的参考依据。     

单一平面电容传感器数学模型的数值解法

单一平面电容传感器是用来测量木材含水率的高精度仪器,属于具有任意结构形状的电容传 感器的特例。为研究单一平面传感器数学模型的数值解法,以一种设定了具体尺寸的单一平面电容传感器为例,利用数值分析的一个数值方法——差分离散格式,对笔者前期建立 的任意结构形状的电容传感器的偏微分方程数学模型构造了便于计算和研究的离散近似模型。利用该近似模型对单一平面电容传感器的工作状况进行分析,得到了木材介电常数与传感器电容值的关系。      

任意结构形状的电容传感器原理和数学模型

在木材工业中,木材含水率检测应用的单一平面电容传感器都是采用大量实验或近似数学模型实现检测的,难以控制和分析误差。鉴于此,并根据木材的介电常数与其含水率存在着一一对应的关系,该文研究了用于测量介电常数、具有任意几何结构形状的电容传感器。利用静电场及静电场中的导体和电介质的性质等相关理论,在电极和被测物处于任意几何结构形状和任意空间相对位置的状态下,建立了测量介电常数的电容传感器的精确数学模型。以经典物理学中已知结果的球形电容传感器为算例,得到了与传统电磁场理论中完全一样的结果,验证了所建立数学模型的正确性。      

Development and testing of a weather-based model to determine potential yield losses caused by potato late blight and optimize fungicide application

Late blight is one of the most important potato diseases. To minimize yield losses, various protective measures are used including fungicide application. Active use of fungicides results in a contamination of the environment. Therefore, crop protection strategies optimizing the number of treatments are of great interest. Using information about late blight development in an experimental potato field recorded over 30 seasons, a simulator to forecast yield losses caused by the disease was developed based on the number of 5-d periods favorable for reinfection of plants during a vegetation season. The simulator was successfully verified using independent data on the disease development from nine unprotected potato fields in the Netherlands and Germany. The average difference between the calculated and real yield losses did not exceed 5%. Using the simulator and weather data for a period of 2007–2017, yield losses were calculated for several areas of the Bryansk, Tambov, and Orenburg Regions of Russia. The results revealed differences in disease development between these regions and may be used to develop recommendations for a frequency of fungicide applications according to the regional risk of epidemics, leading to a significant reduction in fungicide use.