红松针锈病人工接种试验

<正> 松属(Pinus)的针叶锈病系由无柄锈科鞘锈属的真菌(Coleosporium sp.)所引起。在我国,已经鉴定下来的鞘锈属的种有5个:一枝黄花鞘锈菌[Coleosporium solidaginies(Schw.)Thum.],侵染云南松(P.yunnanensis)和马尾松(P.massoniana);紫菀鞘锈菌[Col.asterum(Diet.)Syd.],侵染台湾松(P.taiwanensis)等;千里光鞘锈菌[Col.senecionis(Pers.) Fr.],侵染云南松;白头翁鞘锈菌[Col.     

黄山风景区亮壮异蝽病原真菌及高毒菌株筛选

该文对黄山风景区亮壮异蝽UrocheladistinctaDistant的病原真菌进行了详细的调查 ,共鉴定出 5种病原真菌 :球孢白僵菌Beauveriabassiana (Bals.)Vuill.、粉拟青霉Paecilomycesfari nosus (Holm .exGray .)Brown&Smith、蜡蚧轮枝孢Verticillumlecanii(Zimmermann)Viegas、芽枝状枝孢霉Cladosporiumcladosporioides(Fres .)deVries和一种顶孢霉Acremoniumsp .,其中球孢白僵菌为绝对优势种群 ,占 92 %。选用 10株不同来源的球孢白僵菌菌株对亮壮异蝽成虫进行了毒力测定 ,结果表明Bb35 7菌株毒力最强 ,是可用于林间防治的生产菌株     

桉树上一种重要病害--桉树锈病

桉树锈病是发生在澳大利亚本土桉树 (Eucalyptusspp .)和南非、巴西桉树人工林上最为严重的病害之一。桉树锈病的病原菌为番石榴柄锈菌 (PucciniapsidiiG .Winter) ,早在 1 94 4年巴西就有该病危害桉树的报道。番石榴柄锈菌寄主范围广 ,已知能够侵染桃金娘科 (Myrtaceae) 8个属和 2 5个种的植物。其中包括蒲桃 (SyzygiumjambosL .)和红千层 (CallistemonspeciosusDC .)等。国外报道南非种源的巨桉 (EucalyptusgrandisW .HilletMaiden)对番石榴柄锈菌表现高度感病。已知对番石榴柄锈菌感病的桉树种还有 :蓝桉 (E .globulusLabill.)、…     

油桐根腐病致病菌——腐皮镰孢新专化型研究

(冫田)桐根腐病是油桐林的一种毁灭性病害.根据形态学、培养性状和专化性寄主植物接种测定研究,致病菌为腐皮镰孢一新的专化型,命名为油桐腐皮镰孢(Fu—sarium solani(Nart.)Sacc.f.sp.aleuritidis Chem et Xiao f.sp.nov.)     

意大利关于松疱绣病抗性的研究

1 引言二针松疱锈病是由松芍柱锈菌(Cronartium flaccidum)引起的。在栽植欧洲赤松(Pinus Sylvestris L.)、海岸松(P.pinaster Ait.)、奥地利松、欧洲黑松(P.nigra Arnold)、意大利五针松(P.pinea L.)、欧洲山松(P.mugo Turra)、阿勒颇松(P.halpensisMill.)、地中海松(P.brutia Tenn.)的一些欧洲国家蔓延。在意大利中部和南部,20年来,该病在人工林和二针松苗圃中大肆流行,严重危害。本文主要介绍松芍柱锈菌的生物学研究概     

一种杨树锈病天敌昆虫形态学及生物学特性研究

为了明晰新近发现的一种瘿蚊对杨树锈病的控制作用及其机制,本研究通过野外调查、室内繁育和形态学研究,记述了该瘿蚊不同虫态的形态学特征,确定其为双翅目瘿蚊科的锈菌瘿蚊Mycodiplosis sp.,并明晰了其生物学特性、林间发生规律及其对杨树锈菌的生物控制作用。结果表明,该锈菌瘿蚊的幼虫发生期和松杨栅锈菌夏孢子的发生期密切相关,并对杨树锈病的发生、流行具有重要的生物控制作用。     

井冈山毛竹菱斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定

采用致病性测定、形态学观察和ITS-rDNA序列分析方法对井冈山毛竹菱斑病病原菌进行了研究.从108块毛竹病斑组织中分离获得30株真菌,选择分离频率高的菌株为研究对象,结合ITS-rDNA序列分析将其鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、链格孢菌(Alternaria alternate)、节菱孢属菌(Arthrinium sp.)、赤霉菌属(Gibberella zeae)和炭角菌属(Xylaria sp.)5个属.经过室内和田间有伤接种致病性测试证实,尖孢镰刀菌、链格孢菌、节菱孢属菌、赤霉病菌和炭角菌属皆具有致病性,其中尖孢镰刀菌的致病性最强,分离相对频率最高,初步推断其为井冈山毛竹主要致病菌类群.     

东北红豆杉内生真菌的鉴定-中国新记录属种及其代谢产物

从长白山自然保护区原始森林200多年生东北红豆杉(TasxuscuspidataSiebetZucc.)树皮中分离94株内生真菌,鉴定出19种。其中,除2个新种、1个新变种和6个国内已知种(已详细描述并发表在《林业研究》2003,14(4):290-294),本文还对包括9个新记录属种的形态特征进行了详细描述:坚孢葡萄单孢(StaphylotrichumcoccosporumMeyeretNicot)、砖红葡萄痕孢(BotryodemalateritiumPapendoorf&Upadhyay)、球头孢[Oedocephalumglomerulosum(RulliardSacc.)、球头三型孢(TrichosporonoidesoedocephalisHaskins&Spencer)、扁圆球孢[Beniowskiasphaeroidea(KalChbrenneretCaeke)Mason]、疣顶孢(ThermomycesverrucosusPugh,Blakeman&Morgan-jones)、腐殖厚壁孔孢(GilmaniellahumicolaBrron)、球乳突孢[Papulariasphaerosperma(Pers.:Fr.)vonHohnel]、褐钝孢[Ambrosiellabrunnea(Verrall)Batra]和1个新记录种:假线壳囊孢(CytosporinanothaDied.)。对中国新记录属种内生真菌,提供了形态学特征描述与图解及其生境、寄主的记载。用薄层层析技术,测定了各菌种发酵代谢产物可与紫杉烷类物质显色剂棗香草试液和稀碘化铋钾试液不发生明显的颜色反应。图10参23。     

角倍中一种炭疽菌病害初报

报道了从角倍中分离得到一种病原菌,描述了危害状况,并对该病原菌进行了形态学和分子生物学鉴定,确认该菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletorichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc),分类上隶属于半知菌门(Deuteromycotina)、腔孢纲(Coelomycetes)、黑盘孢目(Melanconiales)、炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)。     

青杨天牛的致病真菌

1983年春,我们先后从青杨天牛(Sap-erda populnea L.)的越冬幼虫虫尸上分离出顶孢霉(Cephalosporium acremoniumCorda.)、球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiaha(Balsamo)Vuill.)、金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhi-zium anisopliae(Mefsch.)SoroKin)、串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum Sch-elcht.)等5种致病真菌。有关这方面的研究,尚未见专门报道。本文仅将对5种致病真菌的形态、培养特性、生物学特性及致病力的研究结果报道如下。     

Comparative study of the stoichiometric characteristics of karst and non-karst forests in Guizhou,China

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) levels and their stoichiometry in plant components (leaves, branch trunks, roots) of trees in a karst forest and non-karst forest are compared. The results show that the C contents, C:N and C:P ratios of dominant species in the karst forest were lower than those in the non-karst forest, but the N and P and the N:P ratio were higher;C:N:P ratios in plant organs of trees in the karst forest were in the order of trunks>roots>branches>leaves. However, C:N:P ratio in the non-karst forest trees were trunks>branches>roots>leaves. Moreover, ratio of C:N:P in trunks was highest and lowest in leaves in both forests. In non-karst forest trees, N:P was in the order of leaves> roots>branches>trunks. There were no significant differences in the ratio of N:P in different plant components of trees in the karst forest. However, in karst and non-karst forest trees, the ratio of N:P in leaves was highest;positive correlations between N and P contents, and N and N:P ratios were observed in both karst and non-karst forests (p<0.001). Negative correlations between P and N:P ratios (p<0.05) were observed in karst forest trees, while positive correlations were observed in non-karst forest trees.     

Variation Analysis of Seed and Seedling Traits of Cross Combination Progenies in Populus

Twenty-five species and hybrids in Populus were used as parents, and 26 cross combinations, including more than 5 000 seedlings, were obtained by artificial cross breeding. The length of infructescence, number of seeds per infructescence, thou-sand-seed weight, germination rate of seeds among these cross combinations were tested. The results indicated that the cross combi-national effects were significant for these traits, and demonstrated that the length of infructescence, thousand-seed weight were posi-tively affected by female parent. In addition, seedling height, diameter above ground, diameter at breast height (DBH) of 17 cross combination progenies were investigated. The analysis of mean and standard deviation of these three traits showed that seedling height, diameter above ground, DBH had extensive variation among combinations and individuals within combination. Variance analysis and estimate of heritability indicated that the three traits had wide variation and were controlled by heredity. It was feasible to select superior cross combinations and seedlings. Further more, the result of multiple comparison showed that P. deltoides ‘Lux’ × P. deltoides ‘D324’, P ussuriensis cl. ‘U4’ × P. deltoides ‘T66’, P. ussuriensis cl. ‘U4’ × P deltoides ‘T26’, P. deltoides ‘Lux’ × P.. . ussuriensis cl. ‘U3’, (P. m tos × P. bolleana) × (P alba × P. glandulosa), (P. alba × P. tomentosa) × (P. al × P. glandulosa ), and to en a . ba (P. alba × P. glandulosa ‘No. 2’) × P. tomentosa ‘Lumao 50’ were superior cross combinations with higher growth rate. Finally, 123 elite seedlings were selected for further test.     

利用微卫星标记(SSR)鉴定松属近缘种

The 276 pair-primers （nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite） developed from seven species of Pinaceae were selected and identified for cross-species transferability to ten Pinus species （P massoniana, P kesiya, P tabulaeformis P densiflora, P thunbergii, P caribaea, P taeda, P yunnanensis, P densata, P sylvestris）belonging to Sect. Pinus by BSA （bulked segregate analysis） method. The results showed that 23 of 276 （8.0%） markers were successful to have amplification product in ten species, and 5 of 23 （21.7%） were polymorphic cross species and lack of polymorphic within species. Eight of 10 Pinus species were identified by using single primer, two and more combination of primers, but there were still no effective SSR primers for identifying other 2 species （P. kesiya and P. densata）.     

基于松属不同树种EST序列的马尾松SSR引物开发

利用松属5个树种的EST序列,分别树种查找SSR位点,采用Primer3．0软件进行引物设计。设计的5个树种的EST-SSR引物中：所占比例最高的均为三核苷酸重复,其次是六核苷酸重复,两者之和都达到了64％以上;四核苷酸重复所占比例均为最低。从设计的引物中分别不同树种各选取20对进行引物合成和通用性检测以及马尾松群体检测,结果表明：松属5个树种的EST序列开发的马尾松SSR引物,其在马尾松中的扩增成功率为60％-80％;最高的是辐射松,最低的是海岸松,平均为72％。通用性最好的为辐射松,属内的通用性为94％;属间和科间通用性也分别达到75％和44％。不同树种序列来源的EST-SSR引物,其扩增成功率在10％-30％;最高的是北美短叶松,其次是辐射松,最低的是扭叶松和火炬松;平均为17％。     

浙江省松材线虫病的发生与防治

通过人工接种松材线虫试验测定“北带”和“南带”２个种源的马尾松和湿地松、火炬松、晓松、刚松４种国外松的结果表明，不同苗龄期的５种松苗均能感染松材线虫，其中马尾松、湿地松具有较强的感病性，在舟山病区林间对自感病寄主的监测调查结果表明，除公认的日本黑松高度发病外，马尾松、湿地松也有一定面积数量株发病，其感病性与苗期人工接种试验结果相似，同时还发现北美二针松和长叶松２种国外松自然发病。由此分析了浙江省松村线虫病发生流行趋势和应采取的防治对策．     

杨树新品系美黑3号与黑小2号早期评比试验研究

通过对杨树新品系美黑3号与黑小2号在黑龙江省林区小气候平原区、三江平原、松嫩平原3～4a的区试评比,研究分析表明：美黑3号与黑小2号在抗性与速生性上均优于当地对照品种小黑杨。因此,美黑3号与黑小2号在以上3地区均适宜早期栽培。     

长鞭红景天种群空间分布格局

长鞭红景天是国家第二批确定的二级保护植物,处于近危状态。该文采用相邻格子样方法取样,应用方差／均值比的t检验、丛生指标Ⅰ、扩散型指数16及其检验、Cassie指标、平均拥挤度与聚块性指标、负二项参数K、Iwao M^＊对的回归分析、Taylor幂法则模型等方法,研究了长鞭红景天种群的空间分布格局。结果表明：在P1、P3和P5群落中长鞭红景天种群均表现为聚集分布,在P2、P4和P6群落中长鞭红景天种群总体上呈聚集分布与随机分布的临界状态;但各群落中聚集强度差异明显,其顺序为：P5〉P3〉P1〉P6〉P2〉P4;通过Iwao M^＊对的回归模型分析和Taylor幂指数法检验也得出相似结果,即长鞭红景天种群的空间分布格局总体上呈现为聚集分布与随机分布的临界状态但偏向于聚集分布。     

12个桃品种的花芽休眠需冷量和开花需热量

在浙西南地区研究12个桃品种花芽休眠需冷量和开花需热量生态指标.犹他模型测定结果显示:12个桃品种中,花芽休眠需冷量低的品种为春蜜、超红、中油11号、中油7号、中油4号,约为550～650 cu;其次是丽油5号、仓方早生、燕红、丽油3号、早凤凰,约为650～ 800 cu;需冷量高的品种为新川中岛和赤月,约为900～ 950cu.同一地区不同品种需热量差异较大,同一品种年际间差异相对较小.以生长度天模型试验结果表明:开花需热量低的品种为赤月和丽油3号,大约400 ～ 500 d·℃;其次是新川中岛,大约500～600 d·℃;春蜜、丽油5号、早凤凰、中油4号、中油7号、仓方早生和燕红大约600 ～ 700 d·℃;需热量较高的是中油11号和超红,约为700～800 d·℃.12个桃品种花芽休眠需冷量与开花需热量之间呈乘幂函数曲线显著负相关.     

苦竹属竹叶多糖、蛋白质及叶绿素比较研究

对苦竹属苦竹、宜兴苦竹、川竹、斑苦竹、杭州苦竹、高舌苦竹、垂枝苦竹、衢县苦竹、丽水苦竹及实心苦竹等10种竹种竹叶多糖、蛋白质及叶绿素等化学成分进行了分析比较。结果表明,10种竹叶中多糖、蛋白质及叶绿素含量丰富,竹叶多糖含量均在600 mg/kg以上,竹叶蛋白质含量在127.55~182.24 g/kg之间,竹叶叶绿素总含量均在1 600 mg/kg以上,叶绿素a的含量大于叶绿素b的含量。苦竹竹叶多糖及蛋白质含量最高,分别为843.29 mg/kg及182.24 g/kg;川竹竹叶叶绿素总含量和叶绿素a含量最高,分别为3 339.24 mg/kg和2 390.97 mg/kg,实心苦竹竹叶叶绿素b含量最高,为949.54 mg/kg。研究结果为苦竹属竹叶化学成分基础研究和苦竹属竹叶资源的综合利用提供了理论基础。     

安徽产委陵菜属四种可食用野菜的成分分析

安徽产委陵菜属（Potentilla L.）4种可食用野菜植物：委陵菜（Potentilla chinenisis L.）、翻白草（Potentilla discolor L.）、朝天委陵菜（Potentilla supina L.）和三叶朝天委陵菜（Potentilla supinavar.ternata L.）,对它们进行了粗蛋白、维生素C、水分、灰分及部分矿质元素（Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Pb）的测定。结果表明,安徽委陵菜属4种野菜的营养成分较丰富,尤其是Vc含量均较高,每100g鲜样含Vc量在45.99～92.16mg之间,其中,朝天委陵菜中维生素C的含量最高;但四种野菜Pb含量均超标,三叶朝天委陵菜和委陵菜Cu含量超标。