条纹锯鮨肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价

对条纹锯鮨（Centropristis striata）肌肉营养成分进行测定分析,并初步评价其营养价值。结果表明：条纹锯鮨肌肉中（鲜样）粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分、灰分、无氮浸出物含量分别为17．30％、4．52％、67．90％、5．60％、4．68％;该鱼肌肉中共检出17种氨基酸,总量为54．57％（干样）,其中必需氨基酸总量为22．59％,占氨基酸总量的41．38％,与非必需氨基酸的比值为70．59％,必需氨基酸构成比例符合FAO／WHO标准;根据AAS,条纹锯鮨的第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸;而根据CS,其第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸＋胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸;必需氨基酸指数为50．44;氨基酸的支芳值为2．2;4种鲜味氨基酸总量为20．68％,占氨基酸总量的37．90％;不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的48．82％,其中EPA与DHA含量分别为2．93％和5．46％;矿物质含量丰富,含有较高的钾、钙、磷,铜铁锌的比值较为合理。综合分析认为,条纹鮨始是一种营养价值和经济价值都较高的鱼类。     

福建白兔肌肉营养成分分析与评价

为了探讨福建地方家兔肌肉品质特性,对福建白兔的肌肉常规营养成分和氨基酸进行测定,并对其蛋白质营养价值作出评价。结果显示:福建白兔肌肉水分含量为75.84%,粗蛋白质20.50%,粗脂肪2.20%,粗灰粉1.03%,肌肉氨基酸总量为17.62%,必需氨基酸为7.05%,鲜味氨基酸为7.61%。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)均表明:第一限制性氨基酸是蛋+胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸是缬氨酸。研究表明,福建白兔公兔与母兔常规营养成分和氨基酸的含量与组成均无显著性差异,肌肉中粗蛋白含量高,鲜味氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量丰富,营养价值较高,具有较好的食用价值。     

野生阿拉善马鹿肌肉营养成分分析

分析测定阿拉善马鹿混合肌肉样本营养成分、矿物质含量以及各种脂肪酸组成。结果表明:阿拉善马鹿肌肉内含水分74.1%、粗蛋白24.2%、粗脂肪0.67%;必需氨基酸含量为苏氨酸1.23%、缬氨酸1.18%、蛋氨酸0.75%、异亮氨酸1.2%、亮氨酸2.37%、苯丙氨酸1.09%、赖氨酸2.45%;矿物质含量为钙18.24 mg/100g、磷286.02 mg/100g、铁3.2 mg/10%、锰0.092 mg/100g、锌6.08 mg/100g、硒6.2μg/100g、铜0.142μg/100g。通过FAO/WHO氨基酸评分(AAS)和氨基酸指数(EAAI)分析阿拉善马鹿肌肉营养成分,表明阿拉善马鹿肌肉具有低脂肪高蛋白的特点,富含矿物质及其微量元素,氨基酸含量较为全面。     

溆浦鹅肉营养成分与品质分析

参照国家食品相关标准分析的测定方法对溆浦鹅胸肌和腿肌肉营养成分和肉品质进行了比较分析和营养品质评价。结果表明:溆浦鹅屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率分别为90.11%、80.45%、68.62%,脂肪率为4.93%,肝重100.75 g;屠宰24 h后pH在5.71~5.94之间,胸肌肌肉失水率27.54%,腿肌失水率20.58%,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分分别为22.64%、2.72%、2.30%、70.17%;肉中铁、铜、锌、镁、钙、硒平均含量分别为6.97 mg/100g、0.41 mg/100g、2.57 mg/100g、39.94 mg/100g、13.84 mg/100g、18.71μg/100g;肌纤维直径39.52μm,肌纤维密度630.1根/mm2;17种氨基酸总量(干样)为568.53 mg/g,必需氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸平均比例分别为46.74%、26.12%、34.22%,根据氨基酸评分,溆浦鹅的第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸;肌苷酸1.435 mg/g;饱和脂肪酸32.45%,单不饱和脂肪酸46.6%,多不饱和脂肪酸21.24%,胆固醇55.94 mg/100g。与常规禽肉对比,溆浦鹅肉蛋白高、脂肪低、产肉性能好,含较丰富的硒、钙、镁、铁等矿物元素,且胆固醇含量低、肌苷酸含量高,有较好的食用价值与保健作用。     

白缘(鱼央)肌肉营养成分分析与评价

本研究采用生化分析方法测定了50尾白缘(鱼央)新鲜肌肉一般营养成分中的氨基酸组成、脂肪酸和矿物元素组成,并对其营养价值做了综合评价分析。结果显示,白缘(鱼央)新鲜肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和水分含量平均含量分别为17.15%、3.05%0.99%和79.92%;白缘(鱼央)肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,占总比重的14.61%,其中7种必需氨基酸含量为5.48%。必需氨基酸/总氨基酸（EAA/TAA）和必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸（EAA/NEAA）分别为0.38和0.62;白缘(鱼央)新鲜肌肉含21种脂肪酸,其中单不饱和脂肪酸7种,多不饱和脂肪酸9种。综合分析表明,白缘(鱼央)新鲜肌肉的营养价值高于多种常见鱼类,氨基酸组成和含量符合FAO/WHO的理想氨基酸模式。其较高含量的不饱和脂肪酸,也对人体十分有利。因此,白缘(鱼央)是一种营养丰富,味道鲜美有益健康的优质食用鱼,具有很好的养殖利用前景。     

虫纹鳕鲈肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价

用常规方法测定、分析了虫纹鳕鲈肌肉中营养成分组成与含量。结果显示,虫纹鳕鲈肌肉中水分含量为80.75%,蛋白质为15.96%,粗脂肪为1.68%,灰分含量为0.94%。肌肉中测出氨基酸17种(未测色氨酸),其中包括人体必需氨基酸7种(占氨基酸总量的39.93%),必需氨基酸组成基本符合FAO/WHO标准。虫纹鳕鲈的主要限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸、胱氨酸和缬氨酸,其必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为95.43,鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的45.59%。脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸含量为43.44%,其中EPA与DHA的总含量为14.68%。试验结果表明,虫纹鳕鲈具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。     

福建黄兔肌肉营养成分测定分析

对福建黄兔肌肉的常规营养成分、胆固醇、烟酸、铁、肌苷酸、氨基酸、脂肪酸组分等进行了测定分析。结果表明:福建黄兔肌肉蛋白质含量20.28%,粗脂肪含量0.98%,胆固醇含量39.87 mg/100 g,烟酸4.41 mg/100 g,铁10.03 mg/kg,肌苷酸含量3.54 mg/g,氨基酸总量18.45%,必需氨基酸6.50%,鲜味氨基酸9.20%,不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸比1.49。说明福建黄兔肉富含蛋白质、肌苷酸、风味氨基酸和必需脂肪酸,营养价值高,是优质的膳食肉。     

布氏鲷肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价

通过对布氏鲷肌肉营养成分的测定和分析,评估和讨论其肉质的风味特征。结果表明:布氏鲷肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分的含量分别为77.6%、18.6%、1.5%、1.5%;肌肉中18种氨基酸的总量为鲜重的17.67%,其中4种鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的38.2%,是其美味的主要因素;必需氨基酸指数75.17,构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准;肌肉中含有14种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸中EPA+DHA含量占8.91%;营养元素种类丰富,矿物质中钾含量最高,微量元素铁含量最高。布氏鲷是一种味道鲜美、营养丰富的鱼类。     

中国林蛙腿肉的营养成分分析与评价

按照国家食品相关标准分析的测定方法,对雌雄中国林蛙长白山亚种(简称中国林蛙)的腿部肌肉营养成分进行了比较分析和营养品质评价。结果表明:雌性与雄性中国林蛙肌肉(鲜样)的一般营养成分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),分别为水分79.20%和79.60%、粗蛋白18.70%和18.10%、粗脂肪0.30%和0.60%、灰分1.10%和1.10%;雌雄蛙肉中17种氨基酸总量(干样)分别为88.71%和88.79%,其中7种必需氨基酸总量分别是38.47%和37.74%,鲜味氨基酸总量为30.27%和30.83%,雌雄中国林蛙必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸与氨基酸总量的比值均无显著差异(P>0.05);必需氨基酸指数为雌蛙(87.10),略高于雄蛙(86.04)。根据氨基酸评分,中国林蛙的第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸;而根据化学评分,则第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸。研究表明,雌性与雄性中国林蛙腿肌的一般营养成分和氨基酸的含量与组成均无显著性差异,肌肉中粗蛋白和水分含量高,氨基酸组成和含量丰富,营养价值高,有较好的食用价值与保健作用。     

野生与养殖刀鲚肌肉营养成分的比较分析

为了比较野生与养殖刀鲚(Coilia nasus)肌肉营养成分差异,利用常规方法对野生(捕自长江靖江段)和养殖刀鲚(以活饵为食)肌肉的一般营养成分和氨基酸含量进行测定.结果表明,野生刀鲚肌肉鲜样中粗蛋白质和灰分含量均显著低于养殖刀鲚(P<0.05),而粗脂肪含量为则显著高于养殖刀鲚(P<0.05),两者的水分含量无显著...     

大雁卵中磷脂含量的测定

对大雁卵 (鸿雁、灰雁 )卵黄和鹅蛋蛋黄中磷脂含量进行检测分析 ,试验结果表明 ,大雁卵卵黄中磷脂含量明显低于家鹅卵 ,而鸿雁和灰雁卵黄中磷脂含量无显著差异。     

Isolation and characterization of a Neisseria sp. from the captive wild goose (Anser anser)

The present study investigated 15 dead cases of captive wild goslings (Anser anser), which were bred in a small poultry farm in Shandong Province, China. The examined cases presented diverse clinical signs accompanied with neurological manifestations and fatal outcomes. Bacterial culture identified the gram‐negative Neisseria sp. from the brain homogenate of most examined cases (10/15, 66.7%). The isolated bacteria were identified based on morphologic characteristics, biochemical tests and 16S rDNA typing. Results proved that 1 identical bacterial strain (BNO09‐3) was isolated from the positive cases. The phylogeny based on the 16S rDNA gene sequences indicated that this isolate has a close relationship with various strains of genus Neisseria sp. isolated from liver and feces of duck. This is the first report of Neisseria sp. causing fatality in captive wild geese in China.     

Annual migratory patterns of Far East Greylag Geese (Anser anser rubrirostris) revealed by GPS tracking

Twenty Far East Greylag Geese, Anser anser rubrirostris, were captured and fitted with Global Positioning System/Global System for Mobile Communications (GPS/GSM) loggers to identify breeding and wintering areas, migration routes and stopover sites. Telemetry data for the first time showed linkages between their Yangtze River wintering areas, stopover sites in northeastern China, and breeding/molting grounds in eastern Mongolia and northeast China. 10 of the 20 tagged individuals provided sufficient data. They stopped on migration at the Yellow River Estuary, Beidagang Reservoir and Xar Moron River, confirming these areas as being important stopover sites for this population. The median spring migration duration was 33.7 days (individuals started migrating between 25 February and 16 March and completed migrating from 1 to 9 April) compared to 52.7 days in autumn (26 September–13 October until 4 November–11 December). The median stopover duration was 31.1 and 51.3 days and the median speed of travel was 62.6 and 47.9 km/day for spring and autumn migration, respectively. The significant differences between spring and autumn migration on the migration duration, the stopover duration and the migration speed confirmed that tagged adult Greylag Geese traveled faster in spring than autumn, supporting the hypothesis that they should be more time‐limited during spring migration.     

养殖斑尾复虾虎鱼肌肉营养成分的分析和评价

为了了解养殖斑尾复虾虎鱼肌肉的营养特征,本试验旨在采用生化分析的方法,对养殖斑尾复虾虎鱼肌肉的营养成分进行测定和分析.结果表明:养殖斑尾复虾虎鱼的肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量分别为(82.10±0.21)％、(15.34±0.20)％、(0.87±0.13)％和(1.12±0.03)％.肌肉干样中含有18种常见的氨基酸,其中含量最高的4种氨基酸依次分别为谷氨酸(12.71％)、天冬氨酸(8.42％)、赖氨酸(8.16％)和亮氨酸(6.51％).肌肉中氨基酸总量(TAA)达83.36％,其中必需氨基酸(EAA)含量为31.40％,鲜味氨基酸含量为31.79％.EAA/TAA和EAA/非必需氨基酸分别为(37.65±0.63)％和(70.10±1.90)％.第一和第二限制性氨基酸分别为色氨酸和缬氨酸,必需氨基酸指数为70.19％,支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值为2.22.肌肉中饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为(30.23±0.48)％和(49.52±0.91)％;肌肉中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量为(39.54±1.12)％,n3多不饱和脂肪酸含量为(42.47±1.10)％.由此可知,养殖斑尾复虾虎鱼肉质鲜美,富合营养价值和保健功能,是值得推广养殖的名优品种.     

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components of Black-White Rabbit Muscle

In order to measure the nutritional characteristics of Black-White rabbit meat,the nutrient components,the conventional nutrient,amino acid and fatty acid content of leg muscle in Black-White rabbit were tested and analyzed,and the protein nutritional values were evaluated based on the National Food Security Standard and chemical analytical method of product quality. The results showed that the moisture,crude proteins,crude fats and ash in leg muscle of Black-White rabbit were 73.43%,21.67%,3.83% and 1.13%,respectively. There was no significant difference on the nutrient components between female and male rabbits (P>0.05). The total amino acids,essential amino acids and delicious amino acids were 196.53,78.64 and 70.80 mg/g,respectively. According to amino acid score (AAS),the first limiting amino acid of Black-White rabbit was Val and the second limiting amino acid was Met+Cys. However,based on the standard of chemical score (CS),the first limiting amino acid was Met+Cys and the second was Val. Additionally,the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) was 1.74,and no significant difference was found on the amino acids between female and male rabbits (P>0.05). More specifically,except the fatty acid of C16:1 and C18:3, there was no significant difference in the fatty acid compositions between female and male rabbits (P>0.05). In conclusion,Black-White rabbit meat was composed of high proteins,delicious amino acids and essential amino acids suggesting that it had better balance of amino acids. The unsaturated fatty acids in Black-White rabbit meat were higher than saturated ones meaning high nutritional value and better dietary values.     

黑白花兔肌肉营养成分分析与评价

为了探讨黑白花兔肌肉营养品质特性,试验按照国家食品安全标准和化学分析法,对黑白花兔肌肉（腿肌）常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸构成比例进行测定分析,并评价其蛋白质营养价值。结果显示,黑白花兔肌肉中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和灰分含量分别为73.43%、21.67%、3.83%和1.13%,公、母兔间常规营养成分无显著差异（P>0.05）;黑白花兔肌肉中总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量分别为196.53、78.64和70.80 mg/g;以氨基酸评分（AAS）为标准,第一限制性氨基酸是缬氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸是蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;以化学评分（CS）为标准,第一限制性氨基酸是蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸是缬氨酸,公、母兔间氨基酸含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）;脂肪酸构成比例中不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比为1.74;除棕榈油酸（C16：1）和亚麻酸（C18：3）外,公、母兔间其余脂肪酸含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,黑白花兔肌肉中蛋白质含量高,鲜味氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量丰富,氨基酸平衡性较好,不饱和脂肪酸含量高于饱和脂肪酸,营养价值较高,具有较好的食用价值。     

库布齐沙漠常年放牧蒙古阉牛肌肉常规营养成分及氨基酸含量分析

为了评价蒙古牛肉的肉质特性与营养价值,本研究选择6头4岁的常年放牧在库布齐沙漠的蒙古阉牛,进行了牛肉常规营养成分及氨基酸含量的测定分析。结果显示,牛肉中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙和磷含量分别为68.21%、22.60%、6.49%、2.69%、0.58%和0.55%;牛肉中总氨基酸含量为24.297 g/100 g,必需氨基酸含量为10.265 g/100 g,必需氨基酸的构成比例符合并超过FAO/WHO公布的标准。必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的42.25%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值为73.15%。功能性氨基酸中,鲜味氨基酸和甜鲜味氨基酸含量为总氨基酸的46.891%。另外,必需氨基酸中除缬氨酸之外其他氨基酸全部优于FAO/WHO规定的理想蛋白质模式,缬氨酸含量达到理想蛋白质的83.972%。因此,从牛肉的常规养分含量和氨基酸的营养价值方面来评定,蒙古牛肉属于营养全面的优质蛋白质食物。