碳纳米管复合锂电池负极材料及其制备方法

专利号:200810230097.X为了进一步提高锂离子电池的性能,需要从电极材料出发,研究开发出高性能的电极材料,实现锂郭子电池具有长循环寿命以及提高电池整体能量密度。为了实现这两个目标,就需要提高锂离子电池负     

木/麻/PP纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响

采用无纺织气流成型织坯再热压的工艺,研究汽车内饰用木/麻/PP纤维三元复合材料中,3种纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响.研究结果表明,增加PP纤维含量,可以提高复合材料的静曲强度和耐水性;麻纤维含量增加对提高材料的强度影响显著,但耐水性略有下降.当PP纤维含量为40%、麻纤维为30%、木纤维30%时,复合材料的性能较佳.     

不同人造板意杨基材对薄木饰面板浸渍剥离性能的影响

以意杨中密度纤维板(MDF)和意杨刨花板(PB)为基材进行硬枫薄木饰面,研究饰面板加工工艺对2种不同基材的饰面板性能的影响.结果表明,含水率和表面胶合强度测试均能达到国家标准要求;而浸渍剥离强度受热压温度的影响最显著,热压温度越高浸渍剥离值越低,110℃时能达到国标要求.热压温度、热压时间、涂胶量和单位压力是影响2种基材饰面板浸渍剥离的先后因子,且优化工艺基本一致.说明两种不同基材进行薄木饰面的加工工艺对板材浸渍剥离性能的影响不大,在实际生产中可以不考虑意杨MDF和PB基材种类的变化.     

模拟不同施肥处理对芳樟树高和地径的影响

为探讨不同施肥处理对芳樟Cinnamomum camphora var.1inaloolifera Fujita.树高和地径的影响。运用三元二次通用旋转组合设计,对不同的施肥处理对芳樟的树高和地径的影响开展研究;结合各个指标值建立数学模型,对其拟合方程进行最优求解,确定芳樟最优生长的施肥配比。显著性分析结果显示:N和K施用量对树高和地径有显著影响,P施用量对树高和地径极显著。建立N、P和K施用量与芳樟树高和地径数学模型的回归方程,据此计算出最优树高可达到43.16 cm,与之对应的N,P和K的施肥量分别为3.64,5.00,3.07g。最优地径可达到6.34 mm,与之对应的N,P和K的施肥量分别为:3.01,3.01,2.7g。研究结果显示:不同的芳樟树高和地径最佳N、P和K施肥配比不完全相同,树高生长对N、P、K需求量均较大,对P的需求尤为明显,地径生长对N、P、K需求均较大。因此在实际的芳樟林培育生产中,可以根据不同的生产需求或阶段选择需要的最优施肥方案,而达到施肥功效最大化的目的。     

回收聚丙烯-木纤维复合材料的制备及性能

利用回收聚丙烯和木纤维为原料制备木塑复合材料,分析聚丙烯加量、补强剂种类、产品密度和纤维形态等对材料性能的影响.结果表明:增大聚丙烯比例能大幅提高物理力学性能;补强剂能明显改善所测性能;板材密度对提高抗弯性能最有效;中粗纤维制备的复合材料抗弯性能最好,但内结合强度相对最低.本研究范围内最佳工艺参数为:聚丙烯40%、PAPI 2%,板材密度1.05 g/cm3和采用中粗纤维.     

栽培年限对东北人参中皂苷合成基因表达量的影响

以不同栽培年限的东北人参为材料,对其皂苷生物合成途径中各关键酶基因表达量进行研究,结果表明:SS、SQE1、SQE2、β-AS和CAS基因表达量在2 a生时均达到峰值,之后呈现下降趋势。在相关性分析中,SS、SQE1、β-AS和CAS四种基因表达量呈显著正相关(p0.05);SS基因和SQE1基因、SS基因和CAS基因、SQE1基因和CAS基因的表达量呈极显著正相关(p0.01);而β-AS、CAS和SQE2三种基因的相关性亦达到显著水平(p0.05)。     

木塑复合材料阻燃改性中的主要影响因素

研究了木塑复合材料阻燃改性中的3个重要因素,即木塑比例、阻燃剂种类和阻燃剂的添加量对其性能的影响。结果表明:木塑比例对材料的综合性能影响最大,木粉与塑料的比例提高时,材料的耐水性能提高,而材料的阻燃性能降低,静曲强度降低;在不同种类的阻燃剂对材料的阻燃性能改性实验中,复合磷氮类阻燃剂效果最佳;阻燃剂的添加实验表明,随着阻燃剂添加的量增加,材料的阻燃性能提高,内结合强度加大,而耐水性能降低。     

鄂北岗地美洲黑杨及杂交无性系对比试验

通过20个美洲黑杨及杂交无性系岗地造林对比试验,对不同无性系的物候期、保存率和生长量进行观测分析,结果表明:不同品系保存率差异达到显著水平;不同品系生长量差异达到极显著水平;不同品系冠高、冠幅差异达到极显著水平;生长量、冠高、冠幅相关方差分析,均达到极显著水平,生长量与物候期之间未达到显著水平;抗虫害比较品系间差异不显著,抗旱性比较国内系列较从日本引进的品系耐旱,DD89-23无性系生长快、干形好、适应性强,平均单株材积比中潜3号高10.00%,为鄂北岗地及低山营造丰产林提供种质材料和依据。     

YYB660型液压起重臂

四川省林业机械研究设计所在岷江林业机械厂、道孚林业局等单位的配合下,联合进行方案和技术设计,于1980年研制成功我国林业第一台六吨米级的全回转式液压起重臂.两年多来,该起重臂经成都贮木场和成都科技大学的生产性能试验、液压系统及结构应力的静动态性能测试考核,证月样机主要性能指标达到了设计要求,并接近国外同类型产品的技术水平,能适应林业木材装卸归作业和部分工程材料装卸作业的需要.1983年3月通过了省级鉴定.     

施肥对苦竹笋养分及营养成分的影响研究

采用单因素变量设计,研究含相同量氮、磷、钾的有机肥、复合肥、无机肥等不同肥料种类对苦竹笋养分含量及营养成分的影响。研究结果表明,施肥能显著地或极显著地提高苦竹笋中氮、磷、钾含量。不施肥处理竹笋中还原糖、可溶性总糖、蔗糖含量均高于施肥处理,且差异达到极显著水平;蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪含量则为施肥处理高于不施肥处理,差异达到极显著水平。在3种肥料中,与复合肥和无机肥相比,有机肥处理苦竹笋中还原糖、可溶性总糖、蔗糖、粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪等营养成分含量均为最高,除可溶性总糖差异显著外,其他指标均达到极显著差异。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.