培养液中不同浓度肝素对蓝狐精子体外获能的影响

采用上游法分离优化精子,以mTyrod's液作为基础培养液检测培养液中不同质量浓度肝素对蓝狐精子体外获能的影响,试验设4个肝素质量浓度:0,10,20,50 μg/mL,38.5℃、5%C02培养箱进行孵育,获能培养时间为6h.利用考马斯亮蓝染色法检测精子顶体反应率,伊红-苯胺黑染色法检测活精子比率,观测法检测精子活力...     

不同浓度肝素对塔里木马鹿精子体外获能效果的影响

为了探讨不同浓度肝素对塔里木马鹿精子体外获能的影响,试验随机取塔里木马鹿冻融精子,添加到SP-TALIP获能液中并添加不同浓度(0,10,20,50,100μg/m L)的肝素,在显微镜下检测0,2,4,6,8小时时的精子活力,试验采用金霉素(CTC)染色法检测精子获能率及顶体反应率等指标,探讨不同浓度肝素对塔里木马鹿精子活力、存活时间、获能率、顶体反应率的影响。结果表明:精子活力随肝素浓度升高而呈下降趋势,4 h后10μg/m L和20μg/m L肝素组精子活力显著高于其他组(P0.05),其中20μg/m L肝素组精子存活时间最长,显著高于其他组(P0.05)。随着培养时间的延长,各试验组精子获能率与对照组相比明显提高,2小时、4小时时20μg/m L肝素组精子获能率显著高于其他组(P0.05);各试验组精子顶体反应率与对照组相比有升高趋势。说明获能液中添加20μg/m L肝素可有效诱导塔里木马鹿精子体外获能。     

波尔山羊精子体外获能及穿卵效果的研究

通过不同培养液对精子获能效果、获能后穿卵效果的比较,确定培养液的适宜配方及获能液中肝素的适宜添加浓度。精子用含有肝素的3种培养液进行获能处理,每个处理4个重复。试验设计了5个不同的肝素水平,即0、5、10、15、20μg/mL。于获能处理后4 h检查精子的顶体反应率、活力和活精子率。结果表明,添加15μg/mL和20μg/mL肝素能促进精子的获能效果和获能精子的穿卵效果。     

孕酮对牛精子体外受精及胚胎发育的影响

通过在牛精子获能液中添加不同浓度的孕酮,应用体外培养技术对牛精子体外获能及早期胚胎发育进行了研究。通过对顶体反应、超激活、早期胚胎发育率及其与精子孵育时间对精子活率的观察,筛选出获能液中最适孕酮浓度及其有利于牛早期胚胎发育的最佳浓度。结果表明,单独添加孕酮不能诱导牛精子体外获能;孕酮只能诱导获能精子发生顶体反应,而且有一个剂量依赖关系,以1μg/mL的添加效果最好。当浓度超过1μg/mL、作用时间超过4h时,精子活率下降;获能液中添加孕酮,无论剂量多少,对胚胎体外发育无明显的促进作用。     

不同获能条件对猪精子体外获能和体外受精的影响

探讨猪精子在mTBM和TALP中分别获能2、3、4、5h和6h对体外获能的影响,并研究最适获能时间的精子体外受精的效果。结果表明:随着获能时间的延长,猪精子顶体反应率逐渐升高、质膜完整性逐渐下降,获能6h时的顶体反应率显著高于其他时间组,分别为52.5%和50.8%(P<0.05);质膜完整性显著低于其他时间组,分别为30.5%和31.4%(P<0.05);可获能4h的超激活运动率显著高于其他时间组,分别为56.6%和54.5%。将鲜精与冻融的精子获能4h后与成熟的猪卵母细胞进行体外受精,mTBM处理组的卵裂率显著高于TALP,分别为42.7%与40.2%和35.9%与33.4%,但鲜精与冷冻精液组间差异不显著。     

肝素浓度对辽宁绒山羊精子体外获能的影响

在TALP液中添加不同浓度(25、50、100μg/mL)的肝素对辽宁绒山羊精子进行获能处理,在显微镜下检测处理1、2、3、4、5h后的精子活力,用考马斯亮蓝染色法检测获能处理0.5、1、2、4h后的精子获能状况,探讨肝素浓度对绒山羊精子活力、存活时间、获能率的影响。结果发现,在38.5℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度条件下,精子活力随肝素浓度升高而下降,3 h以后25μg/mL肝素组精子活力显著高于其它肝素组(P<0.05)。添加肝素组获能率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各肝素组精子获能率差异不显著(P>0.05)。对照组精子存活时间最长,25μg/mL肝素组精子存活时间为10.12 h,显著高于其它两组(P<0.05)。表明25μg/mL肝素处理辽宁绒山羊精子体外获能较为适宜。     

咖啡因对马鹿精子体外获能作用的研究

为研究不同浓度咖啡因对马鹿精子体外获能的作用,取健康马鹿冻精,分别以0、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0 mmol/L咖啡因处理液作用精子,在孵育0、15、30、60、120、240 min的各个时间点取样,观察精子活力,并用考马斯亮蓝染色法检测各组精子的顶体反应(AR)。结果表明:咖啡因浓度为5.0 mmol/L时精子活力最高(80.19±0.52%),马鹿精子顶体反应率最高(61.94±1.50%),与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),咖啡因作用30 min时各组的顶体反应率达到最高值。     

二甲基亚砜对蓝狐精子活率和体外获能的影响

DMSO是一种有机溶剂,影响精子体外获能的孕酮、肝素、钙离子载体多溶于此溶剂,因此确定蓝狐精子最适合的DMSO浓度及其作用时间是十分必要的.试验将分离、优化的蓝狐精子置于BO液中,在38.5 ℃、5%CO2培养箱中进行获能培养,然后分别在6个浓度(0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)的DMSO中和4个时间(15分钟、30分钟、60分钟、120分钟)进行考马斯亮蓝染色和伊红-苯胺黑染色,检测并统计精子顶体反应率、精子活率,利用SPSS11.0统计分析软件分析试验数据.试验结果显示:蓝狐精子在DMSO浓度为0.2%和120分钟时体外获能效果最好.     

不同浓度Ca~(2+)对塔里木马鹿冻融精子体外获能及蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化的影响

为探讨不同浓度Ca~(2+)对马鹿精子体外获能的影响,本研究以塔里木马鹿冻融精子为试验材料,将精子分别悬浮于含不同浓度Ca~(2+)(0、1.1、2.2、3.5、5.0mmol/L)的台氏液(sp-TALP液)中,在培养0、2、4h时,采用金霉素(CTC)染色法评价精子获能状态,采用SDS-PAGE分离精子膜蛋白,进行免疫印迹分析,检测酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白的表达水平。结果表明,Ca~(2+)浓度为1.1、2.2mmol/L有利于精子活力的维持(P0.05),精子获能率极显著高于对照组和高浓度组(3.5、5.0mmol/L;P0.01),精子存活时间最长(P0.01),但高浓度Ca~(2+)(5.0mmol/L)对精子活力具有显著抑制作用(P0.05),精子获能率极显著低于低浓度组(P0.01),精子存活时间最短(P0.01);另外,随着培养时间的推移精子发生酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白的表达水平有所不同,培养2、4h时,1.1mmol/L组精子蛋白磷酸化水平极显著高于其他各组(P0.01),高浓度Ca~(2+)(3.5、5.0mmol/L)组酪氨酸磷酸化蛋白的表达水平极显著下降(P0.01)。结果表明,塔里木马鹿精子体外获能所需的适宜Ca~(2+)浓度为1.1mmol/L,且获能过程中Ca~(2+)的存在是必要的。     

钙离子载体对牛精子体外受精及胚胎发育的影响

在牛精子获能液中添加不同浓度的钙离子载体,应用体外培养技术对牛精子体外获能及早期胚胎发育作了研究。通过对顶体反应、超激活、活率和早期胚胎发育率的观察,筛选出获能液中最适的钙离子载体浓度,作用时间及其有利于早期胚胎发育的最佳浓度。结果表明:钙离子载体在诱导牛精子获能上存在一个浓度-时间阈值,其最佳浓度和时间组合是0.1μM处理2min或者0.15μM处理0.5min,此时的囊胚率最高;钙离子载体的添加不能诱导牛精子获能的发生。     

Follicular fluid stimulates capacitation and acrosome reaction in alpaca sperm (Vicugna pacos)

The follicular fluid exerts an effect on the sperm capacitation of several species; however, these effects vary according to species, both in the sperm motility and in the subsequent acrosome reaction. In this study, the effect of alpaca follicular fluid (aFF) on the motility and acrosome reaction of alpaca spermatozoa was observed, using follicular fluid of three follicle sizes: small (<3 mm), medium (3‐6 mm) and large (>6 mm), in a concentration of 30%. Sperm motility at the first hour of incubation with aFF of small follicles was 48.0%, with aFF of medium follicles it was 43.33% and with aFF of large follicles, it was 34.53%, while control averaged 26.00%. At the second hour, control achieved an average of 28.13%, treatment with aFF from small follicles showed an average of 46.53%, with aFF from medium follicles it was 40.00% and with aFF from large follicles it was 35.60%. The acrosome reaction after 4 hours of incubation was 30.06% for control, whereas for aFF of small follicles it was 66.3%, with aFF of medium follicles it was 58.86% and for aFF of large follicles, it was 67.63%. In the case of sperm motility, a significant difference is demonstrated for all treatments in relation to the control at the first hour, whereas only the treatments with aFF of small and medium follicles show a significant difference with respect to the control at the second hour. In the case of the acrosome reaction, all treatments with follicular fluid show a significant difference with respect to the control. It was concluded that alpaca follicular fluid favours sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction in alpaca spermatozoa.     

孕酮和雌二醇对绵羊精子体外获能的影响

试验探讨孕酮和雌二醇对绵羊精子体外获能和顶体反应的影响。将绵羊精子分别加到含不同浓度孕酮(1、10和100μmol/L)和雌二醇(1、10、和100μmol/L)的输卵管合成液(SOF)中,作用不同时间后分别取出部分精子样本进行金霉素荧光染色(chlortetracycline,CTC),通过精子与CTC结合染色的不同类型来评定孕酮和雌二醇对绵羊精子的作用。结果表明:雌二醇对绵羊精子体外获能和顶体反应都没有显著的促进作用(P>0.05);一定浓度的孕酮和雌激素组合抑制绵羊精子体外获能和顶体反应的发生(P<0.05)。     

In vitro capacitation of stallion spermatozoa assessed by the lysophosphatidylcholine-induced acrosome reaction and the penetration rate into in vitro-matured, zona-free mare oocytes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of various chemicals to induce capacitation of stallion spermatozoa using 2 different assay systems. In Experiment 1, freshly ejaculated spermatozoa were treated for 0, 3 and 6 h with 10 μ g/ml heparin, 0.5 mM hypotaurine or 5 mM caffeine, or were incubated for 0, 3 and 6 h following 1 min exposure to 0.1 μ M ionophore A23187. The acrosome reaction (AR) in the capacitated spermatozoa was induced by 15 min challenge with 100 μ g/ml lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). In the BO/BSA-control medium (Brackett and Oliphant medium with 0.3% BSA), mean percentage of AR spermatozoa at 0 h was 30%, and the AR rates increased to 40 and 48% after 3 and 6 h incubation, respectively. There was no significant further increase of the AR rates in the spermatozoa treated with heparin (50% at 6 h) and hypotaurine (58% at 6 h) when compared to the control. Caffeine had a beneficial effect on inducing sperm capacitation after 3 and 6 h incubation (AR rates; 61 and 66%, respectively, P<0.01). Immediately after ionophore A23187 treatment, the AR rate increased to 56%, and reached 68 and 67% after 3 and 6 h incubation, respectively (P<0.01). Spermatozoal motility at any time points did not differ between control and any chemical treatment groups, except one treatment (ionophore; 3 h group).In Experiment 2, frozen-thawed spermatozoa were treated with 4 different chemicals as described above. Aliquot of spermatozoa was added to a microdrop of BO/BSA medium in which 6 to 10 in vitro-matured, zona-free mare oocytes were placed, and the oocytes were fixed and stained 20 h after insemination. The penetration rate by BO/BSA-treated spermatozoa was 76%, which was comparable to the results with heparin (73%), hypotaurine (78%) and caffeine (58%). In contrast, treatment of spermatozoa with ionophore A23187 gave a significantly lower penetration rate (30%) than the control value. Surprisingly these two experiments had different conclusions in assessing capacitation of stallion spermatozoa.     

Effect of human tubal fluid medium and hyperactivation inducers on stallion sperm capacitation and hyperactivation

Conventional in vitro fertilization has not yet been implemented in the equine species. One of the main reasons has been the inability to develop a culture medium and incubation conditions supporting high levels of stallion sperm capacitation and hyperactivation in vitro. Although different culture media have been used for this purpose, human tubal fluid (HTF) medium, widely used in the manipulation of human and mice gametes, has not been reported so far in stallion sperm culture. The first part of this study aimed to compare HTF and Whitten's media on different stallion sperm quality and capacitation variables. Additionally, the effect of procaine, aminopyridine and caffeine in both media was evaluated on sperm motility parameters at different incubation times. Integrity and destabilization of the plasma membrane were evaluated by merocyanine 540/SYTOX Green (MC540), mitochondrial membrane potential (?Ψm) using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate (TMRM), acrosome membrane integrity by PNA/FITC and tyrosine phosphorylation by P‐tyrosine mouse mAb conjugated to Alexa Fluor® by flow cytometry. Motility parameters were evaluated using the integrated semen analysis system (ISAS®). We found no differences between Whitten's and HTF media and incubation time in terms of sperm viability, uninduced acrosome membrane damage or mitochondrial membrane potential at 30‐ and 120‐min incubation. Membrane fluidity (MC540) increased in both media at 30‐ and 120‐min incubation compared to noncapacitating conditions. Similarly, tyrosine phosphorylation increased in both media in capacitating conditions at 2‐ and 4‐hr incubation compared to noncapacitating conditions. Although procaine showed the best result in terms of sperm hyperactivated motility in both media, aminopyridine also showed parameters consistent with the hyperactivation including an increase in curvilinear velocity and decrease in straightness. In conclusion, HTF medium and aminopyridine equally support capacitation‐related parameters in stallion sperm.     

水牛附睾尾精子的体外受精

采用肝素诱导获能 ,比较了 TAL P液和 BO液处理水牛附睾尾精子进行体外受精和细管冷冻精液体外受精的效果。结果表明 ,用 BO液和 TAL P液分别处理水牛附睾尾精子 ,受精后的卵裂率分别为 4 6 .6 7%和 5 3.73% ,发育率分别为 2 1.6 7%和 2 6 .87% ,其受精效果差异不显著。综合 2种方法 ,水牛附睾尾精子的受精率为 5 7.14 % ,受精后的卵裂率为 5 0 .39% ;发育率相对于培养卵为 2 4 .4 1% ,相对于卵裂卵为 4 8.4 4 % ;与细管冷冻精液 (5 6 .0 0 % ,5 4 .31% ,2 6 .72 % ,4 9.2 1% )相比 ,差异不显著。形态学观察还表明 ,用保温干储的方法可获得活率好、存活时间长的附睾尾精子。试验结果说明水牛附睾尾精子用于体外受精可以得到与细管冷冻精液相当的效果。     

Effect of Exogenous Progesterone on Post-thaw Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction of Bovine Spermatozoa

The aim of this work was to study the effect of progesterone (P4) on capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR) of post-thaw bovine spermatozoa in vitro. Spermatozoa were incubated (0-180 min) in capacitation medium supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 microg/ml of P4. At different time intervals aliquots were taken to determine sperm plasma membrane lipid destabilization, or capacitation (AR induced by lysophosphatidylcholine) in spermatozoa. The second experiment aimed to study the effects of P4, as potential inducer of AR in heparin-capacitated spermatozoa. The acrosomal status and viability of spermatozoa were evaluated under an epifluorescence microscope using Ethidium homodimer/peanut agglutinin fluorescein isothiocyanate staining method. Plasma membrane scrambling in spermatozoa was assessed by a flow cytometer, using merocyanine staining. The results show that P4 at the concentrations used had no negative effects on sperm viability. Progesterone significantly enhanced sperm capacitation (p < 0.001), but had no effect on plasma membrane lipid stability (p > 0.05) and did not significantly increase the AR of heparin-capacitated spermatozoa (p > 0.05). Progesterone displayed its effects in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum effect of 10 microg/ml P4 at 180 min of incubation. The results demonstrate that in cryopreserved bovine semen, P4 acts as capacitating, but not as an AR-inducing agent.     

Effect of Foetal Bovine Serum on sperm motility,acrosome reaction and spermatic interaction to zona pellucida in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

The use of foetal bovine serum (FBS) in cell culture media is quite common. However, little is known about the effect of FBS on sperm. The severe difficulties in alpaca reproduction demand the search of new methods for in vitro reproductive management. In the present study, we use for the first time FBS as a supplement in the culture medium for sperm in alpaca, and the effect of FBS on motility, acrosome reaction and sperm binding to the zona pellucida in this species was evaluated. A concentration of 10% v/v FBS was used. The sperm motility with FBS at the first hour was 32.8% (vs. control = 30.0%), whereas at the second hour sperm motility with FBS was 30.2% (vs. control = 28.8%). The acrosome reaction reached an average of 44.0% for treatment with FBS (vs. control = 30.1%). The sperm‐zona pellucida binding assay showed that the samples incubated with FBS had an average of 2.7 bound sperm (vs. control = 1.7). Only a significant difference was observed for sperm motility at the first hour and for the acrosome reaction. It is concluded that FBS favours the capacitation of sperm in alpaca.     

Pentoxifylline induces capacitation and acrosome reaction and improves quality of motility in canine ejaculated spermatozoa

To evaluate effects of different concentrations of pentoxifylline, as phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on quality of motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction, Ejaculated spermatozoa were collected from crossbred dogs. The sperm were incubated at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mM pentoxifylline for 2 h. Conventional assessment was also made on the percentage of motility and quality of motility of spermatozoa; values were expressed as sperm motility index (SMI). Capacitation and acrosome reaction were also evaluated by chlortetracycline fluorescence staining. SMI as quality index of sperm was significantly increased in concentrations of 10 and 100 mM pentoxifylline during 1 and 2 h compared to control. The number of capacitated or acrosome reacted spermatozoa significantly (P < 0.05) were higher than controls at high concentrations of pentoxifylline (10 and 100 mM) during 1 and 2 h. In conclusion, high concentration of pentoxifylline is able to induce capacitation and acrosome reaction and improves quality of motility in canine ejaculated spermatozoa.     

葡萄糖在牛体外受精及胚胎发育中的影响

在牛精子获能液中添加不同浓度的葡萄糖,应用体外培养技术对牛精子体外获能及早期胚胎发育进行研究,通过观察顶体反应、超激活、活率和早期胚胎发育率,筛选出获能液中最适葡萄糖浓度及其有利于牛早期胚胎发育的最佳浓度.结果表明:葡萄糖是精子获能和维持超激活运动的主要能源物质,其代谢过程中产生的活性氧在牛精子体外获能、受精过程中起重要作用,高浓度(超过9.15 mM)葡萄糖有利于获能的完成;但是对早期胚胎发育不利,对早期胚胎发育来说其最适添加量为6.10 mM,此时的囊胚率最高.