玉米人工合成群体S2遗传变异SSR标记评估

本研究利用SSR标记技术分析2个玉米人工合成群体S2分子水平的遗传变异,为群体合成及自交后代的选择提供一定理论依据。结果表明,40对引物在2个群体S2中共扩增出420个等位位点,每个SSR座位的等位基因数目为3～25个,平均为10.5个。GP-5S2的多态位点数、多态位点比例、基因型数、变异系数、基因杂合度等均大于GP-4S2,表明GP-5S2入选株系的遗传变异较GP-4S2大。遗传距离比较表明,不同群体S2间平均遗传距离大于群体内株系间平均遗传距离,群体内株系间平均遗传距离又远远大于株系内个体间平均遗传距离。根据遗传距离,可将60个单株分为5个大类10个亚类,GP-4S2部分株系和GP-5S2部分株系聚在同一亚类,表明GP-4S2和GP-5S2的部分株系可能有相似的遗传背景。因此,玉米人工合成群体亲本材料的选择应将田间鉴定与SSR检测结合,并根据育种目标确定合成材料的多少,而在自交后代选择中则应侧重系间选择。     

我国常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异分析

 采用40个SSR标记,分析了329份我国近50年来常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异。结果显示,39个SSR标记具有多态性,在多态性位点共检测到223个等位基因,每个位点2～11个,平均57个;平均Nei基因多样性指数（He）为0632。籼粳亚种间的SSR变异差异明显,籼稻平均等位基因数（Na）和Nei基因多样性指数（Na = 54,He = 0440）均高于粳稻品种（Na = 44,He = 0397）。Nei遗传相似系数表明总体样本具有较小的遗传相似度（I = 0366）,而骨干亲本具有较高的遗传相似度（籼:I = 0590;粳:I = 0590）。这导致了籼粳亚种内较高的遗传一致性（籼:I = 0558;粳:I = 0600）。早、中、晚稻各类型遗传相似度差异明显,晚籼和早粳类型具有较高的遗传变异。籼粳稻品种尤其是粳稻的聚类结果显示出较强的季节型和地域特征。这些均提示育种家应选择更广泛的亲本源以拓宽选育品种的遗传基础。     

玉米人工合成群体S2遗传变异SSR标记评估

本研究利用SSR标记技术分析2个玉米人工合成群体S2分子水平的遗传变异，为群体合成及自交后代的选择提供一定理论依据。结果表明，40对引物在2个群体S₂中共扩增出420个等位位点，每个SSR座位的等位基因数目为3～25个，平均为10.5个。GP-5 S2的多态位点数、多态位点比例、基因型数、变异系数、基因杂合度等均大于GP-4 S₂，表明GP-5 S₂入选株系的遗传变异较GP-4 S₂大。遗传距离比较表明，不同群体S₂间平均遗传距离大于群体内株系间平均遗传距离，群体内株系间平均遗传距离又远远大于株系内个体间平均遗传距离。根据遗传距离，可将60个单株分为5个大类10个亚类，GP-4 S₂部分株系和GP-5 S₂部分株系聚在同一亚类，表明GP-4 S₂和GP-5 S₂的部分株系可能有相似的遗传背景。因此，玉米人工合成群体亲本材料的选择应将田间鉴定与SSR检测结合，并根据育种目标确定合成材料的多少，而在自交后代选择中则应侧重系间选择。     

黑龙江省水稻品种产量性状及其遗传变异分析

本试验选用黑龙江省17个水稻品种,采用随机区组试验设计法,进行了变异系数、方差分析、主成分分析.结果表明：品种植株高、稻穗长,但产量较低;倒二叶、倒三叶长而宽有利于提高产量,但结实率偏低;对产量贡献率从大到小顺序为穗长、倒三叶长、剑叶长、穴穗数.     

普通野生稻对水稻白叶枯病抗性的评价及遗传研究初报

 重复评价了48份普通野生稻对3个白叶枯病菌系P1、HB84-17和T1的抗性。6份材料抗所有3个菌系，其中1个材料RBB16的抗性是相对稳定和纯合的。遗传研究表明RBB16对菌系P1、HB84-17和T1的全生育期抗性分别受制于2和3对显性基因，它们与显性基因Xa-4非等位,是否为新基因尚待进一步测定。抗性转育表明RBB16的抗性遗传效应较强。     

野生和栽培大理茶居群的遗传多样性与群体结构

大理茶是栽培型茶树的野生近缘种,了解大理茶居群的遗传多样性和群体结构,对于大理茶资源的有效保护和开发利用至关重要.利用30对茶树核心SSR引物,对3个代表性的野生和栽培大理茶居群进行遗传分析.结果表明,30对SSR引物在所有大理茶样本中都能扩增出特异性产物,每个位点检测到的等位基因数为2～14个,PIC范围为0.041...     

SSR标记对野生大豆种群遗传结构的研究

使用40对SSR引物分析了8个省区天然野生大豆种群的遗传结构和遗传多样性.结果表明:15个种群共检测到633个等位基因,平均每对引物等位变异基因数平均值15.83个;种群平均Shannon指数(Ⅰ)0.7835,种群平均期望杂合度(He)0.4070,种群平均观察杂合度(Ho)0.0012,平均种群内遗传多样度(Hs)...     

不同品种的大米品质评价分析

为探讨不同品种大米的品质,以6种不同品种样品为材料,评价其外观品质和蒸煮食用品质。结果：除了S6样品垩白度1．49％,其余粳米样品和糯米的各个外观品质测定结果,均符合一级精米标准;但样品间蒸煮食用品质还存在较大差异。大米的外观品质和蒸煮特性两者结合可以较为客观的评价大米的食用品质。     

用SSR标记评估东北三省水稻推广品种的遗传多样性

 利用53个SSR标记和24个表型性状分析东北三省107个水稻推广品种,探讨东北水稻推广品种群体遗传多样性及不同育成年代、省份间的遗传多样性和互补性。结果表明,表型遗传多样性高于DNA水平,年代间表型与微卫星标记的遗传多样性具有较高的相似性,而地区间无明显相似性。东北水稻推广品种遗传多样性比较狭窄,随着时间推移增加的新等位基因多于消失的旧等位基因数。三省水稻推广品种遗传多样性呈现黑龙江>吉林>辽宁的趋势,但由于地区间频繁引种,东北水稻品种在区域上的遗传分化已不明显,其差异主要来源于品种间的基因型差异。不同省份存在较多的互补等位变异,最多的在黑龙江和辽宁之间。不同省份和不同年代间分别拥有各自特有和特缺的等位变异。参试品种可分为5个类群,每一类群均有两个以上年代（省份）品种分布。     

Conservation and Utilization of Genetic Resources of Wild Rice in China

The abundant genetic resources of wild rice in China represent a key gene pool for modern rice breeding, contributing to food production and agricultural development in China and worldwide.Between the 1970s and the 2010s, two national wild rice surveys were carried out in China. More than 20 000accessions of three species Oryza rufipogon, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana have been conserved ex situ. An in situ conservation system has also been set up to protect notable and endangered populations....     

Genetic Variation and Geographic Differentiation Among Populations of the Nonmigratory Agricultural Pest Oedaleus infernalis (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) in China

The nonmigratory grasshopper Oedaleus infernalis Saussure (Orthoptera : Acridoidea) is an agricultural pest to crops and forage grasses over a wide natural geographical distribution in China. The genetic diversity and genetic variation among 10 geographically separated populations of O. infernalis was assessed using polymerase chain reaction-based molecular markers, including the intersimple sequence repeat and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sequences. A high level of genetic diversity was detected among these populations from the intersimple sequence repeat (H: 0.2628, I: 0.4129, H_s: 0.2130) and cytochrome oxidase analyses (H_d: 0.653). There was no obvious geographical structure based on an unweighted pair group method analysis and median-joining network. The values of F_ST, θ^II, and Gst estimated in this study are low, and the gene flow is high (N_m> 4). Analysis of the molecular variance suggested that most of the genetic variation occurs within populations, whereas only a small variation takes place between populations. No significant correlation was found between the genetic distance and geographical distance. Overall, our results suggest that the geographical distance plays an unimpeded role in the gene flow among O. infernalis populations.     

东乡野生稻育性恢复性的鉴定与遗传分析

以东乡野生稻水桃树、东塘上2个居群与不同细胞质来源的5个水稻不育系(B06S、珍汕97A、协青早A、中97A和粤泰A）配组,根据F1结实率的高低对东乡野生稻育性恢复性进行鉴定。建立了10个组合的P1、F1、P2、F2群体,利用混合模型理论的Akaike信息准则(AIC),在F2代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因存在与否,主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因和微效基因的遗传效应以及所占总变异的分量。F1代的结实率变化范围为45.98%~76.57%,表明东乡野生稻具有一定的育性恢复性。F2代中该性状符合1对主基因+多基因的遗传模式,主基因遗传率为56.63%~88.29%,多基因遗传率为2.74%~30.97%,总基因型遗传率为63.17%~94.01%。中9A /东塘上居群杂交组合的F2代中,主基因是加性遗传,无显性效应,其他9个组合主基因是完全显性遗传。     

5个水稻品种对水稻纹枯病菌鉴别能力的比较

采用苗期接种法和大田成株期接种法,对5个具有不同纹枯病抗性的水稻品种Lemont、武育粳3号、Jasmine85、C418和YSBR1进行纹枯病抗性评价。苗期接种结果表明,30个来源不同的纹枯病菌接种5个品种后,5个品种苗期表现出明显的抗感差异,30个菌株之间致病力差异亦明显,且品种与菌株之间互作显著。根据聚类分析结果,从30个菌株中筛选出5个致病力不同的菌株(分别为GD118、C30、E67、YN7和YN3)进行水稻品种成株期抗性鉴定,发现水稻品种成株期的抗感差异亦显著。     

广西野生稻资源抗稻瘟病材料的鉴定与评价

 经过3代自交纯化与稻瘟病抗性鉴定,在1500份普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)中发现38份抗病材料,在113份药用野生稻(O. officinalis Wall. ex Watt.)中发现18份抗病材料。普通野生稻和药用野生稻相同材料在不同年份的田间病区诱发鉴定中,各级抗性植株分布差异不显著,鉴定结果表现一致。与普通野生稻相比,广西药用野生稻抗性基因发生的频率显著较高、抗性稳定,是一种特殊抗性类型,从中获得具有重要利用价值的新抗性基因的可能性较大。研究还表明,自交提纯能够明显提高这两种野生稻的平均抗性水平。在田间病区诱发条件下,广西普通野生稻抗性材料出现的频率与地区居群的遗传多样性没有显著相关性。     

Dissecting Genetic Basis of Deep Rooting in Dongxiang Wild Rice

Deep rooting is an important trait in rice drought resistance. Genetic resources of deep-rooting varieties are valuable in breeding of water-saving and drought-resistant rice. In the present study, 234 BC₂F₇ backcross introgression lines were derived from a cross of Dongye 80 (an accession of Dongxiang wild rice as the donor parent) and R974 (an indica restorer line as the recurrent parent). A genetic linkage map containing 1 977 bin markers was constructed by ddRADSeq for QTL analysis. Thirty-one QTLs for four root traits (the number of deep roots, the number of shallow roots, the total number of deep roots and the ratio of deep roots) were assessed on six rice chromosomes in two environments (2020 Shanghai and 2021 Hainan). Two of the QTLs, qDR5.1 and qTR5.2, were located on chromosome 5 in a 70-kb interval. They were detected in both environments. qDR5.1 explained 13.35% of the phenotypic variance in 2020 Shanghai and 12.01% of the phenotypic variance in 2021 Hainan. qTR5.2 accounted for 10.88% and 10.93% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. One QTL (qRDR2.2) for the ratio of deep roots was detected on chromosome 2 in a 210-kb interval and accounted for 6.72% of the phenotypic variance in 2020. The positive effects of these three QTLs were all from Dongxiang wild rice. Furthermore, nine and four putative candidate genes were identified in qRDR2.2 and qDR5.1/qTR5.2, respectively. These findings added to our knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in rice. In addition, this study will facilitate the future isolation of candidate genes of the deep-rooting trait and the utilization of Dongxiang wild rice in the improvement of rice drought resistance.     

不同品种对水稻稻瘟病的抗性评价

为了探讨水稻不同品种对稻瘟病的抗性,在新民村和梧桐河农场水稻田利用7个品种(系)进行了研究,结果表明:新民村叶瘟与穗颈瘟发生较梧桐河农场严重,品种间抗病性存在差异,绥粳8在两点均无稻瘟病发生,其他品种(系)均有不同程度稻瘟病发生,穗颈瘟发生程度与叶瘟成正相关关系。相同品种不同的播期之间稻瘟病表现出播期1(S1)播期3(S3)播期2(S2)的变化规律。     

辽宁省水稻新品种遗传多样性分析

对辽宁省2006年～2009年审定的41个水稻新品种进行性状分析与系谱分析,结果显示,41个水稻品种多数性状上差异不大,品种间的差异性主要体现在有效穗数、总粒数、垩白度、胶稠度等性状及性状结合的不同上.同时41个品种可划分为5个类群,类群间具有一定的差异性,但有43.9%的品种归为一类.63.4%的水稻新品种具有日本品...     

临沂塘稻品种资源的鉴定与利用评价

临沂塘稻是山东省临沂市古老的农家品种,分离类型较多。对所收集的临沂塘稻资源的农艺性状和品质性状进行鉴定与利用评价。结果表明:与临稻10号相比,3份临沂塘稻均表现株高偏高、剑叶长、抗倒性较差、丰产性差、整精米率偏低、加工品质较差,其中塘稻-2的食味品质差,而塘稻-3表现千粒质量高、抗倒性较好、出糙率较高,为香糯类型,生产上有一定的利用价值。     

Genetic Diversity of Wild Rice Species in Yunnan Province of China

Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide.Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice.Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice.However,many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years.Therefore,the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization.Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons.Fortunately,one population of Oryza rufipogon,three of O.officinalis and ten of O.granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites,which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) marker analysis in this study.ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich.The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution,morphological traits,nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.