Transport of energy in muscle: the phosphorylcreatine shuttle

In order to explain the insulin-like effect of exercise, it was proposed in 1951 that contracting muscle fibers liberate creatine, which acts to produce an acceptor effect--later called respiratory control--on the muscle mitochondria. The development of this notion paralleled the controversy between biochemists and physiologists over the delivery of energy for muscle contraction. With the demonstration of functional compartmentation of creatine kinase on the mitochondrion, it became clear that the actual form of energy transport in the muscle fiber is phosphorylcreatine. The finding of an isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase attached to the M-line region of the myofibril revealed the peripheral receptor for the mitochondrially generated phosphorylcreatine. This established a molecular basis for a phosphorylcreatine-creatine shuttle for energy transport in heart and skeletal muscle and provided an explanation for the inability to demonstrate experimentally a direct relation between muscle activity and the concentrations of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate.     

家兔肌酸激酶的分离纯化和测定

[目的]提取分离纯化部分可溶解的肌酸激酶,应用于检测各种病变包括肌肉萎缩和心肌梗塞发生时的血清肌酸激酶水平改变。[方法]先用液氮处理家兔内侧腓肠肌和心肌,经过初步分离纯化得到肌酸激酶的粗提液,然后利用DEAE-52阴离子交换层析进一步纯化酶液,收集其中的活性峰,并用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测其纯度。[结果]证明肌酸激酶是一个二聚体酶,带有两个相同的近似43kDa的亚基,同时显示家兔心肌和骨骼肌的肌酸激酶与其他物种的肌酸激酶有很大的同族性。[结论]新鲜心肌肌酸激酶的活性与贮存时间较长的心肌肌酸激酶的活性有很大差异。肌酸激酶同工酶具有重要的生理功能和临床医学应用价值。     

Ethanol produces muscle damage in human volunteers

Repeated administration of ethanol (42 percent of total calories) for 28 days increased serum creatine phosphokinase activity and produced ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle of human volunteers. The data suggest that alcoholic myopathy results from ethanol toxicity, rather than from nutritional or other factors.     

Histochemical abnormalities of skeletal muscle in patients with acute psychoses

In 29 acutely psychotic patients (mostly schizophrenic), histochemical abnormalities of a myopathic type were demonstrated in skeletal muscle biopsies from 13 and were generally correlated with elevation of the "muscle" type isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase in the patients' serum. The incidence was much higher than found in normal controls, hospitalized neurotic psychiatric patients, or parents of acutely psychotic patients. A diazo-coupling type of "alka-line phosphatase" reaction was particularly useful in identifying abnormal muscle fibers.     

猪血清酶和氟烷敏感性与肌肉品质关系的研究

 本文用54头ES系和30头斯格猪对血清肌酸激酶[CK，EC#-（2，7，3，2）]、乳酸脱氢酶[LDH，EC#-（1，1，1，2）]和氟烷敏感性与肌肉品质的关系进行了研究。结果表明：常规和药物应激后采血时血清CK活性与宰后45分钟肉质指标存在显著性相关（P＜0.01），血清LDH#-5同工酶和肉质指标高度相关（P＜0.001）。并且血清1ogCK值和LDH#-5同工酶在轻度PSE和正常肌肉猪之间存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）；氟烷阳性猪宰后表现典型PSE肌肉（斯格猪n=3），氟烷阴性宰后虽然未发生典型PSE肌肉，但存在轻度PSE肌肉胴体。     

Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency: a new disease of muscle

Five cases of a new disease presented with muscular weakness or cramping after exercise; three of the cases also had an elevated serum creatine phosphokinase. Muscle biopsies were histologically normal but lacked adenylate deaminase by stain and solution assay, while the erythrocyte isozyme was normal. A clinical diagnostic test has been developed, and the human enzyme was separated by acrylamide-gel electrophoresis.     

Human muscle phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency: newly discovered metabolic myopathy

Muscle phosphoglycerate mutase activity was decreased (5.7 percent of the lowest control value) in a 52-year-old man with intolerance for strenuous exercise and recurrent pigmenturia since adolescence. All of the other enzymes of glycolysis had normal activities, and glycogen concentration was normal. Electrophoretic, heat lability, and mercury inhibition studies showed that the small residual activity in the patient's muscle was represented by the brain (BB) isoenzyme of phosphoglycerate mutase, suggesting a genetic defect of the M subunit which predominates in normal muscle. The prevalence of the BB isoenzyme in other tissues, including muscle culture, may explain why symptoms were confined to muscle.     

分布稻田的三种不同体色泥鳅组织LDH同工酶的研究

本文报道了应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳分析研究分布于稻田的三种不同体色泥鳅在心肌,骨骼肌,肝脏,眼,血清七种组织器官中ＬＤＨ同工酶的表达特征。电泳图谱表明,这些组织分布和活力均具有明显的组织特异性;在脑组织ＬＤＨ２活性最强,其它组织如血清,眼,卵巢,肝脏,心肌等组织中ＬＤＨ３活力最强,此外,在肝脏中存在由Ｌｄｈ－Ｃ编码的Ｃ带。     

昆明裂腹鱼不同组织乳酸脱氢酶同工酶研究

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对昆明裂腹鱼的眼球、心脏、肾脏、性腺、脾脏、肝胰脏、脑、鳃和肌肉等9种组织的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(LDH)进行了测定。结果表明:昆明裂腹鱼LDH共有15条酶带表现出特异性,在不同组织中检出的LDH酶带数量不同,以肝胰脏中最多,共检出9条;在酶活性方面,LDH在脑、鳃、肌肉和肾脏等组织中活性最强,而在眼球组织中最弱。     

淫羊藿总苷抗实验性心肌缺血的作用

目的研究淫羊藿总苷的抗实验性心肌缺血作用。方法通过大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)产生急性心肌梗死模型,观察淫羊藿总苷对实验性心肌梗死的影响。结果淫羊藿总苷对急性心肌梗死24h大鼠可明显缩小心肌梗塞面积,降低心肌三酶活性。结论淫羊藿总苷对急性心肌缺血具有保护作用。     

电针猪安神穴的镇痛效应与应激相关分析

通过测定32头试验猪电针安神穴前后与应激反应相关的若干指标,包括体温、心率、呼吸,以及血清中的肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)的活性和总维生素 C 的含量,籍以了解电针猪安神穴所产生的镇痛效应的性质.试验结果分析表明,它虽然有应激因素参与,但不同于急性应激镇痛,而是家畜电针麻醉的一种特有效应.     

油菜种间杂交后代的基因标志

对三大类型油菜及种间杂交后代的同工酶分析表明:它们在酸性磷酸脂酶(APS)同工酶的表现上具有稳定的遗传基础。在白菜型油菜中,B.campestris和B. chinensis属同一物种。在甘蓝型油菜中,随品种来源不同,酶谱有差异。APS在油菜中的表现具有二聚体酶的特性。在油菜远缘杂交中,APS可作为杂种后代鉴定的基因标志。     

丽斑麻蜥和山地麻蜥组织LDH同工酶谱比较研究

应用灵敏度较高的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，结合尿素抑制实验．对丽斑麻蜥和山地麻蜥不同组织（如脑、肝、小肠、心肌、肾、睾丸、肌肉和眼球）中ＬＤＨ同工酶的分布特征和性质进行比较研究。实验结果，两种麻蜥不同组织ＬＤＨ同工酶酶谱十分相似，并具有组织器官特异性、在心肌和小肠等组织中ＬＤＨ同工酶表现出一定的种间特异性。ＬＤＨ同Ｌ酶对尿素抑制的敏感程度依次为ＬＤＨ３＞ＬＤＨ２＞ＬＤＨ１。ＬＤＨ同工酶分布特征与其生理功能和生活环境有一定关系。     

梯度高温对蛋鸡血清酶的影响

将 4 0只京白育成蛋鸡平均分成 2组 ,分别置于 2个人工气候室内 ,对其中一组进行梯度高温处理 ,研究不同程度高温对 5种血清酶的影响 ,结果表明 :高温使谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性显著下降 ,使谷草转氨酶和肌酸磷酸激酶活性显著升高 ,乳酸脱氢酶活性受高温影响不明显。     

金银花的过氧化物酶和淀粉酶同工酶遗传多样性研究

[目的]探讨不同产区金银花的亲缘关系。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳技术,利用过氧化物(POD)同工酶和淀粉酶(AS)同工酶对10个地区11个金银花样品的遗传多样性进行分析。[结果]金银花过氧化物酶同工酶谱带形成2个电泳区域,共有3个酶位点,Rf值分别为0.324、0.671和0.863。其淀粉酶同工酶谱也形成2个电泳区域,共有4个酶位点,Rf值分别为0.125、0.306、0.67和0.792。不同产区金银花的过氧化物酶和淀粉酶具有较丰富的多态性,说明金银花不同居群在遗传本质上是有区别的。聚类分析表明10个产区的11个金银花样品可聚为3个类群。[结论]不同产区金银花的亲缘关系与其遗传本质和地理位置有关。     

几种牧草不同萌发期同功酶分析

以几种禾本科和豆科牧草为试材,采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,测定了牧草种子不同萌发期过氧化物酶同功酶的变化,并据此分析了它与遗传学和品种鉴定等的关系。每种牧草都有其特征酶谱,又因荫发期不同副带有所不同,酶带强弱也不同。当种子萌发达到一定天数时,酶谱趋于稳定。不同种间酶谱差异较大,同种间差异较小。     

Peafowl lactate dehydrogenase: problem of isoenzyme identification

Peafowl, like other vertebrates, contain multiple forms of lactate dehydrogenase. The electrophoretic properties of the peafowl isoenzymes are unusual in that the isoenzyme from heart tissue can be either more or less anodic than that of muscle, depending on the pH. This finding focuses attention on the problem of isoenzyme identification. It is suggested that isoenzymes be identified on the basis of properties that are chemically and biologically more significant than electrophoretic mobility.     

四棱豆过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

为了阐明过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶在四棱豆中的分布规律,鉴定不同四棱豆品种间的亲缘关系,选育优势杂交亲本,我们采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术,研究了同一株四棱豆(K0027)不同节位成熟叶片和16个品种的POD同工酶酶谱特征。结果表明:POD同工酶在同一株四棱豆9个不同节位成熟叶片中的酶带数均为10条,并且各酶带相应的Rf值基本相同;而在16个不同四棱豆品种中酶带数为6～11条,并且各酶带的宽窄、颜色深浅等特征存在明显的差异。结合各酶带的相对迁移率(Rf值)和品种间的联合相似系数(S值)分析可知,(1)POD同工酶在同一株四棱豆不同节位成熟叶片中的表达具有高度的稳定性和相似性;(2)POD同工酶在所选的16个品种间存在明显的差异性,其中K0006和K0035、早熟二号,K0021和K0028品种间的S值在0.2～0.4之间,为最小值,即这两组品种间的亲缘关系最远,为优势杂交亲本组合;(3)同时阐明了POD同工酶在四棱豆中的相关分布规律,为植物分类或品种鉴定提供了科学依据,对杂交育种选材具有重要的实践指导意义。     

铬对烟草中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶的影响

利用不同质量浓度的K2C2O2溶液处理烟草种子,对烟草幼苗的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活力和同工酶进行研究.结果表明,随着Cr6+质量浓度的不断增加,烟草幼苗中抗氧化酶的活性均呈现先升高而后降低的趋势.Cr6+胁迫对SOD及POD活性的影响表现为低质量浓度促进,高质量浓度抑制.在Cr6+胁迫下,PO...     

毛豹皮樟同工酶研

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对毛豹皮樟鲜叶的过氧化物酶同工酶和多酚氧化酶同工酶进行分离测定,二者均分离出3条酶带,并明确其谱型特征,为毛豹皮樟品种鉴定和进一步研究提供依据.