园林绿化中乡土植物资源的应用研究

针对园林绿化中乡土植物资源的应用,做了简单的论述。城市绿化应该以乡土植物为主,合理配置外来植物,形成以新优特稀为点缀的综合布置格局。湖南省乡土植物资源丰富,但应用现状不佳,需要明确乡土植物资源利用现状,为后期城市绿化,提供更多的植物资源选择,体现绿化植物的多样性,使得乡土植物能够得到合理利用。     

乡土植物在城市居住区中的应用

在城市园林绿化中,越来越多的外来植物成为城市绿化的主流,城市间的绿化形式越来越相似,导致"千城一面"现象发生。具有地方特色的优良乡土植物却丧失了其应有的地位。本文通过对乡土植物应用优势的分析,剖析城市绿化中乡土植物的应用现状和存在的问题,提出了推广乡土植物的几点建议。     

乡土植物在城市居住区中的应用

在城市园林绿化中,越来越多的外来植物成为城市绿化的主流,城市间的绿化形式越来越相似,导致"千城一面"现象发生。具有地方特色的优良乡土植物却丧失了其应有的地位。本文通过对乡土植物应用优势的分析,剖析城市绿化中乡土植物的应用现状和存在问题,提出推广乡土植物的几点建议。     

长沙乡土植物资源调查及其城市园林应用

城市绿化中乡土植物应占主导地位。通过对长沙乡土植物资源的调查,了解了长沙乡土植物资源以及长沙城市绿化中乡土植物的概况,分析得出了长沙城市绿化中乡土植物应用存在的问题,并且给出了一些建议。     

乡土植物在园林绿化中的应用

通过对乡土植物自身特点及其优势和独特的利用价值的分析,论述了在当前我国园林绿化中乡土植物的利用现状及其原因,找出问题并对问题进行分析,进而给出合理的策略,以求发展乡土植物,提高我国乡土植物的利用率,并最终促进城市绿化可持续发展。     

乡土植物在我国城市园林绿化中的应用

就乡土植物在我国城市园林绿化中的应用的相关知识展开论述,并就甘肃兰州的相关情况展开分析,旨在提高乡土植物的利用率,最终促进城市绿化的可持续发展。     

乡土植物与城市园林绿化中的景观营造

随着我国现代化城市进程的不断加快,人们对生活质量的要求越来越高,城市绿化受到了人们的高度关注。城市园林绿化不断加快建设步伐,在这个过程中,乡土植物得到了广泛应用。乡土植物的地域特色十分明显,在城市园林绿化中有效利用不仅可以加快城市绿化建设,还能充分节约资源、降低成本,乡土植物营造的景观相对更具本地特色。本文针对乡土植物与城市园林绿化中的景观营造进行了分析探讨。     

乡土植物与城市园林绿化中的景观营造

乡土植物的地域色彩较为浓重,将乡土植物应用到城市园林绿化景观营造中,将会起到一种别样的效果。在城市园林绿化过程中,充分运用乡土植物,可以增强景观营造的效果,有效地促进城市绿化的快速发展。文章主要对乡土植物与城市园林绿化中的景观营造进行了分析。     

乡土植物在城市园林建设中的应用——以新乡市为例

乡土植物是城市园林建设中的重要内容,对城市绿化具有非常重要的意义和作用。因此,本文在研究中主要以乡土植物为重点,探究乡土植物在城市园林建设中的应用,保证城市绿化的整体效果,进而促进河南新乡市环境、文化、经济的快速发展。     

乡土植物在园林绿化设计中的作用

在我国当前的园林绿化中存在的现象是大部分植物都是外来品种,乡土植物的利用率很低,这样不利于植物的多样性发展,同时有可能会加重病虫草的危害,增加绿化成本,降低绿化质量。本文对乡土植物在园林绿化中的优势以及应用进行分析,旨在加强乡土植物与园林绿化中之间的融合发展。     

培育苹果转基因植株的研究

采用“皇家嘎拉”苹果白化面外植体,通过根癌农杆菌ＥＨＡ１０５介导,证明了培养基中存在生长素可促进基因转化,转化效率比对照提高２倍以上。将外植体下ＥＨＡ１０１株系在含有生长素的２基中共培养,获得了转基因植株。采用ＰＣＲ分析和ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ核酸杂交,确定ＧＵＳ基因已整合到苹果植株的染色体上。组织化学染色确定了ＧＵＳ基因在杆株体内的表达。     

Fingerprinting antioxidative activities in plants

Background

A plethora of concurrent cellular activities is mobilised in the adaptation of plants to adverse environmental conditions. This response can be quantified by physiological experiments or metabolic profiling. The intention of this work is to reduce the number of metabolic processes studied to a minimum of relevant parameters with a maximum yield of information. Therefore, we inspected 'summary parameters' characteristic for whole classes of antioxidative metabolites and key enzymes.

Results

Three bioluminescence assays are presented. A horseradish peroxidase-based total antioxidative capacity (TAC) assay is used to probe low molecular weight antioxidants. Peroxidases are quantified by their luminol converting activity (LUPO). Finally, we quantify high molecular weight superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOSA) using coelenterazine. Experiments with Lepidium sativum L. show how salt, drought, cold, and heat influence the antioxidative system represented here by TAC, LUPO, SOSA, catalase, and glutathione reductase (GR). LUPO and SOSA run anti-parallel under all investigated stress conditions suggesting shifts in antioxidative functions rather than formation of antioxidative power. TAC runs in parallel with GR. This indicates that a majority of low molecular weight antioxidants in plants is represented by glutathione.

Conclusion

The set of assays presented here is capable of characterising antioxidative activities in plants. It is inexpensive, quick and reproducible and delivers quantitative data. 'Summary parameters' like TAC, LUPO, and SOSA are quantitative traits which may be promising for implementation in high-throughput screening for robustness of novel mutants, transgenics, or breeds.     

Air ion exposure system for plants

A system was developed for subjecting plants to elevated air ion levels. This system consisted of a rectangular Plexiglas chamber lined with a Faraday cage. Air ions were generated by corona discharge from frayed stainless steel fibers placed at one end of the chamber. This source was capable of producing varying levels of either positive or negative air ions. During plant exposures, environmental conditions were controlled by operating the unit in a growth chamber.     

14 C distribution in lemon plants

¹⁴ C distribution patterns were studied on small potted trees under glasshouse conditions by supplying ¹⁴ CO₂ to selected source leaves for 24 hours and then preparing autoradiographs of the entire shoots. Experiments covered the period from the emergence of new growth, through flowering and fruit-set, up to the stage of fruit maturity.

Newly emerged growth drew ¹⁴ C assimilates from both current photosynthesis and stored substrate. Developing leaves represented strong sinks and did not become contributing organs until fully mature. Flowers also represented uniformly strong sinks for assimilates although after fruit-set some discrimination existed between adjacent fruitlets with respect to their ability to import assimilates. The developing fruit continued to act as sinks for assimilates up to the time of harvest.

¹⁴ C assimilate turnover in mature leaves following a brief exposure to ¹⁴ CO₂ was sluggish, despite the presence of developing shoots in the leaf axils. The removal of ¹⁴ C photosynthate was still incomplete after 38 days in the glasshouse.     

秋色叶植物在园林景观中的配置模式研究

秋色叶树种进入秋季后，其叶片色泽较为均匀地由绿色转为其他颜色，具有较强的观赏价值，在园林景观中被广泛应用。文章在充分调研和借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，提出秋色叶植物在园林景观中的5种配置模式：色块法、混交法、对比法、国画法、分赏法，旨在为秋色叶植物配置提供参考。     

Fine-grained recognition of plants from images

Background

Fine-grained recognition of plants from images is a challenging computer vision task, due to the diverse appearance and complex structure of plants, high intra-class variability and small inter-class differences. We review the state-of-the-art and discuss plant recognition tasks, from identification of plants from specific plant organs to general plant recognition “in the wild”.

Results

We propose texture analysis and deep learning methods for different plant recognition tasks. The methods are evaluated and compared them to the state-of-the-art. Texture analysis is only applied to images with unambiguous segmentation (bark and leaf recognition), whereas CNNs are only applied when sufficiently large datasets are available. The results provide an insight in the complexity of different plant recognition tasks. The proposed methods outperform the state-of-the-art in leaf and bark classification and achieve very competitive results in plant recognition “in the wild”.

Conclusions

The results suggest that recognition of segmented leaves is practically a solved problem, when high volumes of training data are available. The generality and higher capacity of state-of-the-art CNNs makes them suitable for plant recognition “in the wild” where the views on plant organs or plants vary significantly and the difficulty is increased by occlusions and background clutter.

     

铝毒对植物生物效应的研究进展

综述近年来植物铝毒的研究进展.从植物体对铝的吸收、分布、生长发育和生理指标等方面阐述铝对植物的影响,为今后研究植物抗铝毒机制提供依据.     

Two potent allelopathic substances in cucumber plants

Since cucumber plants are mostly discarded as large waste after crop harvesting, allelopathy of cucumber plants was investigated for possible weed management options and utilization of the waste. Two potent growth inhibitory substances were isolated from an aqueous methanol extract of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Phung Tuong) plants. These substances were determined as 9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one (HMO) and (6S,7E,9S)-6,9,10-trihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (THMO) by the analysis of MS, ¹H NMR spectra and optical rotation. HMO inhibited the growth of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv seedlings at concentrations greater than 0.3 and 1 μM, respectively. THMO inhibited the growth of cress and E. crus-galli seedlings at concentrations greater than 1 and 3 μM, respectively. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition on roots and shoots of cress and E. crus-galli were 2.4–29.3 μM for HMO and 8.1–52.2 μM for THMO. The endogenous levels of HMO and THMO in cucumber plants were 31.8 and 43.5 μg g⁻¹ dry weight, respectively. These results suggest that HMO and THMO may be the causal factors for the growth inhibitory effect of cucumber plants. Therefore, cucumber plants may be potentially useful for weed management options in an agricultural setting, such as a cover crop and soil admixture, which should be investigated further in the field.     

Calcium increases sodium exclusion in olive plants

‘Picual’ olive cuttings were grown in a greenhouse under saline conditions in 2 L plastic pots containing perlite. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution plus 75 mM NaCl and 0, 2.5, 10 or 40 mM CaCl₂. Vegetative growth, leaf and root Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations were measured. Na⁺ toxicity symptoms were observed in plants non-treated with Ca²⁺. Shoot length was higher in Ca²⁺ treated plants, although shoot growth was reduced at 40 mM CaCl₂, probably due to the high total ion concentration reached in the external solution. Ca²⁺ supply linearly increased leaf and root Ca²⁺ concentration and decreased leaf Na⁺ concentration. However, there were no differences in root Na⁺ concentration. Results indicate Ca²⁺ may take part in the Na⁺ exclusion mechanism, mainly preventing Na⁺ transport to the shoot, that may be an important ability for survival under saline conditions.     

兴安落叶松的采种与良种选育方法

结合实践,对兴安落叶松的采种与良种选育方法进行介绍。