掘根机的改进

行植杨树“小老树”经全面或带状采伐后,对其伐根的处理是更新造林前的第一道整地作业。因人工采伐后残留的根系过多,使用五铧犁耕地时对犁体的破坏过大,虽然使用安全犁可解决这一问题,但也容易使挖坑机挖坑和植树机栽植时受阻。同时,过浅的人工采伐,易萌发新芽而使机具中耕除草难于进行。因此,采用可深挖、多挖的机械去除伐根,是更新造林前整地时需重点解决的问题。1掘根机的工作原理我实验局是从辽宁林业机械公司购置的掘根样机,它采用三点式悬挂在东方红-75拖拉机的后部,工作原理见图1。其是在拖拉机牵引力的作用下,“U”型刀将拖拉机两…     

2CJ-50型掘根机的研制

1前言科尔沁沙地的治理工程，是三北防护林建设的重点之一，已取得可喜的进展，林地面积逐年增加。为充分利用土地，每年都有相当面积的速生林、小老树、过熟林采伐更新。采伐迹地的伐根清除后，才能使迹地重新利用。以往清除伐根是靠人力，投入大，效率低，影响土地的利用率。为使伐根得到及时清除，研制了ZCJ－SO型掘根机。2总体设计2．l作业原理伐根的清除基林业工作的一项重要作业。国内外已有的掘根机种类很多，如捆绑式、切割式、旋切套出式和削片粉碎式等等。这些掘根机，都需有大功率拖拉机作配套动力。在科尔沁沙地，能为其配套…     

2G—200型悬挂式割灌机的研制

２Ｇ—２００型悬挂式割灌机的研制刘勤，黄晓山，刘易善，刘玉敏，李东玫（黑龙江省木材采运研究所）目前我国割灌木机具只有便携式割灌机，该机占用劳力多、劳动强度大。振动大、对操作者身心健康不利、相对作业效率低。为适应营造短周期工业用材林以及人工速生丰产林发...     

MQ—1.2型留床苗木切根机的研制

随着林业造林面积的迅速增长,对苗木的需求量在不断增加。在育苗过程中,为了提高苗木的质量,对有些树种的苗木需要进行换床。换床作业很费工,而换床作业的机械化,难度又很大。用切根来代替换床,是较为简便的方法,而且切根作业较易实现机械化。但是,切根作业必须要满足林业的技术要求。     

悬挂式单轨整车布线设计分析

对悬挂式单轨的特点和整车构成进行了详细介绍,系统阐述整车布线参照的标准,从转向架布线、跨接布线、车顶布线、司机室布线、客室布线5个部分进行了设计分析,并给出了详细的设计方案,顺利完成了样车的试制工作,有利于整车线束成束标准化、模块化生产,为后续悬挂式单轨其他车型的开发以及优化提供了参考.     

MQ-1.1型往复式苗木切根机的研制

介绍了MQ-1．1型往复式苗木切根机的工作原理、机构设计和主要技=术规格及参数的确定，并对其使用情况加以分析。以切根方式代替人工换床，在提高生产率和降低生产成本方面效果明显。     

耕翻防火线悬挂式铧式犁的设计

介绍了一种专门用于耕翻防火线的悬挂式铧式犁的设计，其总体结构与农用犁有本质的区别。通过犁体曲面的优化设计，使犁体的翻垡性能有显著提高，能充分满足林区耕翻防火线的要求。     

基于磁流变液阻尼器的半主动悬挂式座椅性能的评价

对安装磁流变液阻尼器的悬挂式座椅的挡板冲击和减震性能进行评价,并与安装传统阻尼器的同样悬挂式座椅的性能进行对比。在振动实验台上通过分别给座椅阻尼器施加临近主频的瞬态激励、连续随机激励EM1以及放大150%的EM1激励进行性能测试。     

Preliminary trials of the BioBaler working in Brazilian eucalypt plantations

The increasing demand for renewable energy feedstock has raised interest in growing eucalypts for fuel wood production, which is achieved by establishing very dense plantations cut every 18–24 months. The high moisture content of fresh Eucalyptus may handicap cut-and-chip operations, and offers a unique opportunity for supply chains based on baling. Therefore, the Canadian-made BioBaler was tested in Brazil on a eucalypt energy plantation, as well as on the resprouts generated by a conventional pulpwood plantation after severe frost damage. The BioBaler coped well with both crops, achieving high productivity levels: 7.1 and 3.3 t h^?1 in the energy plantation and the failed crop treatments, respectively. Harvesting cost was estimated at €13 t^?1 and €26 t^?1 for the energy plantation and the failed crop, respectively. Productivity and harvesting cost were comparable with those reported in previous studies conducted in other countries on similar crops. Productivity was directly proportional to field stocking. Future studies should test the machine on a wider range of work conditions and include bale extraction, storage, processing and transportation, in order to estimate an overall supply chain cost and allow direct comparison with alternative options.     

森林碳汇产品的生产成本分析——以云南省鹤庆县退耕还林工程为例

营林生产成本的高低直接影响林业生产的经济效益和农户参与森林碳汇贸易的积极程度,也直接影响森林碳汇交易市场能否健康、有序、稳定、迅速的发展。为谋求降低营林生产成本的有效方法,增加农户收益,激励大量农户积极参与森林碳汇交易,对云南省鹤庆县16个行政村进行了为期20天的实地调研,分析了该县营林生产成本普遍较高的主要原因,提出了降低该县营林生产成本的途径。     

浅谈房地产开发成本控制

从战略的高度对企业的成本行为及成本结构进行了分析,并为企业管理决策服务,帮助企业形成竞争优势.从而达到减少房地产开发成本的目的.     

Aboveground biomass and net primary production of semi-evergreen tropical forest of Manipur, north-eastern India

The aboveground biomass dynamics and net primary productivity were investigated to assess the productive potential of Dipterocarpus forest in Manipur, Northeast India. Two forest stands (stand I and II) were earmarked randomly in the study site for the evaluation of biomass in the different girth classes of tree species by harvest method. The total biomass was 22.50 t·ha-1 and 18.27 t·ha-1 in forest stand I and II respectively. Annual aboveground net primary production varied from 8.86 to 10.43 t·ha-1 respectively in two forest stands (stand I and II). In the present study, the values of production efficiency and the biomass accumulation ratio indicate that the forest is at succession stage with high productive potential.     

肇源松花江大桥施工监控中挂篮研究

挂篮是大跨径预应力混凝土刚构桥、连续梁桥悬浇施工的主要设备。以肇源松花江大桥为例，介绍了菱型挂篮构造和菱型挂篮的作业机理，并通过试验研究菱型挂篮在悬臂施工中应用和变形，研究结果对施工监控具有重要的意义。     

An application of data envelopment analysis to investigate the efficiency of lumber industry in northwestern Ontario, Canada

This study aims at exploring the technical efficiency of lumber industry in northwestern Ontario,Canada using data envelopment analysis(DEA).The DEA model analyzes relative technical efficiency of lumber mills with disproportionate inputs and outputs by dividing the 10year time series data,for inputs and outputs of 24 lumber mills,over two periods(1999-2003 and 2004-2008).Four inputs,namely,material(log volume),labour(man-hours),two types of energy(hog-fuel and electricity),and one output(lumber volume) are used in this study.The trend analysis shows an annual reduction of 10%,13% and 13% for lumber output,log consumption(input) and number of employees,respectively,during the period 1999-2008.The results from DEA with two scenarios with energy inputs and without energy inputs,for the two periods are found to be mixed and interesting.While some mills have improved their performance in terms of best use of available scarce inputs in the second period,some have shown negative per cent change in efficiency.In the with energy input and the without energy input scenario,some of the mills show a reduction in efficiency in the second period from the first period,with the highest estimated reductions of-13.9% and-47.6%,respectively.A possible explanation for these negative performances of mills in the latter period is the decline in production in the second period compared to the first period,where these mills were not able to adjust their inputs(mostly labour) as proportional lay-offs might not have been possible.These results provide policy makers and industry stakeholders with an improved understanding of the trends of efficiency and employment as well as reallocation opportunities of future inputs in order to increase benefits from this sector.     

软枣猕猴桃组培工厂化生产育苗成本核算

根据软枣组培苗生产实践的资料数据,以年生产 100 万株软枣组培成品苗的规模进行其生产成本核算和分析,结果表明：软枣猕猴桃组培育苗整个生产成本包含材料费、水电费、人工劳务费、基建折旧、设备折旧5个部分,单株成本为1.635元。从整个成本结构中分析,劳务、基建、材料三项占主要部分,其中劳务费占总成本的 31.07%,基建折旧费占比29.66%,二者占据了总成本的60.73%的占比。通过成本核算分析,为降低软枣猕猴桃组培规模化育苗中的生产费用提供依据,并将为研究猕猴桃其他品种组培育苗成本提供借鉴,最大限度的促进研究与生产的结合。     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗成本及生产效益分析——以韶关小坑林场2015年育苗生产为例

通过在韶关国营小坑林场良种基地应用油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗技术培育苗木,分析其成本效益,为广东地区油茶良种苗木繁育技术推广提供参考,也为广大育苗经营户提供生产、投资的依据。     

我国家具业发展的新特点

近十年来，中国家具业经历了以量的扩张为主的第一个高速发展期，在国内经济高速发展、人民生活水平稳步提高和国际市场需求旺盛、国际家具产业转移的背景下，未来5～10年将迎来以质的提高为主的第二个高速发展期。在中国家具生产和市场分析基础上，优化产业结构，降低消耗，在提高效益的基础上保持较快的适度增长，将是今后中国家具业发展的特点。     

2005年度我国纤维板生产发展状况

2005年度我国纤维板生产能力增长速度减缓,预计到2006年底,年生产能力将接近2 440万m3.提出我国纤维板生产进一步发展应重视并妥善解决的问题.