湖羊和美利奴羊发情期外周血浆中促性腺激素脉冲分泌的差异

<正> 众所周知,绵羊垂体促性腺激素是促进卵泡生长发育及排卵的重要生殖激素。绵羊多胎的内分泌机理研究,在很大程度上是从垂体水平进行的。Cahill等(1981)测定了多胎的D'man羊和单胎的Timahd-ite羊,二者在情期中FSH浓度差异显著,且在排卵后出现特有的FSH第2高峰;Baird等(1981)报道,已查清卵泡期绵羊的卵泡成熟和排卵依赖于基础LH水平的上升和LH脉冲频率的增加。 本实验以我国特有的多胎品种湖羊为试验对象,并以单胎的美利奴羊作为对照,试图通过研究其情期促性腺激素(GTH)的变化规律,来揭示湖羊多胎     

中国美利奴羊（新疆型）多胎类型的特点及其利用前景

中国美利奴羊（新疆型）多胎类型的特点及其利用前景赵文生张亚君（新疆巩乃斯种羊场新源县８３５８０８）中国美利奴羊（新疆型）多胎类型是将湖羊多胎性引入到细毛羊中培育出来的，具有增重快、肉用性能好、经济效益高的明显优势。它的培育成功是我国细毛羊育种工作的一...     

如何提高肉用羊的繁殖力

肉用羊繁殖当中影响繁殖力的因素很多,有些是单一因素,有些是综合因素,因此饲养者只有正确分析这些因素,采取科学的技术措施,才能获得理想的经济效益。1加强选育和选配这是提高母羊繁殖力的重要途径之一。1.1选择产羔多的优良个体羊做种用试验表明,羊的产羔率具有稳定的遗传性,多胎的公母羊其后代也多。因此,选择具有较高产羔率的公羊与多胎母羊交配比仅选择多胎母羊在遗传上更有效。1.2引进多胎品种羊引进多胎品种羊,用多胎品种与地方品种羊杂交,是提高肉羊繁殖力的最快、最简便和最有效的方法。如山羊可选择波尔山羊、小尾寒羊、湖羊等品…     

湖羊和美利奴羊对外源性促性腺激素释放激素敏感性的差异

[前言] Robertson等(1984)测定了多胎的Booroola美利奴羊和单胎的美利奴羊外周血浆中促性腺激素(FSH、LH)的浓度,二者间的差异显著,并推测这可能是Booroola美利奴羊的垂体前叶对下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)更为敏感所致,McNatty(1987)的工作支持了Robertson的推断,表明携带F基因的Booroola美利奴羊和不带F基因的单胎美利奴羊对外源GnRH反应的敏感性存在显著的差异,并认为这是Booroola美利奴羊多胎的机理之一。本试验的目的为比较多胎的湖羊和单胎的美利奴羊对外源GnRH反应的敏感性差异,试图探测其与多胎的关系。     

FecB基因在5个中国地方绵羊品种中的多态性及其与产羔数的关联分析

为解析中国地方绵羊品种产羔数差异形成的遗传学机制,以5个不同繁殖力的中国地方绵羊品种(湖羊、藏羊、蒙古羊、阿勒泰羊和多浪羊)为研究对象,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测FecB基因的多态性,比较不同繁殖力群体间FecB的分布情况,并与其产羔数进行关联分析。结果显示:湖羊群体中存在BB、B+、++三种基因型,藏羊、蒙古羊及阿勒泰羊群体中仅存在B+和++两种基因型,多浪羊群体中仅存在++基因型。湖羊、藏羊、蒙古羊、阿勒泰羊及多浪羊群体中BB、B+及++基因型频率依次是0.69、0.28、0.03,0.00、0.13、0.88,0.00、0.08、0.92,0.00、0.08、0.92和0.00、0.00、1.00;B等位基因频率由高到低依次为湖羊>藏羊>蒙古羊=阿勒泰羊>多浪羊。湖羊、藏羊、蒙古羊和阿勒泰羊中该位点He和PIC分别为0.29、0.25,0.12、0.11,0.08、0.07和0.08、0.07,且在以上4个品种中BB和B+基因型个体产羔数比++基因型个体高(P<0.01),BB基因型个体和B+基因型个体之间无差异(P>0.05)。由此可推断,FecB或许是决定绵羊产羔数的主效基因,亦或是与其存在密切相关的标记基因,可助力绵羊产羔数性状MAS技术和为多胎绵羊新品种(系)培育提供素材。     

湖羊选育羊与普通湖羊的生长性能的比较

试验旨在研究湖州市南浔区选育的选育湖羊与普通湖羊在体重,体长,体高,胸围,管围以及睾丸周长等生长性状是否有提升。选取二月龄、四月龄、六月龄的的选育湖羊与普通湖羊按照公母进行分组,每组各10只,用excel记录体高、体长、管围、胸围、睾丸周长(公羊)指标,再用SPSS 17软件进行方差分析,结果表明,不同月龄的选育湖羊公羊与普通湖羊公羊相比,体重、胸围、管围差异显著(P0.05)。体长、体高、睾丸周长差异不显著(P0.05),二至六月龄的选育湖羊母羊与普通湖羊母羊相比,体重、胸围、管围、体高、体长差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明选育湖羊生长性状有显著提升效果,母羊较公羊提升较大。     

江苏吴县东山湖羊保护区湖羊种质特性及提高措施

前言湖羊分布在江苏、浙江、上海、太湖周边地区的县、市。以性成熟早、四季发情、多胎多产及生产发育快等著称,是我国珍贵的羔皮绵羊品种。江苏吴县东山镇是１９８３年由江苏省畜牧局和吴县政府确定的湖羊资源保护区,该区是太湖上的一个半岛,气候温和温润,雨量充沛,...     

多胎湖羊的养殖技术

湖羊是我国特有的著名多羔绵羊品种,对多胎湖羊的养殖一直是畜牧养殖的重要项目。对多胎湖羊的养殖技术进行了简单介绍。     

中国绵羊多胎性研究与利用现状

绵羊属单胎哺乳类动物,但某些绵羊品种具有稳定的多胎性能,如中国的湖羊、小尾寒羊等品种,国外的布鲁拉美利奴羊(Boooroola Merino,BM)、芬兰兰德瑞斯羊、罗曼诺夫羊等品种。为了探究多胎性机理,国内外作了广泛和深入的研究,取得了显著成绩。在BM羊已成功地发现多胎主基因FecB,并被定位在6号染色体上。本文主要从生理学、内分泌以及遗传学方面对中国绵羊多胎性研究和利用现状进行综述,在此基础上,提出了对绵羊多胎性研究和利用的建议。     

湖羊BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因的RFLP分析

以BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9基因作为湖羊多胎性状候选基因,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测了53只湖羊上述候选基因的单核苷酸多态性。结果表明:湖羊BMPR-IB基因的FecB位点只存在BB和+B两种基因型,二者的基因型频率分别为0.981 1和0.018 9;B等位基因为绝对优势等位基因,基因频率为0.990 6。未检测到BMP15基因的B4(FecXB)突变和GDF9基因的G8(FecGH)突变。因此,推测BMPR-IB基因的FecB位点是湖羊多胎性的主效基因,而BMP15基因和GDF9基因与湖羊群产羔数关系不大。研究结果同时反映了所测湖羊群体是一个高度纯化的宝贵绵羊品种资源。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …