不同培养时间对家猫卵母细胞核成熟的影响

为了研究不同培养时间对家猫卵母细胞核成熟的影响,以M 199为基础培养液,并添加FSH、LH,分别培养24、28、32、36和43 h后,观察第一极体排出,然后用地衣红染色,将排出第一极体和染色体处于MⅡ期作为卵母细胞成熟的参考判断标志。结果表明,家猫卵母细胞随着培养时间的延长其成熟率也随之增加。成熟培养43 h,极体排出率极显著高于其他各组（P<0.01）,达到66.89%;而24 h组极体排出率为31.51%,极显著低于其他各组（P<0.01）;28、32、36 h各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。经地衣红染色后,到达MⅡ期的卵母细胞比例与极体排出率趋势相同。43 h组退化率极显著高于其他各组（P<0.01）,达到22.30%。因此,综合考虑成熟率和退化率两项指标,28～36 h为家猫卵母细胞体外核成熟的最佳培养时间。     

Ultrastructural Morphology and Nuclear Maturation Rates of Immature Equine Oocytes Vitrified with Different Solutions and Exposure Times

Ultrastructural morphological injuries and maturation rates were investigated in equine oocytes exposed to vitrification solutions (VS) containing synthetic ice blockers (SIBs) during different exposure times. In experiment 1, compact cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs; n = 30) were randomly allocated to treatments: (1) fresh fixed (control); (2) VS-1 (1.4 M dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] + 1.8 M ethylene glycol [EG] + 1% SIB) for 3 minutes of equilibrium time and VS-2 (2.8 M DMSO + 3.6 M EG + 0.6 M sucrose + 1% SIB) for 1 minute (Eq-long); and (3) VS-1 for 1.5 minutes and VS-2 for 30 seconds (Eq-short). In experiment 2, compact (n = 248) and expanded (n = 264) COCs were evenly distributed to the following treatments: (1) immediate maturation in vitro (control); (2) vitrification using the Eq-short protocol as in experiment 1; and (3) vitrification using a stock solution containing 2.8 M formamide, 2.8 M DMSO, 2.7 M EG, 7% polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 1% SIB (Eq-short-mod). More (P < .02) oocytes with normal ultrastructural morphology were seen in fresh control and Eq-short groups than in Eq-long group. Metaphase-II (MII) rates were higher (P < .05) for oocytes with expanded cumulus than compact cumulus in the control group, and higher (P < .05) for oocytes with expanded cumulus than compact cumulus in Eq-short and Eq-short-mod groups. No difference in MII rates was detected among groups within each type of COC. In conclusion, reduction of exposure time to VS better preserved oocyte ultrastructural features, and MII rates were higher for vitrified oocytes with expanded cumulus. This study advances our knowledge on potential alternatives for vitrification of immature equine oocytes.     

不同冷冻方法对牛卵泡卵母细胞发育潜力的影响

本试验探讨了不同方法冷冻保存的牛卵泡卵母细胞体外受精后的发育潜力。尽管用不同方法冷冻的牛卵母细胞大多（79．1％）形态正常，但体外受精后的受精率（13．2％）和卵裂率（8．8％）均明显低于对照组（66．7％和46．0％），卵裂后继续发育的能力严重受损。在3种方法中，玻璃化冷冻效果最好，受精率分别达到15．0％和11．1％，是值得进一步研究的一种方法。     

不同因素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟培养的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同外源激素组合的添加、胰岛素—转铁蛋白—亚硒酸钠(ITS)的添加、不同培养皿、石蜡油的添加对卵母细胞体外成熟培养(IVM)的影响。结果显示:①孕马血清促性腺激素+人绒毛膜促性腺激素+促卵泡素(PMSG+HCG+FSH)组高于促卵泡素+促黄体素(FSH+LH)组和尿促性腺激素(hMG)组,相互之间差异显著(80.1%、68.3%、53.3%,P<0.05);②添加1% ITS到猪卵母细胞培养液中对卵母细胞成熟率无显著提高(P>0.05),但显著提高了孤雌激活后孤雌胚胎的卵裂率和囊胚率(63.3%、55.1%,18.7%、12.1%,P<0.05);③凹槽皿组猪卵母细胞成熟率显著高于四孔板和30 mm塑料皿组(73.3%、68.0%、68.3%,P<0.05);④石蜡油的添加对卵丘细胞扩展和卵母细胞体外成熟率均有显著提高(84.8%、69.9%,P<0.05)。结果表明培养液中添加PMSG+HCG+FSH和ITS及选用凹槽皿、成熟培养液上覆石蜡油可提高猪卵母细胞IVM效果。     

Comparison of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol for the Vitrification of Immature Porcine Oocytes

Our aim was to optimize a cryoprotectant treatment for vitrification of immature porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Immature COCs were vitrified either in 35% ethylene glycol (EG), 35% propylene glycol (PG) or a combination of 17.5% EG and 17.5% PG. After warming, the COCs were in vitro matured (IVM), and surviving oocytes were in vitro fertilized (IVF) and cultured. The mean survival rate of vitrified oocytes in 35% PG (73.9%) was higher (P<0.05) than that in 35% EG (27.8%). Oocyte maturation rates did not differ among vitrified and non-vitrified control groups. Blastocyst formation in the vitrified EG group (10.8%) was higher (P<0.05) than that in the vitrified PG group (2.0%) but was lower than that in the control group (25.0%). Treatment of oocytes with 35% of each cryoprotectant without vitrification revealed a higher toxicity of PG on subsequent blastocyst development compared with EG. The combination of EG and PG resulted in 42.6% survival after vitrification. The maturation and fertilization rates of the surviving oocytes were similar in the vitrified, control and toxicity control (TC; treated with EG+PG combination without cooling) groups. Blastocyst development in the vitrified group was lower (P<0.05) than that in the control and TC groups, which in turn had similar development rates (10.7%, 18.1% and 23.3%, respectively). In conclusion, 35% PG enabled a higher oocyte survival rate after vitrification compared with 35% EG. However, PG was greatly toxic to oocytes. The combination of 17.5% EG and 17.5% PG yielded reasonable survival rates without toxic effects on embryo development.     

Effect of Porcine and Ovine FSH on Nuclear Maturation of Pig Oocytes In Vitro

The effect of porcine or ovine FSH on the maturation rate of porcine oocytes and on the time course of meiotic progression was studied. Groups of 20 grade‐A cumulus oocyte complexes, aspirated from slaughterhouse cycling‐gilt ovaries, were cultured in vitro in 400 μl of Modified Parker's Medium supplemented with oestrous cow serum and porcine FSH (Folltropin®‐V, 0.50 mg/ml) or ovine FSH (Ovagen^TM, 0.44 iu/ml), in four‐well dishes under mineral oil, at 38.5°C, 5% CO₂ in humidified air. At the end of each 3‐h interval, from 3 to 42 h of culture, the nuclear status of oocytes was assessed microscopically (1000×), after fixation (methanol/acetic acid: 3/1) and orcein (2%) staining. Oocytes were classified as (i) immature (IMM), i.e. oocytes at germinal vesicle stage, germinal vesicle break down and prophase I, (ii) metaphase I (MI) and (iii) metaphase II (MII), i.e. oocytes at anaphase I, telophase I and metaphase II. Data were analysed using regression analysis, chi‐square and t‐test. Nuclear status was assessed in 1610 oocytes (porcine FSH: 787, ovine FSH: 823). Most of the oocytes were at MI from 24 to 33 h (porcine FSH 60.27%, ovine FSH 42.80%, p < 0.001) and at MII from 36 to 42 h (porcine FSH 80.38%, ovine FSH 67.45%, p < 0.01) of culture. Significantly higher maturation rate was observed in porcine FSH than in ovine FSH treated oocytes (86.69 ± 12.97%, 71.34 ± 9.86%, mean ± SD, p < 0.05), after 42 h of culture. In conclusion, under the specific culture conditions, porcine FSH seems to support pig oocyte maturation better than ovine FSH.     

不同成熟时间的猪卵母细胞对体外受精的影响及孤雌发育

采用NCSU-37为体外成熟、受精、培养体系,比较不同成熟时间46h、58h和70h的猪卵母细胞对体外受精的影响和孤雌发育。结果显示,猪卵母细胞在体外成熟培养46h、58h和70h后,46h培养组的卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率明显低于58h和70h培养组(P<0.05),但囊胚发育率明显高于其他两组(P<0.05)。46h组的孤雌发育率明显高于其他两组(P<0.05),囊胚发育率三组之间无显著差异。表明猪卵母细胞体外成熟培养时间延长,体外受精后的囊胚发育率降低,孤雌发育率相应增加。     

FSH 、LH对猪卵母细胞核成熟及体外成熟时间对去核效率的影响

克隆动物(核移植)的原理就是将卵裂球或体细胞核移人去核的卵母细胞或受精卵中,采用各种激活方法使之激活,发生卵裂,移植受体后产生个体。猪的体细胞克隆效率与其他动物(牛、羊)相比较低,需     

Effect of the Removal of Cumulus Cells on the Nuclear Maturation, Fertilization and Development of Porcine Oocytes

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of attachment of cumulus cells to porcine oocytes during the process of maturation and fertilization on the nuclear maturation, fertilization and subsequent development after in vitro fertilization (IVF). In the first experiment, the cumulus cells were removed from cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) at 0, 24 and 42 h after the onset of maturation culture and were then cultured until reaching 42 h of cultivation. In the second experiment, COCs were denuded as described in the first experiment, then fertilized and cultured for 7 days. As a control, cumulus cells were allowed to maintain attachment to the oocytes until the end of IVF. The proportion of oocytes reaching metaphase II significantly increased with the delay in the removal treatment of cumulus cells. The proportion of normal fertilization gradually increased with delay in the removal treatment of cumulus cells from COCs until the end of IVF. However, no significant difference in the proportion of normal fertilization was found between the 42-h and control groups. The removal treatment of cumulus cells in the 0- and 24-h group significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the proportion of cleaved embryos when compared with the control, and none of them developed to the blastocyst stage. The proportion of development to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control group than in the 42-h group (18.1% vs 12.4%; p < 0.05). The present study indicates that the attachment of cumulus cells to the oocyte during maturation and fertilization is important to support oocyte nuclear maturation, fertilization and subsequent embryo development. Particularly, the attachment of cumulus cells to the oocyte during IVF promotes embryonic development.     

不同浓度CO2对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和受精的影响

对牛卵巢卵泡内卵母细胞在不同浓度的CO2培养箱内体外成熟、体外受精后的卵裂率及胚胎体外发育进行了研究。结果显示,含5%小牛血清(CS)的TCM-199内的卵母细胞在2%CO2条件下培养20h后,达到第二次减数分裂期(MⅡ期)的卵子数明显高于在5%CO2条件下培养的卵母细胞数(P<0.05)。两种浓度的CO2条件下培养的牛卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率无明显差异,2%CO2浓度下培养的卵母细胞的囊胚发育率高于5%CO2浓度下培养的卵母细胞。     

亮甲酚蓝染色对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

为了探讨不同浓度亮甲酚蓝对牛卵母细胞染色选择后对其体外成熟（IVM）的影响,本研究在牛卵母细胞成熟培养前直接用不同浓度梯度的亮甲酚蓝进行不同时间的染色。结果表明：①经过不同浓度的亮甲酚蓝染色后,所选择卵母细胞染色后着色的百分率及其成熟率是不同的。用26、39、52 μmol/L的亮甲酚蓝染色后所得到的胞质蓝色组（27.7%、27.6%、31.9%）较13 μmol/L的亮甲酚蓝染色后所得到的胞质蓝色组（2.1%）差异显著（P＜0.05）;②经过不同浓度的亮甲酚蓝染色后,胞质蓝色组（77.4%）较胞质无色组（51.3%）和对照组（60.2%）成熟率差异显著（P＜0.05）;③不同浓度亮甲酚蓝染色的胞质蓝色组间成熟率差异不显著（P＞0.05）;④不同浓度亮甲酚蓝染色组与对照组卵母细胞的成熟率差异不显著（P＞0.05）;⑤经过不同时间的亮甲酚蓝染色后,所选择卵母细胞着色的百分率是不同的。用26 μmol/L的亮甲酚蓝染色90 min后所得到的胞质蓝色组（75%）较亮甲酚蓝染色60、30 min后所得到的胞质蓝色组（57.14%,40%）差异显著（P＜0.05）。以亮甲酚蓝染色为基础的牛卵丘卵母细胞复合体的区分可以用来有效的选择更具发育活力的牛卵母细胞。     

胰岛素对犬卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

研究不同浓度胰岛素及不同培养时间对犬卵母细胞体外成熟率的影响,为改善犬卵母细胞体外培养体系提供参考,采用切割法收集卵巢表面卵丘—卵母细胞复合体(cumulus oocyte complexes, COCs),在含有0.6%葡萄糖的TCM199中添加不同浓度的胰岛素（0、3、6、9 IU/mL）,38.5 ℃、5% CO₂培养箱内成熟培养,观察卵丘扩散程度,剥离卵丘细胞获得裸卵后,室温下固定15 min;Hoechst 33342染色,压片,荧光显微镜下观察核形态,用SPSS 14.0软件统计试验数据。不同浓度胰岛素培养48 h后,各组卵丘细胞扩散效果都不明显;卵母细胞核成熟期没有达到减数分裂中期（MⅡ）,但是6 IU/mL胰岛素组生发泡破裂期（GVBD）比率（35.88%±14.63%）显著高于对照组（11.25%±9.75%）;6 IU/mL胰岛素组延长培养时间至72和96 h后,MⅠ-MⅡ期卵母细胞成熟率分别为13.33%±1.5%、20.8%±1.9%。以上结果表明,犬体外成熟培养基中添加胰岛素既没有提高犬卵母细胞核成熟到MⅡ期,也没有改善犬卵母细胞卵丘扩散效果。但是,在6 IU/mL浓度下延长培养时间,相对增加了成熟率。     

Effect of BCB Staining on in vitro Maturation and Development of Nuclear Transfer Embryo of Pig Oocyte

This experiment aimed to study the effect of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) on in vitro maturation of pig oocytes and the developmental capacity of pig SCNT embryos.The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were stained with different concentrations of BCB (13,26,39 and 52 μmol/L) for 90 min,and then we divided the COCs into BCB⁺ and BCB^- for in vitro culture 42 to 44 h.The results showed that,with the concentration of BCB increased,the staining rate (20.00%,46.39%,51.66% and 59.03%) raised gradually while the maturation rate of oocytes (74.03%,72.16%,70.53% and 48.61%) reduced,the percentages of oocytes staining by 26 μmol/L BCB for 90 min were higher than that of other groups in staining rate and maturation rate.However,the nuclear maturation rate of BCB⁺ groups were higher than that of BCB^- group.Therefore,26 μmol/L BCB was selected as the most effective concentration dying the oocytes (BCB⁺),which were used as parthenogenetic activation and nuclear transfer embryos.The cleavage and blastocyst rates of parthenogenetic activation and SCNT embryos in BCB⁺ group were significantly higher than that of BCB^- group (P<0.05),but there were no significant differences between the cleavage and blastocyst rates in the groups of BCB⁺ and control (P>0.05).Reconstructed embryos derived from the COCs stained with BCB were transferred to five surrogates,and six cloned piglets were obtained from one of the two pregnant pigs.These results showed that COCs stained with BCB was an effective method to select high-quality oocytes,which could improve the efficiency of in vitro embryo production.     

亮甲酚蓝对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及核移植胚胎发育能力的影响

试验旨在研究亮甲酚蓝(brilliant cresyl blue,BCB)染色对卵母细胞体外成熟及后期胚胎发育潜力的影响。本研究利用13、26、39 、52 μmol/L BCB对成熟培养前的卵丘－卵母细胞复合体(cumulus-oocyte-complexes,COCs)染色90 min,比较各组卵母细胞的着色率、成熟率及孤雌激活胚胎和核移植胚胎的发育情况。结果表明,随着BCB浓度的增加,COCs着色率依次增加(20.00%、46.39%、51.66%和59.03%),但猪卵母细胞体外成熟率逐渐降低(74.03%、72.16%、70.53%和48.61%);不同浓度BCB染色后所得BCB⁺组卵的成熟率均明显高于BCB^-组。试验结果发现,BCB浓度在26 μmol/L时,经染色的COCs既有较高的着色率,且不影响其体外成熟的效率。基于此,研究选取26 μmol/L BCB作为最佳浓度对猪卵母细胞进行染色筛选,然后进行体外培养、孤雌激活及核移植试验。结果显示,筛选的BCB⁺组卵母细胞的孤雌胚和核移植胚的卵裂率和囊胚率均显著高于BCB^-组(P<0.05),而与对照组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。胚胎移植试验挑选BCB⁺组中发育较好的1-2细胞期重组胚对5头代孕母猪进行了移植,其中2头怀孕,1头顺利产下了6头健康胎儿。综合以上试验结果表明,利用BCB染色可作为一种有效的方法筛选体外成熟质量较高的猪卵母细胞,同时提高胚胎体外生产效率。     

促黄体素对牛卵母细胞体外核成熟的影响

为了研究促黄体素(luteinizing hormone,LH)在牛卵母细胞成熟培养体系中的时间依从性,试验通过向牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养的不同时间段添加LH来观察其核成熟的情况。首先用无LH的基础成熟液I和添加LH的成熟液Ⅱ分别培养,在成熟的不同时间点(3、6、9h)用醋酸地衣红染色观察各自的生发泡破裂率。然后在体外成熟培养的不同时间段(0～3、0～6、0～9、0～24h)添加LH,24h后统计各自的第一极体率。结果表明,添加LH组在6h的生发泡破裂率显著低于对照1组(P0.05),24h添加LH组的第一极体率显著高于对照2组(P0.05)。因此,添加LH能延迟牛卵母细胞的核成熟,成熟培养中24h全程添加LH较不添加组能显著提高核成熟率。     

亮甲酚蓝染色对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和凋亡的影响

为了探讨亮甲酚蓝(brilliant cresyl blue,BCB)对牛未成熟卵母细胞染色选择后对其体外成熟(IVM)和凋亡的影响,本研究在牛卵母细胞成熟培养前用26 μmol/L BCB染色90 min作为处理组,以未染色卵母细胞作为对照组;将处理组依照胞质的颜色分为蓝色组(BCB⁺)和无色组(BCB^-),成熟培养后检测卵子的发育能力。结果表明:①经BCB染色卵母细胞在成熟后,BCB⁺组卵母细胞成熟率(80.92%)较对照组(60.00%)和BCB^-组(51.61%)差异显著(P<0.05);②BCB⁺组的凋亡率(6.50%)较对照组(28.21%)、BCB^-组(39.06%)差异显著(P <0.05),随着卵母细胞发育潜能的升高其凋亡率逐渐降低。由此可见,以亮甲酚蓝染色为基础的牛卵丘-卵母细胞复合体的区分可以用来有效的选择更具发育活力的牛卵母细胞。     

不同因素对牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养效果的影响

文章主要从采集方法、性周期阶段以及培养液中FBS浓度3个方面对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响进行了分析。结果表明：①不同采卵方法的采卵效果存在差异,但成熟培养和体外受精情况差异不显著（P〉0．05）;②从卵泡期和黄体期卵巢采集到的卵母细胞的体外成熟率和卵裂率分别,为59.7%,56．6％和39．5％、36．6％,没有显著差异（P〉0．05）;③培养液中添加20％FBS组的卵母细胞成熟率和卵裂率显著高于10%FBS和30%FBS组（P〈0．05）.     

表儿茶素对小鼠卵母细胞mtDNA拷贝数和胚胎体外发育能力的影响

本研究旨在探究表儿茶素(epicatechin,EC)对小鼠体外成熟培养卵母细胞线粒体DNA(mtDNA)拷贝数及其随后孤雌激活胚胎发育能力的影响。小鼠卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COCs)在添加不同浓度EC(0、5、10、15、20μmol/L)的成熟液中体外成熟培养16h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测卵母细胞mtDNA拷贝数;同时,通过对卵母细胞进行孤雌激活处理,探讨其后续胚胎的体外发育能力。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,添加EC各处理组的卵母细胞mtDNA拷贝数均有所增加,其中,10、15μmol/L组的mtDNA拷贝数均显著高于0μmol/L对照组(P0.05);但10μmol/L组mtDNA拷贝数更接近自然排卵周期合子的mtDNA含量(P0.05)。体外培养观察结果发现,成熟液中添加10μmol/L EC能提高卵母细胞第一极体排出率,与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),但能显著提高卵母细胞孤雌激活后胚胎的囊胚发育率(P0.05)。综上表明,小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟液中添加10μmol/L EC可提高卵母细胞的mtDNA拷贝数,有利于促进卵母细胞后续的发育能力。     

不同浓度玻璃化冷冻保护液及冷冻载体对驴卵母细胞成熟率的影响

为了比较不同冷冻液及冷冻载体对驴卵母细胞成熟率的影响,试验设计4个浓度梯度（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ）冷冻液和3种冷冻载体分别对生发泡（germinal vesicle,GV）期驴的卵母细胞进行玻璃化冷冻,对解冻后的卵母细胞进行体外成熟,通过比较卵母细胞的成熟率反映其冷冻效果。结果表明,冷冻液Ⅱ的卵母细胞成熟率（28.13%）显著（P〈0.05）高于其他3组,但显著（P〈0.05）低于正常组（51.77%）,在不同冷冻载体对驴卵母细胞成熟率的影响试验中,使用开放式拉长塑料细管（OPS）的卵母细胞成熟率（28.13%）显著（P〈0.05）高于普通玻璃细管组（11.67%）,但与GMP管组（23.53%）差异不显著（P〉0.05）。     

不同生殖周期阶段对犬卵巢卵母细胞体外发育的影响

试验以屠宰场犬卵巢为材料,研究了不同生殖周期阶段(卵泡期、黄体期和乏情期)对犬卵母细胞体外发育的影响。结果表明,从卵泡期卵巢采集A类COCs的数量为22.67±11.02个,显著高于黄体期10.67±5.51个和乏情期7.25±4.92个(P＜0.05);体外培养48 h时,卵泡期、黄体期和乏情期卵母细胞达到MⅠ-MⅡ期比率分别为19.2%±15.3%、26.8%±21.1%、9.8%±10.4%,卵泡期与黄体期之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),但两者均显著高于乏情期(P＜0.05);体外培养72 h时,卵泡期、黄体期和乏情期卵母细胞达到MⅠ-MⅡ期比率分别为25.2%±13.5%、6.6%±6.7%、9.2%±5.5%,卵泡期显著高于黄体期和乏情期(P＜0.05)。同时,随体外培养时间延长,不同生殖周期阶段犬卵母细胞达到MⅠ-MⅡ期比率存在不同变化。说明不同生殖周期阶段对犬卵巢卵母细胞体外发育有一定影响,且与培养时间有关。