乐都驴血液生化参数测定

对青海省乐都县５１头驴的１３项血清（浆）生化参数进行测定，结果：总蛋白为７４．４±９．７ｇ／Ｌ，Ａ／Ｇ为Ｏ．９±０．２，总脂为２．５±０．６ｇ／Ｌ，胆固醇为２．５±０．９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｋ￣＋为４．５±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｎａ￣＋为１３７±３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃａ￣（２＋）为２．３±０．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｍｇ￣（２＋）为１．６±０．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，无机磷为２．０±０．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＧＰＴ为８．４±６．４ＩＵ／Ｌ，ＧＯＴ为１１．６±９．７ＩＵ／Ｌ，血浆葡萄糖为５．６±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；上述参数在骟、母驴间无显著差异。     

乐都驴9项血液生理指标测定

对６８头乐都县本地驴的９项血液生理指标进行测定，结果：ＲＢＣ５．４３±０．８８×１０￣（１２）／Ｌ；ＨＢ１３２．４±１２．５ｇ／Ｌ；ＰＣＶ０．３８±０．０４Ｌ／Ｌ；ＭＣＨ２４．９８±４．１５ｐｇ；ＭＣＶ７１．０１±１１．４８ｆｌ；ＭＣＨＣ３５２．３６±２８．８９ｇ／Ｌ；ＷＢＣ１１．２１±２．５６×１０￣９／Ｌ；ＷＢＣ－ＤＣ中，嗜酸性白细胞１４．９９±６．９０％、嗜碱性白细胞０．０４±０．２１％、嗜中性白细胞４０．８７±９．８６％（内杆状核５．１６±３．９２％、分叶核３５．６６±９．７１％）、淋巴细胞４２．７６±１０．８１％、单核细胞１．２４±１．７６％；ＥＳＲ中，１５ｍｉｎ１１．６４±１５．６４ｍｍ、３０ｍｉｎ２３．７６±１９．５７ｍｍ，４５ｍｉｎ３１．８８±１９．２２ｍｍ，６０ｍｉｎ３５．３８±１８．８７ｍｍ。     

藏野驴鼻形杯环线虫的形态及其变异类型

首次对藏野驴的蠕虫调查结果表明：鼻形杯环线虫是危害该动物的主要虫种，对其形态观察测量发现，部份雄虫的口囊，交合伞及伞肋以及雌虫属部形态与国内外主要资料记载存在明显差异，且表现出四种变异类型：（１）背肋对称或基本对称２型；（２）痛肋不对称型；（３）侧枝退化型；（４）宽口囊型。     

猪红细胞生成素受体基因外显子区多态性研究

研究以5头北京黑猪和5头东北民猪DNA混合池为模板,采用测序的方法研究猪红细胞生成素受体（erythropoietin receptor,EPOR）基因外显子区序列遗传变异。研究结果发现,EPOR基因外显子区共存在3个SNP位点,其中g.1147C＞G位于外显子2,可导致第50位氨基酸改变（Leu＞Val）;g.1645G＞A位于外显子3,可导致第92位氨基酸改变（Arg＞His）;g.4953C＞T位于外显子8,为同义突变。经检测,在一个30头的北京黑猪群体中,除g.1147C＞G位点外,另外2个位点均处于哈代－温伯格平衡状态。     

Digital Agenesia in Martina Franca Donkey Foal: A Case Report

A 4-day-old male Martina Franca donkey foal was evaluated for a forelimb alteration. Clinical examination and radiographs revealed the agenesia of the distal digit. Biochemical parameters were normal, and ultrasonographic evaluation did not identify any relievable organ alteration. Karyotype study revealed an abnormality on chromosome 1. The foal was discharged with a distal limb bandage in which a palmar splint was applied. A poor prognosis for the functionality of the limb was given. In endangered species, such as the Martina Franca donkey, the excessive inbreeding could result in an increase in genetic disorders. These findings shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of the digital dysgenesia. The study of the karyotype could be a useful approach to detect genetic alterations that could or could not be expressed in the animal, especially in endangered species in which a risk of an excessive inbreeding is considerable. These defects should be considered in the choice and selection of the breeders.     

Alternatives in Donkey semen cryopreservation: Mare vs. Jenny Colostrum

The aim of this study was to test and compare two new components in extenders for freezing donkey semen: mare colostrum and jenny colostrum. Colostrum was obtained from four mares and four jennies right after the foal's birth. Ejaculates were collected from five fertile donkeys. Sperm samples were pooled, diluted and cryopreserved in three different experimental extender groups: lactose supplemented with egg yolk extender (20%) as the control group, lactose supplemented with jenny colostrum extender (20%), and lactose supplemented with mare colostrum extender (20%). After thawing, we evaluated the sperm motility by means of computer‐assisted analysis, viability by SYBR‐14 and propidium iodide (PI), membrane functional by HOS test and acrosome integrity by isothiocyanate conjugated with peanut agglutinin (FITC‐PNA) and PI. The results demonstrated that lactose–jenny colostrum extender displayed significantly higher values (p < .05) in nearly all parameters evaluated – Total Motility, Viability, HOS test, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and WOB –, compared with mare colostrum and egg yolk extenders after thawing. In conclusion, the extender containing jenny colostrum used for donkey semen cryopreservation improved the donkey sperm quality after the freezing–thawing process.     

一例妊娠毒血症患驴9项血清生化指标的测定

测定了患妊娠毒血症怀骡母驴的９项血清生化指标,结果发现,病驴的血清总脂、血清总蛋白、ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ、ＺＮＴ,ＴＩＴ６项血清生化指标均明显增高,血清钾、血清钠和Ａ／Ｇ系数降低。     

水牛瘦素受体基因密码子使用偏好性分析

试验选取27头河流型水牛和41头沼泽型水牛,以从NCBI数据库中下载的家牛、野牦牛、野牛、绵羊、山羊、小鼠和人的序列作对照,对编码瘦素受体（leptin receptor,LEPR）基因的密码子偏好性及水牛与其他物种间密码子使用的差异和进化关系进行了深入分析。结果发现,所有的密码子在河流型水牛和沼泽型水牛LEPR基因中均有使用,两种类型水牛偏好使用的密码子有28个,其中使用偏好性较强的密码子为AGA（RSCU≥2）,表明河流型水牛和沼泽型水牛LEPR基因密码子使用特征相似。水牛及参考物种LEPR基因均偏好使用以A/U结尾的密码子,但水牛与其他参考物种间偏好使用密码子的种类和数目有差异。密码子使用偏好聚类分析表明,河流型水牛与沼泽型水牛亲缘关系最近,先聚为一类,然后与家牛、野牦牛和野牛聚为一类,再与绵羊、山羊、小鼠和人等物种聚为一类。在密码子使用频率上,河流型水牛LEPR基因与酵母密码子偏好性差异小于与大肠杆菌和小鼠密码子偏好性差异,从而揭示酵母更适合作为水牛LEPR基因的外源表达系统。     

Analysis of Codon Usage Bias of Leptin Receptor Gene in Buffalo

The experiment was aimed to study the synonymous codon usage features of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene in buffalos, the codon usage differences and evolutionary relationships between buffalo and other reference species. The coding region of LEPR gene from 27 river buffalo and 41 swamp buffalo were sequencing,and Bos taurus,Bos mutus,Bos bison,Ovis aries,Capra hircus,Mus musculus and Homo sapiens were chosen as reference species from NCBI database. The results showed that all synonymous codons were used in the LEPR gene of river buffalo and swamp buffalo. Two kinds of buffalo had 28 biased usage codons. Among them,strongly biased codon was AGA (RSCU≥2),which indicated that codon usage features were similar in LEPR gene of two types of buffalo. Furthermore,buffalo and the species compared in this study were bias toward the synonymous codons with A/U at the third codon position in LEPR gene.However,the types and numbers of bias usage codons were different between buffalo and the species compared. Clustering analysis showed that the relationship between river buffalo and swamp buffalo was the closest,and they gathered into one group firstly,then they gathered with Bos taurus,Bos mutus and Bos bison,and further gathered in turn with Ovis aries,Capra hircus,Mus musculus and Homo sapiens.The frequency differences of synonymous codon usage between buffalo LEPR gene and yeast genome were less than that between buffalo and E.coli,Mus musculus genome,suggesting that yeast might be more suitable as an external expression system for buffalo LEPR gene.     

SIRT3基因多态及其与德州驴生长性状的关联分析

[目的]旨在探讨SIRT3基因多态与德州驴生长性状之间的关系,寻找与不同性别的德州驴体尺性状相关的分子标记.[方法]本研究采用质谱分型方法检测190头健康成年德州母驴及214头德州公驴SIRT3基因的多态性,分析其多态位点不同的基因型与不同性别德州驴生长性状的关联性.[结果]结果发现,SIRT3基因扩增序列区间存在2个...     

中国驴品种资源现状及其分子遗传育种研究进展

驴是中国一个古老畜种,对不良环境适应性强,耐粗饲、抗病力强,一直是役、驮、乘、肉、药多用资源之一。但随着农业机械化、运输业快速发展及人民生活水平提高,近些年来驴品种资源整体面临着种质资源退化、种群数量和质量显著下降等问题。本文针对我国驴品种资源概况、保护利用现状、存在问题及其分子遗传育种研究进展进行综述,以期为驴品种资源的保护及开发利用提供参考。     

Haemosiderin deposition in Donkey (Equusasinus) liver: Comparison of liver histopathology with liver iron content

Histopathological examination was carried out on post mortem samples of liver from 12 donkeys (Equus asinus), aged 21-57 years (4 females, 1 stallion, 7 geldings). Variable amounts of haemosiderin were present in Kupffer cells, portal macrophages and hepatocytes in all cases. In all cases there was infiltration of connective tissue around portal tracts by variable numbers of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages) but obvious portal fibrosis was present in only four animals. Subjective assessment of overall haemosiderin staining (including extent and intensity) generally reflected biochemical measurements of liver iron content (measured by an inductively-coupled plasma method) as well as quantitative histochemical measurements (using an image analysis package and sections stained with Perl’s Prussian blue stain). Accumulation of hepatic iron in old donkeys was not directly related to other pathological changes and may be an incidental finding.     

Haemosiderin deposition in Donkey (Equus asinus) livers: Comparison of quantitative histochemistry for iron and liver iron content

Post mortem liver samples from 12 donkeys (Equus asinus) aged 21-57 years (4 females, 1 stallion, 7 geldings), were assessed chemically for copper and iron content on a wet weight basis and histologically for stainable iron. Chemical liver copper content ranged from 2.7 to 4.8 μg/g (mean 3.5 ± 0.05 μg/g). Chemical liver iron content ranged from 524 to 5010 μg/g (mean 1723 ± 1258 μg/g). Histochemical iron was measured morphometrically using a computer-based image analysis system; percentage section area staining for iron ranged from 0.84% to 26.69% (mean 10.82 ± 8.36%). There was no clear correlation, within the wide range of iron values, between histochemically demonstrable iron and chemically measured iron content. No clear age-related increase was apparent for either parameter in these aged donkeys. The accumulation of iron in the liver of donkeys may represent a physiological haemosiderosis rather than pathological haemochromatosis.     

鸡胚胎期及新生期肝脏中瘦素受体的表达

本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测了14、18日胚龄鸡胚以及2日龄雏鸡肝脏中瘦素受体的表达情况.结果表明:瘦素受体在14、18日胚龄鸡胚以及2日龄雏鸡肝脏中均有表达;随着胚胎及个体的发育,瘦素受体的表达水平降低.     

牛瘦素受体基因表达及其结合瘦素特性研究

[目的]以秦川牛为研究对象,克隆、原核表达秦川牛瘦素受体(Lepr)基因的蛋白功能区,分析表达蛋白对瘦素结合特性,为研究瘦素受体与瘦素结合的调节机制提供理论基础.[方法]本研究通过RT-PCR法从秦川牛肉mRNA扩增获得Lepr IG基因的cDNA序列,克隆至pMD18-T载体获得重组质粒,并进行序列测定.将测序正确的...     

新疆驴和青海驴MSTN基因多态性分析

 为揭示中国家驴 MSTN 基因的遗传多样性,以新疆驴和青海驴为研究对象,根据GenBank上公布的马的 MSTN 序列,设计9对特异性引物,利用驴混合DNA池为模板对该 MSTN 基因部分序列进行PCR扩增和测序分析。结果显示,扩增出的驴 MSTN 基因部分序列长度为3242 bp,包括5'-UTR区(671 bp)、第一外显子(373 bp)、第一内含子(1825 bp)和第二外显子(373 bp)。在该基因中共发现4个SNPs,分别为65 bp处T→Ｃ（5'-UTR）,872 bp处A→G（第一外显子）,2017 bp处G→A (第一内含子),2395处C→G突变（第一内含子）。利用PCR-RFLP技术对新疆驴和青海驴共计80个样本进行基因分型,4个突变位点共检测到6种单倍型（H1-H6）,其中H1是最主要的单倍型。两个家驴品种 MSTN 基因的遗传多样性很丰富（H=0.6044）,这对中国驴的遗传资源保护具有重要作用。     

Preventing Effects of Nano-Selenium Particles on Serum Concentration of Blood Urea Nitrogen,Creatinine, and Total Protein During Intense Exercise in Donkey

The present study was aimed to determine the effects of oral administration of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and total protein changes during intense exercise in donkey. Eight female donkeys, 2-5 years of age, weighing 130-190 kg, were randomly divided in two groups: treated and control groups receiving Se NPs 0.5 mg/kg and normal saline for 10 consecutive days, respectively. Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the experiment (before supplementation), closely after Se NPs supplementation (before exercise), and at 2-, 24-, and 72-hour postexercise recovery times. Results showed that serum selenium concentration was significantly increased in response to Se NPs supplementation and intense exercise. Creatinine concentration of both groups was significantly increased at 2-hour postexercise recovery time and sharply decreased in treated group at 72-hour postexercise recovery time (P < .05). A similar pattern was obtained for BUN changes in control group; as such its concentration was significantly increased at 2-hour postexercise recovery time in comparison with the Se NPs-supplemented group (P < .05). These findings may explain the positive effects of Se NPs supplementation on serum BUN and creatinine changes in response to intense exercise in donkey. The positive effect of Se NPs might be related to the incorporation of Se into proteins such as selenocysteine and its preventive role on tissue oxidative damages.     

瘦素及其受体对肌肉组织蛋白质代谢的调节

近年来,体内外试验研究表明,瘦素的短期或长期处理能够调节哺乳动物骨骼肌和肌细胞内蛋白质的代谢,而这主要是由于瘦素可以调节肌细胞内与蛋白质代谢相关的信号通路(如胰岛素相关信号通路和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路)的活性.因此,本文综述了瘦素及其受体在动物体内肌肉组织蛋白质代谢过程中的调节作用,并分析讨论了这一过程中瘦素的可能...