辽东山区人工阔叶红松林经营现状、存在问题及对策

辽东山区人工阔叶红松林基本上可分为人工诱导的异龄复层阔叶红松林、人工诱导的同龄阔叶红松林和人工营造的同龄阔叶红松林等3种类型。文章对这3种人工阔叶红松林经营现状、存在问题进行了深入细致的分析,并提出几点切实可行的对策。     

阔叶红松林的采伐与更新

红松是我国珍贵的用材树种,而阔叶红松林,又是我省当前重要的木材生产基地,对阔叶红松林的采伐与更新大家十分关注.林业研究部门,从不同角度,对阔叶红松林进行过广泛的调查研究,提出了一些意见,虽说是看法不一,争论很大,但对促进阔叶红松林采伐与更新的开展,仍然是有益的. 我所于一九五七年以来就开展了阔叶红松林的主伐与更新的研究.经历了十几年的观测与资料累积.为此,本文在已往调查的基础上,学习生产实践中的经验,着重从阔叶红松林的天然更新效果、林分结构特点,     

中国东北蛟河阔叶红松林主要树种种群结构与更新模式的研究(英文)

在对东北蛟河林场３２ｈ ｍ ２ 阔叶红松林每木调查的基础上,研究了阔叶红松林主要树木种群的径级结构,分析了阔叶红松林主要树种的更新模式及其机理．结果表明,阔叶红松林中不同树种的最大径级及其在不同径级中的株数分布不同,阔叶树种的最大径级大都低于针叶树种．根据不同树种按径级的株数分布特征,可将阔叶红松林中的主要树种分为四类．根据不同树种各径级的累计株数百分率曲线所拟合的方程,亦可将阔叶红松林中的主要树种划分为四种类型．以林木种群的径级结构为基础,文章阐述了树木径级结构的平衡性,分析了阔叶红松林主要树种的更新模式及其与自然干扰状况和不同时空尺度的关系,探讨了样地大小对阔叶红松林种群结构研究结果的影响．     

东北地区阔叶红松林恢复的相关问题研究

东北林区现有林经营面临的首要任务是恢复阔叶红松林。栽针保阔是恢复阔叶红松林的科学理论,但还需时间的检验并不断完善。天保工程的实施为提高现有林生产力、恢复阔叶红松林提供了历史机遇,但在实施过程中还存在诸多问题,需要转变观念,正确认识。以近自然森林经营理论为指导,适当发展红松人工林具有重要意义,落叶松人工林可以通过人为诱导向阔叶红松林发展。传统意义上的封山育林不利于阔叶红松林的恢复,应由“封山”向“育林”转变。     

东折棱河地区不同类型天然红松林林分结构比较

对东折棱河地区的柞树红松林、枫桦红松林和紫椴红松林等3种典型的阔叶红松林进行了标准地调查,比较了不同类型的天然红松林的林分结构和空间分布格局之间的差异,分析了出现差异的原因,同时判断了不同红松林的群落稳定性。结果发现：在分层现象明显的阔叶红松林中,主林层的红松为优势种,分布最广,占据最大的生存空间,而阔叶树种则在次林层争夺生存空间。在红松林的不同发育阶段,其林分密度不同,但自然稀疏现象的存在使林分结构趋于优化,趋于稳定。     

次生林冠下红松更新对光环境适应的研究进展

阔叶红松林是我国东北东部山区的典型地带性顶极群落,红松则是阔叶红松林中的优势树种和建群种。自20世纪50年代以来,由于长期的不合理开发利用,阔叶红松林严重退化,建群种红松消失,并逐渐被次生林生态系统(包含次生林及镶嵌其中的人工林)所取代。由于次生林生态系统的结构、生态服务功能等远低于原始林(阔叶红松林),因此,促进次生林生态系统的正向演替、恢复其固有结构和生态功能已成为东北林业发展的主要目标之一。如何促进红松在次生林生态系统内的更新是实现阔叶红松林恢复的关键。已有研究表明,阔叶次生林冠下人工栽植红松是将次生林定向恢复为阔叶红松林的可行途径;而在此过程中,光是影响冠下红松更新成功与否的最关键环境要素。该文综述了以往红松对光环境响应的研究结果,旨在为通过调整次生林林分结构促进次生林冠下红松更新提供一定参考。     

吉林蛟河不同类型阔叶红松林标记二阶特征

[目的]分析阔叶红松林林分结构的标记二阶特征,探讨不同标记二阶特征函数提供的结构信息和结构形成的生态过程,为阔叶红松林保护、恢复和结构优化调整提供理论依据.[方法]以吉林蛟河4种不同类型阔叶红松林为研究对象,运用单变量双相关函数、标记双相关函数、标记变异函数、标记大小分化度和标记混交度等二阶特征函数,分析树种和林木大小...     

不同红松林型下土壤理化性质差异的初步研究

为了探讨低产次生林经过人工择伐改造后林冠下更新红松所形成的异龄阔叶红松林后的生态效益,分别对异龄阔叶红松林、红松纯林以及杂木林3种不同林分类型内土壤的理化性质进行了比较和分析。结果表明异龄阔叶红松林不仅改善了土壤的物理性状,提高了土壤的蓄水能力,而且使土壤有机质、全N、速效P、速效K含量显著提高,对提高土壤肥力和生态效益都有重要意义。     

辽东山区阔叶红松混交林培育模式探讨

恢复地带性顶极植被群落——阔叶红松林是当前东北林区森林经营面临的重要任务之一。根据清原满族自治县的森林资源和经营现状,实践并总结阔叶红松混交林培育模式,集成阔叶红松林培育技术作业体系和经营措施,以期为东北林区森林可持续经营提供借鉴。     

小兴安岭阔叶红松林采伐迹地更新的研究

小兴安岭阔叶红松林是全国木材生产的重要基地,森林开发利用已有30多年历史。目前森林面积和蓄积量锐减,如何加速森林恢复的进程,是本课题研究的目的。本文根据多年试验和调查资料,分析了红松早期生长特点和各类型采伐迹地更新的过程,并根据森林演替发展趋向,探讨阔叶红松林恢复的措施。全文强调既积极进行人工更新,又要充分利用红松天然更新的潜在力量,并与森林抚育和合理采伐相结合,以期全面加快阔叶红松林的恢复。     

Effect of microenvironmental quantitative regulation on growth of Korean pine trees planted under secondary forest

Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and broadleaved mixed forest in Northeast China has been changed regressively into secondary forest with almost no conifers. Planting Korean pine trees under the canopy of secondary forest is a feasible approach for recovering Korean pine and broadleaved mixed forest. For establishing an effective growth promotion method for under-canopy planted young Korean pine trees, two stands were selected as the experiment plots, Stand A (planted in 1989) and Stand B (planted in 1982), and an experiment of microenvironment regulation was conducted relying mainly on Opening degree (K=1, K=1.5, K=2, CK) in 2004. The results were shown that the adjustment had promoted growth of diameter and height of Korean pine planted in Stand A and Stand B, and had a significant influence on the growth rate of basal diameter, diameter at breast height and height in the two growth stands. The four years periodic increment of mean diameter and height of Korean pine planted in 1989 and in 1982 after regulation in K=1 level were 63.4% (D₀) and 82.7% (H), 64.8% (D_1.3) and 69.7% (H) higher than that of control respectively. Quantitative regulation had significant influence on specific leaf area of Korean pine planted in 1989, and the current year specific leaf area (SLA) was lager than perennial year SLA. Quality indexes of natural pruning capacity, normal form quotient and crown size was not significantly changed but shown a positive tendency. The regulation scheme of Opening degree K=1 might be proper for adjusting the microenvironment of Korean pine trees planted under the canopy of secondary forest when the Korean pine trees were in the growth period of 15 to 26 years old in the experiment region.     

基于“近自然林业”的红松林主要树种重要值的研究

以“近自然林业”为指导思想,对凉水自然保护区不同类型红松林主要树种的重要值进行了研究。结果表明：红松在天然林内并不占据优势地位;红松人工纯林内红松的重要值都很大,都大于同林分内的阔叶树主要树种的重要值之和;林隙透光抚育林内红松的重要值为107．98％,而其他几个阔叶树种色木、白桦、椴树和杨树的重要值相加为121．69％,主要树种中针叶树种和阔叶树种的比值接近1∶1,这种重要值的比率使整个林分的针阔比处于一种平衡的状态。     

STUDY ON THE TREE GROWTH, ARCHITECTURE AND STAND STRUCTURE OF KOREAN PINE PLANTATION

lNTRODUCTIONTherhythInofKorcanpinegrowingandtrpearchitectUreissubjectedtoitsownl1crcd-ityandforeststructUre.Tl1cil11portantefTcctsofgapdynamicsarethereasonsthatmaketl1cKoreanpinetrceformhighqualityoftimbcr.Whilecurrentn1anagemcntofKoreanpincforestmainlyfocusesonpurestand,thccco-logicalrelationshipsbetWcenKoreanpineandothcrsPecicsinaconununityareneglected,thcprimitivebiologicalconditionislost.TheKo-reanpinetrecsinplantationcasilydivergeonthctOpofmainsten1,thesescverelyaITectthcgrOedqu…     

红松人工林培育技术

在黑龙江省山河屯林业局凤凰山等4个林场的6个大林班内6个小林班进行红松人工林培育实验,所选地块均为适合红松林生长的荒地类,而且均设置了对照区。实验得出结论:从地类因子对红松径、高生长量影响来分析,以荒地类生长量最高;从坡向、坡位、坡度因子对红松径、高的影响来分析,阴坡的平均径、高生长量明显高于阳坡,以坡下位的平均径、高最高,并随坡度增加生长量逐渐降低,平坡和缓坡(5°-15°)的条件是红松适宜生长的立地条件;从土壤类型和土壤深度对红松径、高的影响来分析,以暗棕壤土红松的径、高生长量最高,而且其各生长指标随土层厚度的增加呈上升趋势,土层厚度大于50cm对红松生长最好;不同修枝高度对红松幼林的径、高影响很大,以中度修枝程度最有利于提高生长量。     

RESEARCH ON REGENERATION APPROACHES OF KOREAN PINE FORESTS

Broad-lcavedKoreanpincforcstisthcclimaticclimaxconinunitVofnortheastmoun-tainousregionsofChina.AsthemaintreesPecies,Koreanpinehasexccllentwood.AgreatattentionbasbccnpaidtorecoveringtheseforesttyPesafterharvesting.Additional1y,KoreanpineisoneofkeyregcncrationtreesPeCiesinthisregion.TherehasbeenlargeareaofKorcanpincplantations.Howevcr,thercaresomeproblemsncedingtobestUdicdfwtheramongwhichoneistoselectsuitabIeropenerationapproacl1esofKoreanpincforesls.WHATISTHEPROBLEM?ThcnatUralregen…     

Life History Process and Conservation of Korean Pine Populations in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains of Northeast ChinaThis research was supported by the UNDP Project CPR/96/109

分析了中国东北小兴安岭林区红松种群的生活史过程及其影响因素,对红松生活史的４个阶段进行了分析,并讨论了其进化和保护对策．红松的传粉和受精主要受天气条件的影响．林冠下的光照是控制红松幼苗生长和存活的主要因素．红松种子生产的周期性波动会引起有关动物种群的相应变化．动物是阔叶红松林生态系统中不可缺少的组成成分,松鼠在红松种群的天然更新中起着非常重要的作用．了解森林生态系统中物种的协同进化关系对于我们保护森林生物多样性和生态系统的完整性有着重要的意义．在红松的保护中,我们不仅要保护树木本身,而且还应当保护与红松相关的动物、生境乃至整个生态系统．     

天然红松阔叶林林木分布格局研究的最小样本量

利用角尺度法分析了天然红松阔叶林林木个体的空间分布格局,采用数学模型对抽样点数与对应林木空间分布格局吻合率的关系进行拟合,将拟合方程二阶导数开始趋近于0的点对应的样点数确定为林木空间分布格局抽样调查的最小样本量,并利用9块模拟样地及2块厄瓜多尔天然林样地的资料进行分析,进一步求证最小样本量的合理性.结果表明,天然红松阔叶林空间分布格局调查的最小样本量为49.     

亚热带几种森林类型下土壤的理化性质

在福建省邵武市卫闽林场，在本底条件一致的同龄杉木林、马尾松林、天然阔叶林及杉阔混交林林下土壤进行了野外调查和室内分析，结果表明，土壤容量重为天然阔叶林〈杉阔混交林〈马尾松林〈杉木林；总孔隙度和最大含水量为天然阔叶林〉杉阔混交林〉杉木林〉马尾松林；〈０．００１细微颗粒百分含量为阔叶林〈杉阔混交林〈杉木林〈马尾林；土壤ＰＨ伙阔叶林〉杉阔混交林〉马尾松林〉杉木林，速效Ｐ，速率Ｋ，全Ｎ和有机质含量均为阔叶     

The natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

According to a great deal of field investigation and detailed indoor analysis, the natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest has been uncovered. The results show that the regeneration quantity and quality of Korean pine population under mountainous Poplar-birch forest and mountainous white birch forest are better than those under valley moss-grass White Birch forest and virgin broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Korean pine population shows aggregated distribution, the mass-occurrence period of Korean pine population is behind the mass-occurrence period of Poplar-birch population. Various aged Korean pines growth is affected by different stand structure factors. Man-made lighting tending can accelerate the regeneration process and increase the regeneration quality of Korean pine population. It is feasible to set up regeneration recombination of upper layer White Birch and lower layer Korean pines.     

Genetic Differentiation of Pinus koraiensis under Different Altitude Conditions in Changbai Mountain

The genetic differentiation of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in different altitudes in Changbai Mountain was analyzed by ISSR technique, and it was found that the level of genetic diversity of Korean pine reduces along with altitude increasing in Changbai Mountain. The variation of Korean pine is mainly from intra-population and there is a positive relativity between genetic distance and vertical geographic distance of Korean pine in different altitudes. The genedc coherence shows that altitude has less insulation to Korean pine. Therefore, it is deduced that the terrain formation of vertical distribution of Korean pine is a result of diffusion from lower altitude to higher altitude in the course of enlarging its adaptability.