Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Fertility and Infertility in Domestic Animals. Third Edition. Edited by J. A. Laing.
Abnormalities of Companion Animals, by C. W. Foley, J. F. Lasley, G. D. Osweiler.
Tape-slide Programme Reviews: Toxocariasis of the Dog and Cat. Elizabeth Pegg and Trevor Turner.
Tape-slide Programme Reviews: Some Feline Dermatoses. Dr G. T. Wilkinson.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Canine Medicine and Therapeutics, 2nd Edn Edited by E. A. Chandler, J. B. Sutton and D. J. Thompson.
Canine and Feline Surgery, Volume 1, Abdomen Edited by J. Archibald and E. J. Caldicott.
Diseases of the Cat and their Management, 2nd Edn G. T. Wilkinson.
Birds. Their structure and function, 2nd Edn A. S. King and J. McLelland.
Principles of Pharmacology R. Giovanoni and R. G. Warren.
First Aid for Pets, 2nd Edn Barry Bush.
The British Veterinary Profession, 1791–1948 Iain Pattison.
Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Treatment W. O. Brinker, D. L. Piermattei and G. L. Flo.
Medicina Operatoria Veterinaria R. Cheli and F. Addis.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
CLINICAL VETERINARY ONCOLOGY. S. J. Withrow and E. Gregory MacEwen (eds).
A COLOUR ATLAS OF SMALL ANIMAL DERMATOLOGY. George T. Wilkinson.
CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY OF DOGS AND CATS. Ton Willemse.
A COLOR ATLAS OF SMALL ANIMAL DERMATOLOGY. Barbara A. Kummel.
VETERINARY CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. Richard E. W. Halliwell and Neil T. Gorman.     

3个贵州地方鸡种NKX2-5基因多态性及生物信息学分析

以高脚鸡、威宁鸡、乌蒙乌骨鸡(含白壳蛋鸡和绿壳蛋鸡)3个贵州地方鸡种为研究对象,构建品种DNA池,扩增NKX2-5基因第1外显子全部序列及第2内含子部分序列,采用直接测序法对3个品种(4个群体)的NKX2-5基因进行单核苷酸多态性检测,利用生物信息学软件预测不同多态性位点对NKX2-5基因mRNA二级结构、蛋白质二级结构的影响.结果表明,在3个品种(4个群体)中共检测到G108A、T288C、C400T、T420G和G429A 5个SNPs位点,其中,G108A位于非编码区;T288C、C400T位于第1外显子区;T420G和G429A位于内含子区.T288C和C400T均为错义突变,T288C突变导致丝氨酸(Ser)变为脯氨酸(Pro)、C400T突变导致丙氨酸(Ala)变为缬氨酸(Val),SNPs位点对于NKX2-5基因mRNA二级结构、蛋白质二级结构有一定影响.     

兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性与屠宰性状的相关性分析

为了解兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因SNPs与屠宰性状的相关性,本研究采用基因克隆及PCR产物直接测序的方法,将MSTN基因作为鸭屠宰性状的候选基因,对兴义鸭的MSTN基因外显子进行多态性检测.结果表明,在60个兴义鸭个体中筛选出8个SNPs,其中,第1外显子有5个突变位点:SNP1(G77A)、SNP2(A91G)、SNP3(G130A)、SNP4(C325T)和SNP5(C331T);在第2外显子中并未发现突变位点;第3外显子有3个突变位点:SNP6(C206T)、SNP7(A235G)和SNP8(C256A);对这8个SNPs与屠宰性状进行关联性分析,结果并未达到显著水平(P>0.05).本研究结果可丰富MSTN基因的研究数据,为鸭的育种提供参考.     

小尾寒羊线粒体基因组遗传变异分析

本试验旨在利用基因组扫描策略和DNA混池测序技术分析小尾寒羊线粒体基因组遗传变异.结果表明,小尾寒羊线粒体基因组编码区共有95个变异位点,多肽编码区除ATPase8基因无突变外,其余12个多肽编码基因均有突变位点,变异位点总数为83个,错义突变为19个,分别为:T3544A、T4209C、C7501A、A8040G、G8265C、A9376G、C9975T、G10119A、G10938A、G11046A、G12571C、G13041A、C13576T、T13588C、C13777T、C13789T、T13837C、T13855C、A13876G.12S rRNA区域有3个变异位点,分别为:T281C、C291T、A538G;16S rRNA区域有5个变异位点,分别为:A1099T、T1112C、T2200C、C2444T、T2635C;tRNA区域有4个突变位点,分别为:tRNA-Tyr (G5295A)、tRNA-Lys (T7720G)、tRNA-His (C11607T)、tRNA-Ser (G11669A).由此可知,小尾寒羊线粒体基因组编码区多态性较丰富,该试验结果为核外遗传效应研究提供了分子生物学基础.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
More than skin deep, Handbook of Small Animal Dermatology. By K. Moriello and I. Mason
Gastrointestinal reference for the pocket, Handbook of Small Animal Gastroenterology BY T. R. Tarns
State of the art ultrasonography, Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound. By T. G. Nyland and J. S. Mattoon.     

兴义矮脚鸡GH基因的多态性研究

兴义矮脚鸡为贵州特有的地方品种鸡。本研究对兴义矮脚鸡GH基因上第一外显子和部分第一内含子序列直接测序进行多态性分析。结果表明,在扩增出来的777 bp序列中,A、T、G、C碱基的平均含量分别为28.1%、23.9%、24.9%和23.1%。A+T的含量(52%)略高于G+C的含量(48%);总共发现10个变异位点,占分析位点总数的1.287%,这些变异位点分别为C124T、T319G、T321C、G333A、A364G、A464C、A507C、C508A、T541C和T630C,其中C124T突变点位于5′端调控区,其余突变点都集中在第一内含子上,均为转换,表现较高的转换偏向。     

绵羊心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白基因单核苷酸多态性分析

试验旨在探讨心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白（heart fatty acid-binding protein，H-FABP）基因在绵羊中的遗传多态性，并寻找可用于辅助选择的分子标记。本研究以滩羊（250只）及滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代（174只）为试验动物，利用SNaPshot分型技术对H-FABP基因（GenBank登录号：AY157617）的多态位点进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分析，统计基因频率和基因型频率，进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡性检测，计算期望杂合度（He）、多态信息含量（PIC）和有效等位基因数（Ne）等遗传多态指标，分析候选基因不同基因型与体重、体长、体高、胸围、胸深、胸宽和管围等生长性状的关联性。结果显示：①检测到9个多态位点：939[A/G]、980[G/A]、1018[T/C]、2878[C/T]、2956[C/T]、3017[G/A]、3341[G/C]、3394[T/A]、1056[-/G]，其中有6处转换、2处颠换、1处单碱基插入。②939[A/G]、980[G/A]、2956[C/T]、3341[G/C]、3394[T/A]和1018[T/C]的He为0.3200~0.4666，PIC为0.2688~0.3577；2878[C/T]、3017[G/A]位点的He为0.0283~0.1272，PIC为0.0279~0.1191，为低度多态；1056[-/G]位点的He在滩羊、滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代群体中分别为0.0120和0，PIC在滩羊、滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代群体中分别为0.0119和0；9个多态位点在滩羊、滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代群体中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。③5个多态位点：939[A/G]、980[G/A]、2956[C/T]、3341[G/C]、3394[T/A]处于紧密连锁（D'>0.99），将H-FABP基因分为3个单倍型：AA、AB和BB。④在41只滩羊×湖羊杂交F1代羊中，BB单倍型在各生产性状上具有最大值，但各单倍型间差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明，绵羊H-FABP基因具有丰富的遗传多态性，939[A/G]、980[G/A]、2956[C/T]、3341[G/C]、3394[T/A]5个位点紧密连锁，BB单倍型可能是与绵羊生产性状相关的优势单倍型。     

新吉细毛羊5个生殖激素受体基因多态性分析

本研究旨在检测新吉细毛羊促性腺激素释放激素(GnRHR)、促黄体素(LHR)、促卵泡素(FSHR)、催乳素受体(PRLR)、雌激素(ESR)5个生殖激素受体基因多态性,为绵羊繁殖力的标记辅助选择和育种提供理论依据。以119只新吉细毛羊个体为研究对象,利用ABI测序仪检测基因多态性;用DNASTAR软件与I-TASSER软件预测蛋白质三级结构;用Excel计算基因型频率;用GraphPad prism 6软件进行新吉细毛羊群体5个生殖激素受体基因多态性与产羔数的相关性分析。经测序分析发现,FSHR基因不存在突变位点,其余4个基因存在13个突变位点。GnRHR基因存在A505G、G720C突变,LHR基因存在T1262G、A1991G、C2012T、A2032T、T2041A的突变,PRLR基因存在A1263G、C1544G突变,ESR基因存在A106T、C181T、G612A、C735T突变。在新吉细毛羊群体4个基因多态性与产羔数相关性分析结果中,只有ESR基因A106T突变对新吉细毛羊产羔数影响显著。其中AA、AT、TT 3种基因型个体的平均产羔数分别为1.391、1.101、1.417。AA基因型、TT基因型平均产羔数比AT基因型分别多0.290、0.316个(P<0.05)。AA基因型、TT基因型平均产羔数之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Diseases of the dog and cat, 2nd Edn, Two volumes Edited by S. J. Ettinger
The Veterinary Annual, 23rd Issue Edited by C. S. G. Grunsell and F. W. G. Hill.
Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series, Volume 17) Edited by Jack Blodinger.
Schwerpunkte der Infektionsüberwachung in Versuchstierbeständen Edited by K. Bonath.
Atlas of Haematology of the Dog and Cat P. Keller and U. Freudiger.
A Colour Atlas of Veterinary Pathology Edited by J. M. V. M. Mouwen, and E. C. B. M. de Groot.
Small Animal Surgical Nursing Edited by Diane L. Tracy. Published by C. V. Mosby Company.
Small Animal Radiography Lawrence J. Kleine. Published by C. V. Mosby Company.
Notes on Canine Internal Medicine By P. G. G Darke.
Veterinary Pathology, 5th Edn By T. C. Jones and R. D. Hunt.
Canine and Feline Dermatology—A Systematic Approach By Gene H. Nesbitt.
Clinical Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures, 2nd Edn D. L. Doxey.     

哈萨克羊DRB1基因外显子3多态性及生物信息学分析

试验旨在研究白细胞表面抗原DRB1基因外显子3多态性与哈萨克羊布鲁氏菌病易感性的相关性。运用混合DNA池结合PCR产物直接测序方法,对哈萨克羊DRB1基因外显子3进行多态性分析,经卡方检验分析每个SNP位点的等位基因频率、基因型频率及其多态性与布鲁氏菌病易感性的相关性,利用生物信息学分析软件对PCR扩增所获序列进行RNA二级结构及蛋白质的二级结构和抗原表位分析。结果表明,在282 bp的外显子3序列中共检测到7个SNPs,分别为：T10C、C119T（Trp→Arg）、G215C（Gln→Glu）、A238G、T245G（Ser→Ala）、G256A、C259T,这些位点在病例组和对照组之间的等位基因频率及各基因型间不存在显著性差异（P > 0.05）;进一步分析发现,各突变位点均引起RNA二级结构和最小自由能的改变,各错义突变位点均未引起蛋白质二级结构和抗原表位的改变。由此得出,DRB1基因外显子3的7个SNPs位点（T10C、C119T、G215C、A238G、T245G、G256A和C259T）与哈萨克羊布鲁氏菌病易感性无相关性。     

SNPs Screening and Bioinformatics Analysis of SIM1 Gene in Congjiang Pigs

In this study, Congjiang pig was served as a research object, crossbred pigs (Congjiang pig×boar), outside crossbred pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) as controls.Using DNA pools and direct sequencing detected polymorphism of 7 exons, part of introns and 3'untranslated region (3'-UTR) sequences of SIM1 gene for three groups.Bioinformatics software predicted what impact polymorphic loci had to mRNA secondary structure and protein primary, secondary structure of SIM1 gene.The results showed that 12 SNPs were screened in SIM1 gene of three groups, C77T located in exon 5, T29186C and A29195C located in intron 9, C63T and C225T located in exon 10, and C107T, A426G, T583C, A586C, A605C and A615C located in exon 11, G267T located in 3'-UTR. C77T, T29186C, A29195C, C63T, C225T, C107T and G267T were silent mutations, A426G, T583C, A586C, A605C and A615C were missense mutations.The five missense mutations respectively led to isoleucine (Ile) into valine (Val), leucine (Leu) into proline (Pro), glutamate (Glu) into alanine (Ala), glutamic (Glu) into aspartic (Asp), asparagine (Asn) histidine (His), and according to online software forecast, mRNA secondary structure and protein primary, secondary structure of SIM1 gene changed in mutations before and after.     

The Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene on Reproductive Performance and Immune Function in Dairy Cattle

The present study aimed to assess the effect of polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) promoter (A/A, A/G and G/G) and exons (T/T, T/C and C/C) on immune function and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The occurrence of the first postpartum ovulation within 3 weeks in the cows with the TNF-α promoter A/G and G/G genotypes was higher than in the A/A group. Among the different TNF-α exon genotypes, the occurrence of early first postpartum ovulation was higher in the T/C and C/C genotype groups than in the T/T group. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNF-α gene did not affect the rate of artificial insemination (AI) or duration from parturition to next conception (days open). The apoptosis rate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) did not differ among the TNF-α promoter genotypes, but the PMN transmigration rate was significantly higher for the A/A and A/G genotypes than for the G/G genotype. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA expression in PMNs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before culture was significantly higher for the A/A genotype compared with the G/G genotype. There were no significant differences between the genotypes in the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in PMNs and PBMCs before and 4 h after culture. IL-8 and IL-1β production by PBMCs cultured for 4 h was significantly higher for the animals with the A/A genotype than for those with the G/G genotype. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in IL-8 and IL-1β production by PMNs among different TNF-α genotypes. Taken together, these results suggest that SNP in the TNF-α gene affects immune function and reproductive performance in dairy cows.     

从江香猪SIM1基因SNPs筛查及生物信息学分析

本研究以从江香猪为研究对象,二元杂交猪(从江香猪×野猪)、外三元杂交猪(杜×长×大)为对照,采用DNA池和直接测序技术对3个群体的SIM1基因7个外显子、部分内含子以及3'非翻译区序列进行多态性检测;利用生物信息学软件预测多态位点对SIM1基因mRNA二级结构和蛋白质一级、二级结构的影响。结果表明,在3个群体的SIM1基因中筛查到12个SNPs,C77T位于第5外显子,T29186C、A29195C位于第9内含子,C63T、C225T位于第10外显子,C107T、A426G、T583C、A586C、A605C、A615C位于第11外显子,G267T位于3'非翻译区。其中C77T、T29186C、A29195C、C63T、C225T、C107T、G267T为同义突变,A426G、T583C、A586C、A605C、A615C为错义突变;5个错义突变分别导致异亮氨酸(Ile)变为缬氨酸(Val)、亮氨酸(Leu)变为脯氨酸(Pro)、谷氨酸(Glu)变为丙氨酸(Ala)、谷氨酸(Glu)变为天冬氨酸(Asp)、天冬酰胺(Asn)变为组氨酸(His);根据在线软件预测,突变前后的SIM1基因mRNA二级结构和蛋白质一级、二级结构均会发生改变。     

山羊前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2基因的多态性检测及生物信息学分析

本试验以贵州省3大地方山羊品种贵州白山羊、贵州黑山羊、黔北麻羊和2个省外地方品种关中奶山羊和内蒙古绒山羊为研究对象,采用DNA池结合PCR直接测序法对山羊前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2(prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2,PTGS2)基因进行单核苷酸多态性检测。结果表明,在5个山羊品种中共检测到6个SNPs位点:A96G、C20T、A239G、T192C、T164A和G91C,其中,A96G和T164A分别位于外显子7和外显子8中,且均为同义突变,其余4个变异位点位于内含子中。生物信息学分析显示,外显子7和8中的2个SNPs位点均导致了mRNA二级结构的改变。     

红霉素体外诱导猪链球菌耐药机制研究

2004年在病猪体内分离到一株猪链球菌,通过平板扩散法和微量稀释法药敏试验表明这株链球菌对红霉素敏感。采用这株猪链球菌进行体外诱导试验,在低浓度药物组第165代和高浓度药物组第180代的菌液对红霉素M IC值均达到中介水平。它们的耐药表型均为内在型,而且都扩增到了ermB耐药基因。其中180代菌的23S rRNA碱基1387位A突变成G;它们的核糖体蛋白L4,165代菌碱基104位、585位和633位,分别T突变成C、A突变成G和A突变成G,180代菌碱基283位和651位,分别A突变成G和T突变成G;核糖体蛋白L22,165代和180代菌碱基109位和468位,分别C突变成A和T突变成A,并且165代菌碱基还在426位G突变成A。这些碱基的突变可能是引起猪链球菌对红霉素耐药的原因之一。     

摩拉水牛二酰甘油酰基转移酶2基因的多态性检测

本研究旨在检测水牛二酰甘油酰基转移酶2（diacylglycerolacylt-ransferase,DGAT2）基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）,探究摩拉水牛多态性位点的群体遗传特征。以广西水牛研究所的57头摩拉水牛为材料,PCR扩增DGAT2基因的部分序列（外显子2及内含子2、3）,通过常规测序法检测其SNP,并运用遗传多样性分析软件（POPGENE）和SPSS软件对群体的多态性位点进行基因频率、基因型频率、多态信息含量（PIC）、有效等位基因数（Ne）及遗传杂合度（He）的检测。结果表明,在摩拉水牛DGAT2基因外显子2和内含子2、3上共发现了9个SNPs位点（IVS2.54 G > A、IVS2.158 A > G、EVS2.191 A > G、EVS2.228 A > G、IVS3.311 C > T、IVS3.444 A > G、IVS3.451 A > C、IVS3.466 C > T、IVS3.521 C > T）,其中EVS2.191 A > G位点的突变导致氨基酸由异亮氨酸突变为缬氨酸,突变位点间存在一定程度的连锁遗传但接近连锁平衡状态。从基因频率上看,IVS2.158 A > G、EVS2.191 A > G、IVS3.311 C > T、IVS3.451 A > C、IVS3.466 C > T和IVS3.521 C > T 6个SNPs位点的两个等位基因频率有较大差异,提示等位基因频率较大的基因个体可能更适合生存。9个SNPs位点在摩拉水牛品种上多处于高度多态,杂合度在0.1744~0.4975之间,说明摩拉水牛群体中DGAT2基因遗传多态性丰富,具有较大的育种价值和性状改良潜力。     

Association of polymorphisms for nuclear receptor coactivator 1 gene with egg production traits in the maternal line of Shaobo hens

1. The objectives of the study were to find polymorphic sites and elucidate the association between SNPs in the nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) gene and reproductive traits. 2. SNPs were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. Four SNPs were detected, including T10155007A, T10125838C, G10118492A and G10109315T. Three polymorphisms were associated with total egg production at the age of 300 d and the G10109315T polymorphism was associated with age at first egg. 3. In conclusion, the NCOA1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for reproductive traits in hens.     

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Neutrophil oxidative metabolism and haemogram of sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and supplemented with selenium and vitamin E

The objective of this study was to evaluate neutrophil oxidative metabolism and haemogram in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and supplemented with selenium and vitamin E. Twenty male Corriedale sheep were utilised and distributed into four experimental groups each with five animals infected with larvae: G1‐ supplemented with sodium selenite, 0.2 mg/kg body weight (bw) given intramuscularly (IM); G2‐ supplemented with sodium selenite and vitamin E, 0.2 mg/kg bw and 2000 IU per animal, respectively, both IM; G3‐ supplemented with vitamin E, 2000 IU per animal IM; G4‐ not supplemented. A haemogram and the number of parasite eggs were determined in samples of blood and faeces, respectively, on days zero (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2) and 60 (T3) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assays were performed on heparinized blood samples taken on days zero, 30 and 60. A lower total leucocyte count was detected in G1 in relation to G4 at T4. Lymphocytes were reduced in G1 in relation to G3 and G4 at T3. In both non‐stimulated (NBT‐NS) and stimulated (NBT‐S) dye reduction assays, there was reduced activity at 60 days, in relation to other times in the groups treated with selenium (G1 and G2). On the basis of results obtained, we conclude that supplementation with selenium provides better antioxidant protection to neutrophils.