白绒山羊PH-30基因的克隆及表达

PH-30是参与精卵质膜间相互作用中最有特征性的候选分子之一.为了检测PH-30基因在白绒山羊睾丸中特异表达情况,试验提取公山羊睾丸组织总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,并根据GenBank中公布的3种动物PH-30 cDNA序列的保守区设计1对引物,PCR扩增后纯化回收目的片段,连接pGM-T载体,挑取阳性克隆进行测序,经序列分析鉴定目的片段.结果表明,PCR扩增获得448 bp目的片段,与绵羊PH-30同源性99%.与牛PH-30的同源性为92%.多组织的RT-PCR研究结果表明,该基因只有在自绒山羊睾丸组织中特异性表达,而在其附睾头、体、尾部组织中没有表达.     

半胱亚磺酸脱羧酶(CSD)基因在大鼠睾丸组织中的表达及其序列分析

试验根据大鼠肝脏牛磺酸生物合成关键酶——半胱亚磺酸脱羧酶(CSD)基因已知核苷酸序列,设计了1对特异的寡核苷酸引物,对提取的睾丸组织总RNA进行RT-PCR扩增,扩增出468 bp的DNA片段,在国际上首次证明CSD基因在大鼠睾丸组织中存在表达,即牛磺酸可在大鼠睾丸组织中生物合成。测定了扩增的睾丸组织CSD基因核苷酸序列,并与已知肝脏CSD基因核苷酸序列及其对应的氨基酸序列作了同源性分析。结果表明:睾丸组织CSD基因核苷酸序列同已知肝脏CSD基因核苷酸序列的同源性为99.8%,其对应氨基酸序列的同源性为100%。     

精子黏附分子-1 cDNA的克隆及表达

为了解精子黏附分子-1(SPAM-1)在内蒙古白绒山羊受精中的作用,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了成年白绒山羊睾丸组织中SPAM-1基因,并用RT-PCR技术检测其mRNA在睾丸及附睾中的表达。结果表明获得291bp的SPAM-1基因cDNA序列,且该基因mRNA在睾丸和附睾尾部有表达,而在附睾头部和体部均不表达或低表达。     

乳酸脱氢酶-C4基因mRNA在绵羊睾丸和附睾中的表达研究

实验检测3乳酸脱氢酶-C4基因mRNA在绵羊睾丸和附睾中的表达情况。提取绵羊睾丸组织、附睾头、体、尾部组织总RNA,以此为模板,逆转录合成cDNA,自行设计引物,PCR扩增出347bp的目的DNA。然后,将目的片段克隆入T载体,通过菌液PCR和重组质粒酶切,鉴定重组质粒中的目的DNA。再经序列分析鉴定目的片段。同时,以β-actin为内参照物,进行RT-PCR半定量分析,比较在睾丸、附睾头、体、尾部组织中的表达量。结果表明:乳酸脱氢酶-C4在绵羊睾丸中表达量最多,尾部中表达不明显。     

内蒙古绒山羊BMP-2基因片段克隆与序列分析

该试验以内蒙古绒山羊基因组DNA为模板，利用聚合酶链式反应（PCR技术），对绒山羊BMP-2基因序列进行扩增，并进行序列分析。将质粒测序，所得结果表明，序列与GenBank数据库进行序列同源性比较，绒山羊BMP-2基因与绵羊BMP-2序列比较二者同源性达到99．4％，而与人BMP-2同源区段的同源性达到89％，从而说明最终获得的片段为绒山羊的BMP-2基因片段，并且绒山羊BMP-2基因序列和其他物种的同源性非常高。     

乳酸脱氢酶-C4基因mRNA在绵羊睾丸和降睾中的表达研究

实验检测3乳酸脱氢酶-C4基因mRNA在绵羊睾丸和附睾中的表达情况。提取绵羊睾丸组织、附睾头、体、尾部组织总RNA，以此为模板，逆转录合成cDNA，自行设计引物，PCR扩增出347bp的目的DNA。然后，将目的片段克隆入T载体，通过菌液PCR和重组质粒酶切，鉴定重组质粒中的目的DNA。再经序列分析鉴定目的片段。同时，以β-actin为内参照物，进行RT—PCR半定量分析，比较在睾丸、附睾头、体、尾部组织中的表达量。结果表明：乳酸脱氢酶-C4在绵羊睾丸中表达量最多，尾部中表达不明显。     

内蒙古绒山羊褪黑激素受体1a基因外显子1 克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank上已发表的绵羊(登录号:15U14109)、人(登录号:U14108)、牛(登录号:U73327)、鼠(登录号:U52222)等物种褪黑激素受体(melatonin receptor 1a,MTNR1a)基因 cDNA序列设计引物,以内蒙古绒山羊基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到257 bp的基因片段,将扩增产物进行克隆测序后与GenBank数据库进行序列同源性比较。结果表明,绒山羊MNTR1a基因外显子1序列与已发表的绵羊和牛该基因序列同源性分别为99%和96%,说明所得到的序列为绒山羊MNTR1a基因的外显子1序列。利用DNAStar软件分析,得到该基因序列的257个核苷酸。该序列包括5''UTR 23个核苷酸、翻译起始密码子ATG和N端78个氨基酸编码序列。     

陕北白绒山羊MSX2基因克隆及表达分析

本研究旨在克隆陕北白绒山羊MSX2基因cDNA全序列,并对其序列特征及其表达规律进行分析。试验以陕北白绒山羊皮肤组织为材料,采用RT-PCR技术,对陕北白绒山羊MSX2基因的cDNA序列进行克隆,并进行生物信息学分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测并分析MSX2mRNA在陕北白绒山羊毛囊不同发育时期皮肤组织中的表达规律。结果表明,山羊MSX2基因cDNA全长804bp（GenBank登录号:JQ617290）,为一个完整的开放阅读框（ORF）,编码267个氨基酸,与牛（NM₀01079614）、人（NM₀02449）、犬（NM₀01003098）、黑猩猩（NM₀01135625）、大鼠（NM₀12982）和小鼠（NM₀13601）的相似性分别为96%、90%、89%、88%、87%和85%;MSX2基因在4月和11月的相对表达量出现峰值,与其他月份差异显著（P<0.05）。山羊MSX2基因编码区核苷酸序列高度保守。MSX2基因在陕北白绒山羊皮肤毛囊发育的4月份和11份月高度表达,其余月份均有不同程度的表达,推测MSX2基因对毛囊周期调控具有一定的作用。     

绵羊精子膜蛋白PH-20 mRNA在睾丸和附睾中表达的分析

提取绵羊睾丸总RNA，并以此为模板，采用RT—PCR技术扩增出精子表面特异性蛋白PH-20的cDNA。应用T／A克隆策略，将扩增的PH-20基因克隆入T栽体，通过酶切和测序进行鉴定，结果表明，PH-20 mRNA在绵羊睾丸和附睾中均有表达。     

水牛水通道蛋白9基因克隆及其表达分析

本研究旨在对水牛水通道蛋白9 (aquaporins 9,AQP9) 基因进行克隆,并对其在水牛不同组织中的表达规律及其在水牛卵巢和睾丸组织中的表达差异进行探索。根据GenBank上黄牛AQP9基因序列(登录号:NM_001205833.1)设计特异性引物,以水牛睾丸组织cDNA为模板,应用RT-PCR方法扩增AQP9基因编码区片段;运用生物信息学方法分析其核苷酸序列的保守性和氨基酸的理化性质;应用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析AQP9基因在水牛组织中的表达情况;免疫组织化学方法分析AQP9蛋白在不同发育阶段水牛卵泡及睾丸组织中的表达差异。结果表明,克隆获得了888 bp的水牛AQP9基因编码区序列,其编码295个氨基酸。多重序列比较显示,水牛AQP9核苷酸序列与牛、猪、绵羊和人相应序列相似性分别为99%、90%、97%、88%;氨基酸序列的同源性分别为99%、86%、97%、83%,系统进化树分析结果推测,AQP9基因在物种进化过程中具有高度保守性。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,AQP9基因在水牛肝脏、肺脏、大脑、皮肤、睾丸和卵巢组织中有不同程度的表达,在肝脏组织中表达最高,皮肤和睾丸次之,肺脏和卵巢表达较低。免疫组化结果显示,在卵巢组织中,AQP9蛋白表达随卵泡发育时期的不同而变化,并随着卵泡发育其表达逐渐增强;在睾丸组织中,AQP9蛋白在各级精母细胞和间质细胞中均有表达。结果提示,成功克隆得到水牛AQP9基因序列;AQP9在水牛卵巢和睾丸中的表达及其功能可能与水牛卵泡发育和精子发生有重要的关联。     

精子受精抗原-1(FA-1) mRNA在绵羊睾丸和附睾中的表达

本研究通过RT-PCR检测了该基因在绵羊睾丸和附睾中的表达情况。首先,提取绵羊睾丸组织、附睾头、体、尾部组织总RNA,以此为模板,反转录合成cDNA,自行设计引物,PCR扩增出462 bp的目的DNA。然后,将目的片断克隆入T载体,通过菌液PCR和重组质粒酶切,鉴定重组质粒中的目的DNA。再经序列分析鉴定目的片断。同时,以β-actin为内参照物,进行RT-PCR半定量分析,比较精子受精抗原(FA-1)在睾丸、附睾头、体、尾组织中的表达量。结果表明,FA-1在绵羊睾丸和附睾中均表达。     

基于RNA-seq数据筛选鸡睾丸附睾间差异表达基因及其功能分析

本文旨在通过对种公鸡睾丸和附睾进行转录组测序和生物信息学分析,筛选出2种组织中的差异表达基因并分析其生物学功能,探究睾丸和附睾在鸡精子发生和成熟过程中的作用.本研究共以8只公鸡的睾丸和附睾组织为对象,采用RNA-seq技术分析2种组织中的基因表达情况,筛选出差异表达基因并对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG通路富集分析.结...     

Epididymis Ligation: A Minimally Invasive Technique for Preparation of Teaser Rams

Objective— To describe a minimally invasive technique for preparation of teaser rams by needle-assisted ligation through the tail of the epididymis.
Study Design— Experimental study.
Animals— Mature rams (n=6), estrus-induced ewes (2).
Methods— After local anesthesia, epididymis ligation was achieved by restraining the testis distally within the scrotal sac and passing suture through a hypodermic needle inserted between tail of epididymis and distal pole of testis, caudomedial to craniolateral through the scrotum. The needle was removed leaving the suture in place and the testis pushed up dorsally, then the needle was reinserted through the original holes and the suture passed back through the needle, which was withdrawn. This resulted in the suture forming a complete loop around the epididymis. The suture ends were tied ligating the epididymis. Semen was evaluated pre- and postligation. Testes were removed after 30 days for gross and histologic examination.
Results— Epididymis ligation was accomplished without postoperative complications. Three weeks after the epididymis ligation, no motile and live spermatozoa were found in ejaculates. From 5 to 28 days after epididymis ligation, attraction to ewes and libido was unchanged and similar to 14 days before ligation.
Conclusions— This novel minimally invasive technique is a simple, alternative method for preparation of teaser rams.
Clinical Relevance— This method is simply performed, without skin wounds, and minimal postoperative care is needed. The technique should be readily adaptable to other species.     

Monorchidism in three colts

Three monorchid colts were admitted for castration as cryptorchids. Two colts each had one normal descended testis, and the third colt had a small testis in the abdomen. Monorchidism was diagnosed at surgery by locating an incomplete epididymis without a testis. After the incomplete epididymis and other testis were removed, the absence of testicular tissue was confirmed by results of a human chorionic gonadotropin response test.     

性成熟前不同日龄伊拉兔睾丸和附睾形态学与组织学特征

【目的】探究不同日龄伊拉兔睾丸和附睾组织在性成熟前的变化规律,为其初情期及性成熟的判定提供组织学依据。【方法】将45只伊拉兔随机分为9组,每组5只,从30日龄开始每隔15日采集1组试验兔的睾丸及其附睾,运用形态学与组织解剖学方法对其生长发育规律进行研究分析。【结果】随着日龄的增加,睾丸指数、睾丸重、睾丸长径、睾丸短径及厚径等指标逐步增加,且150日龄时各指标均显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）;30、45、60日龄睾丸内生精小管排列稀疏,75、90、105日龄时睾丸间质成分逐渐增多,管腔逐步形成,120、135、150日龄时间质细胞进一步增生并成群分布,90日龄起出现圆形和长形未成型精子,120日龄的睾丸生精小管、附睾管腔中出现少量成型精子,150日龄时有大量精子密集分布于睾丸管腔内,且在120、135、150日龄时生精小管面积、上皮细胞厚度、支持细胞数均显著大于其他组（P＜0.05）;30日龄以上各组间质细胞个数在各组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但均显著高于30日龄;120、135、150日龄时附睾头、体、尾的直径均极显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,而附睾头的柱状上皮厚度和纤毛长度则从105日龄起就显著高于30、45、60、75和90日龄组（P＜0.05）。【结论】伊拉兔睾丸和附睾随日龄增加同步发育,在120日龄时达到初情期,在150日龄时睾丸和附睾已发育成熟,基本达到性成熟。     

驯鹿β-防御素-1(reBD-1)mRNA在驯鹿组织器官中的表达检测

为了检测reBD-1 mRNA在驯鹿体内可能的表达器官,研究根据已知的reBD-1 cDNA序列设计了一对预计扩增产物为121 bp的引物,以驯鹿舌、食管、瘤胃、网胃、皱胃、十二指肠、回肠、结肠、肝、肺、气管、肾、膀胱、睾丸、附睾、心脏、脾脏中提取的总RNA为模板,采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)技术检测驯鹿的上述器官内reBD-1 mRNA的表达情况.结果显示:reBD-1 mRNA在上述组织器官中均有表达,其中在舌、瘤胃、睾丸中表达最强;在食管、十二指肠、结肠、气管、脾脏中有中等量的表达;在网胃、皱胃、回肠、肝、肺、肾、膀胱、附睾、心脏内的表达较弱.β-防御素reBD-1在驯鹿体内的广泛表达提示reBD-1有助于驯鹿的先天性宿主防御.     

Effects of age and gonadal steroids on the localization of antigen presenting cells in the epididymis of the male chicken, Gallus domesticus

The goal of this study was to localize antigen presenting cells (APC), which may play roles in defense against pathogens and fertility, and examine the effects of age and gonadal steroids on their population in the rooster epididymis. Healthy White Leghorn male birds (immature 60-day-old birds; matured 150-, 330-, and 550-day-old), and immature birds treated with testosterone propionate (TP) or estradiol benzoate (EB) for 3 or 6 days were used. Cryostat sections of the epididymis and ductus deference were immunostained for Ia to identify APC. RT-PCR was performed to confirm the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) mRNA in the epididymis. Ia+ cells were localized in the surface epithelium and subepithelial layer of the ductules and occasionally in the luminal content of the epididymis and ductus deference. RT-PCR analysis confirmed expression of MHC class II mRNA in the epididymis, ductus deferens, testis, and spleen. The frequency of Ia+ cells in the subepithelial layer was significantly greater in the proximal efferent ductules than in the other two types of ductules in the epididymis of 550-day-old birds. Although there were no significant differences in the frequencies in the subepithelial layer of the proximal efferent ductules between 60- and 150-day-old birds, the frequencies were significantly greater in 330- and 550-day-old birds than in 60-day-old birds. The frequencies of Ia+ cells in the ductus deferences was increased in the 150-day-old birds compared with the 60-day-old birds, with a larger increase in 330- and 550-day-old birds. The Ia+ cell frequency was significantly increased by EB-injection, but not by TP-injection, on Days 3 and 6 of injection compared with Day 0. These results suggest that the population of APC in the epididymis increases with age after sexual maturation, and estrogen may be one of the factors involved in induction of Ia+ cells.