大豆菌核病田间快速接种鉴定方法研究

【目的】在大田环境下建立快速有效的大豆菌核病田间接种鉴定方法,为大豆抗菌核病育种服务。【方法】采用收集不同地区和寄主来源的菌核病分离物,经PDA培养基再生培养,再接种麦粒形成麦粒接种体,利用微创结合锡箔纸捆绑麦粒接种体的方法建立大豆菌核病田间接种鉴定方法。【结果】不同大豆种质间的病情指数和病斑长度存在显著差异,不同分离物间的病情指数和病斑长度也存在显著差异,而重复间的病情指数和病斑长度差异不显著,病斑长度与病情指数呈极显著正相关(r=0.8301,P0.0001)。【结论】该大豆菌核病田间接种鉴定方法能够有效地对大豆菌核病分离物的致病性和大豆植株抗性进行鉴定和筛选,可用于大豆抗菌核病育种。     

应县小黑豆与大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种互作关系研究

对抗病品种应县小黑豆与大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种(SCN3)互作及田间动态关系进行了研究.结果表明:应县小黑豆为抗扩展品种,对SCN3明显抑制J2向J3,J3向J4的发育,并且对SCN3的雌雄分化有一定影响.在抗病植株上观察到的J4大部分是雄虫,雌虫极少,而感病品种辽豆15上,SCN3各龄期之间发育正常,根内J4大部分为雌虫.应用冰冻切片技术对线虫侵染后抗感品种根系组织进行切片观察.观察结果表明:抗感品种的组织病理学反应有明显差异,抗病品种产生明显的组织病理学反应,表现为根内线虫虫体附近根组织细胞有坏死现象发生,而感病品种辽豆15则无坏死现象.并且观察到了抗病品种根内产生的合胞体.     

不同播种期对大豆生长发育的影响

研究了不同播种期对大豆[Glycine max (Linn.)Merr.]生长发育进程的影响.结果表明,大豆生育期随着播种期的延迟而缩短,大豆播种期早迟与生育期长短呈显著正相关；不同播种期对大豆的株高、主茎出叶数、叶面积指数都有很大的影响,随着播种期的延迟,株高、主茎出叶数、叶面积指数最大值均呈下降趋势.     

大豆胞囊线虫生理小种及其SSR标记研究进展

大豆胞囊线虫病（Heterodera glycines Ichinohe）是世界上大豆生产的毁灭性病害之一。胞囊线虫本身具有异质性存在生理分化,因此该病极难控制;选育抗病品种是控制该病害最有效的措施,而SSR标记是分子辅助选育抗胞囊线虫新品种选育和抗性鉴定的重要手段之一。通过概述大豆胞囊线虫各生理小种在我国的分布情况、...     

钾肥用量对夏大豆干物质、养分累积和产量的影响

为探讨大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]适宜的钾肥施用量,于2017年和2018年在河南省临颍县开展2年田间试验,设K2O用量分别为0、60、120、180 kg/hm24个钾肥梯度,分析了不同钾肥用量对大豆干物质、养分累积、产量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响。结果表明,大豆干物质累积量及钾素累积量随着生育期的推进不断增加,开花结荚期至鼓粒期干物质累积速度较快。2017年,成熟期大豆干物质累积量随着施钾量增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,钾素累积量则随施钾量的增加先降低后增加;2018年成熟期干物质累积量和钾素累积量均随着施钾量增加而增加。2017年所有处理间大豆产量差异均不显著,2018年各施钾处理比对照增产34.3%～52.7%,差异均达显著水平,且2018年以K2O用量为120 kg/hm2时产量最高,且该施肥处理的增产效益也最高。因此,豫中地区推荐施钾肥量为K2O 120 kg/hm2。     

大豆胞囊线虫的生理小种鉴定结果(Ⅱ)

从我国北方大豆产区采集线虫土样,应用 A.M.Golden 等的方法和鉴别品种 Lee、Pickett、Peking、PI88788和PI00763等,于每年5月至9月在室外试验围内进厅盆栽鉴定。第二批鉴定的9份土样,共鉴定出大豆胞囊线虫的三个生理小种。即1号、3号和4号生理小种,其中1号小种来自辽宁省的义县和旅顺;3号小种分布在辽宁省沈阳市苏家屯、抚顺市、开原县、凤城县;黑龙江省的富裕县,内蒙古科左中旗的保康;4号小种采自山西省的太原市。     

黄淮海大豆新品种(系)在江汉平原的引种表现

为了便于从黄淮海大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]新品种(系)中筛选出适应在江汉平原种植的高产大豆品种(系),以新引进的13个新育成的黄淮海大豆品种(系)为研究对象,利用灰色关联分析结合相关分析法解析大豆产量相关主要农艺性状的主次关系及农艺性状间的相互关系。结果表明,单株粒重和有效分枝数与大豆产量呈极显著正相关,单株粒数与产量呈显著正相关;在灰色关联分析中,各农艺性状与产量的关联度排序为单株粒重(0.805)有效分枝数(0.763)生育期(0.746)单株粒数(0.745)开花期(0.727)百粒重(0.715)主茎节数(0.702)株高(0.698)单株有效荚数(0.691)。相关性分析与灰色关联度分析的研究结果一致说明,对大豆产量影响最大的农艺性状是单株粒重和有效分枝数,对新引进品种的选择和评价上注重单株粒重和有效分枝数更容易获得高产的品种(系)。同时,明确主要农艺性状对大豆产量影响的主次关系,也可为长江流域鄂中地区新品种选育、鉴定及推广提供参考。     

大豆异黄酮及其组分含量的配合力和杂种优势

 为了能在大豆异黄酮及其组分的育种中合理选配亲本，利用杂种优势，本研究选用8个异黄酮含量不同的大豆品种采用NCⅡ设计配置杂交组合，对大豆籽粒异黄酮及其组分含量进行遗传分析。研究结果表明，大豆籽粒异黄酮及其组分含量在供试品种间表现有明显的差异，籽粒异黄酮含量和黄豆甙元既受加性效应又受非加性效应的控制，染料木甙主要受非加性效应控制，染料木素、大豆甙元和大豆甙这3个性状的遗传主要受加性效应控制；不同亲本组配的不同组合的GCA和SCA差异较大。在中亲优势测定中，除黄豆甙元含量和大豆甙表现为正向超亲外，其余性状均表现为负向超亲。本研究认为在大豆高异黄酮育种中应选择高异黄酮材料作为亲本之一，选配组合时亲本最好采用高×高类型或高×低类型配置组合。     

大豆杂交亲本对F2代群体子粒蛋白质及脂肪含量的影响

为了探索不同大豆[Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.]杂交亲本组合F2代群体子粒蛋白质和脂肪的遗传规律,分别以高蛋白质材料冀豆12和高油材料沧豆6号为母本配制杂交组合13个,对F2代群体单株蛋白质和脂肪含量进行测定.结果表明,F2代群体子粒蛋白质含量与母本相关程度较高,同一群体内蛋白质含量呈正态分布;F2代...     

Sampling Survey and Identification of Races of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) in Huang-Huai Valleys

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is one of the most important nationwide soybean diseases in China. A total of 38 soil specimens or locations in the area was sampled and tested for SCN races during 2001-2003 for the inspection of race distribution in Huang-Huai Valleys. A map of race distribution was constructed according to the data from both the present study and the published reports cited. Three areas, namely, the area of southeast to Jinan in Shangdong Province; the area of northern Henan Province and its border region to south of Hebei Province; and the area of Luohe, Zhoukou of Henan Province and Fuyang of Anhui Province mainly infested with Race 1 were identified. Race 4 was predominant in Shanxi Province, Beijing and the adjacent area of Henan, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, and the delta of Huanghe River in Shandong Province. Race 2 was mainly found in Liaocheng, Dezhou of Shangdong Province and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, and Jiaozuo and Huojia of Henan Province. Race 7 was distributed in the west part of Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province and Kaifeng, Huaxian, Wenxian of Henan Province. Race 5 was found and scattered in Hebei and Henan Province. Race 9 was found in Shangqiu of Henan Province, which was reported for the first time in China. It can be seen that Race 1 and Race 4 were the two predominant races in Huang-Huai Valleys, and that research should focus on developing resistant cultivars of these races. There might exist other races in an area with some predominant races. The race substitution in the past decade was not obviously found, therefore, the results should be meaningful to future breeding for resistance to SCN in Huang-Huai Valleys.     

Sampling Survey and Identification of Races of Soybean Cyst Nematode （Heterodera glycines Ichinohe） in Huang-Huai Valleys

Soybean cyst nematode （SCN Heterodera glycines Ichinohe） is one of the most important nationwide soybean diseases in China. A total of 38 soil specimens or locations in the area was sampled and tested for SCN races during 2001-2003 for the inspection of race distribution in Huang-Huai Valleys. A map of race distribution was constructed according to the data from both the present study and the published reports cited. Three areas, namely, the area of southeast to Jinan in Shangdong Province; the area of northern Henan Province and its border region to south of Hebei Province; and the area of Luohe, Zhoukou of Henan Province and Fuyang of Anhui Province mainly infested with Race 1 were identified. Race 4 was predominant in Shanxi Province, Beijing and the adjacent area of Henan, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, and the delta of Huanghe River in Shandong Province. Race 2 was mainly found in Liaocheng, Dezhou of Shangdong Province and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, and Jiaozuo and Huojia of Henan Province. Race 7 was distributed in the west part of Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province and Kaifeng, Huaxian, Wenxian of Henan Province. Race 5 was found and scattered in Hebei and Henan Province. Race 9 was found in Shangqiu of Henan Province, which was reported for the first time in China. It can be seen that Race 1 and Race 4 were the two predominant races in Huang-Huai Valleys, and that research should focus on developing resistant cultivars of these races. There might exist other races in an area with some predominant races. The race substitution in the past decade was not obviously found, therefore, the results should be meaningful to future breeding for resistance to SCN in Huang-Huai Valleys.     

大豆抗胞囊线虫基因不同世代遗传率的变化

大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)是我国大豆的主要病害之一,研究大豆对胞囊线虫的抗性遗传对于培育抗病品种有重要意义。将大豆Essex×ZDD2315组合衍生的后代F2、F2∶3、BC1F2和BC1F4分别接种大豆胞囊线虫1号和4号生理小种,以研究大豆抗胞囊线虫基因不同世代抗性遗传率的变化。结果表明:ZDD2315对1号生理小种的抗性受主效基因控制,未发现多基因效应,在F2∶3、BC1F2和BC1F4世代,主基因遗传率分别为62.15%、72.02%和90.91%;ZDD2315对4号生理小种的抗性受主基因和多基因控制,在F2、F2∶3、BC1F2和BC1F4世代,主基因遗传率分别为65.03%、57.81%、67.76%和95.91%。说明大豆对胞囊线虫1号和4号生理小种的抗性主要受主效基因控制,主基因遗传率比较高,但不同世代检测到的主基因数不同,不同世代主基因遗传率不同,随着世代的提高,主基因遗传率也在提高,因此,育种上高世代选择效果更佳。     

大豆胞囊线虫病生物防治研究进展

大豆胞囊线虫病的生物防治是有效控制大豆胞囊线虫群体的重要措施。通过对各种生物防治方法的逐渐深入研究,生物防治这一措施将在大豆生产上有效控制大豆胞囊线虫的发生与为害发挥重要作用。对近年来沈阳农业大学植物线虫研究室及部分国内外的线虫研究室在大豆胞囊线虫病生物防治方面的研究进展进行了综述,研讨过去生防措施的利弊,探索大豆胞囊线虫病生物防治的新方法,为有效控制大豆胞囊线虫病开辟新的途径。     

中国大豆胞囊线虫的形态学观察

从辽宁、黑龙江、山东和山西４省６个地点采集大豆胞囊线虫标本，制成雌虫、雄虫、胞囊、阴门锥和２龄幼虫的永久封片，在光学显微镜下进行了形态学的系统观察及电镜扫描，并与日本、美国的大豆胞囊线虫做了形态学比较。我国４省６个地点的大豆胞囊线虫的各个虫态的形态基本相同，与日本、美国的资料基本一致，为同一个种ＨｅｔｅｒｏｄｅｒａｇｌｙｃｉｎｅｓＩｃｈｉｎｏｈｅ．     

Effect of Plant Density on Modern Soybean Cultivars Released from Ohio and Liaoning

Seeding rate is an important management practice for soybean production.Chinese and U.S.soybean growers use different seeding rates,and breeders in the two countries have developed cultivars adapted to respective plant densities.The objective of this study was to compare the effect of plant density on cultivars recently released in different breeding programs, using four cultivars developed in Liaoning,China and four in Ohio, USA.We used 3 plant density treatments (7.5,15.0,22.5 x 104 plants/hm2) and assessed yield and agronomic traits from 2004 to 2006 in Liaoning.There was no significant effect of plant density on yield for either group of the cultivars. The average yield of Ohio cultivars was higher than that of Liaoning cultivars,and there was no significant interaction between plant density and cultivar for all the assessed traits.The plant height of Liaoning cultivars was significantly higher than that of Ohio cultivars,and there was a significant effect of plant density on plant height.The average branch number of Ohio cultivars was larger than that of Liaoning cultivars;higher plant density reduced the branch number per plant greatly. Plant density had a significant effect on the node number and internode length, Liaoning cultivars generally had longer internode length.Plant density had a significant effect on seed yield: stem ratio, as the plant density increased the seed yield: stem ratio decreased for both groups of cultivars.However,100-seed weight was not affected by plant density.     

应用双倍PCR技术快速检测大豆胞囊线虫

描述了一种基于双倍PCR技术，用种特异性引物快速鉴定大一啼胞囊线虫方法。应用两组引物扩增胞囊线虫的rDNA。第一组引物含有2个通用引物D3A和D3B，用于扩增大亚基核糖体基因（28S rDNAgene）的D3扩展区；第二组引物包括大豆胞囊线虫特异性引物GlyF1和一个通用引物rDNA2，用于扩增ITS2区的片断和部分28S基因，用此双倍PCR扩增技术检测了来自中国、俄罗斯、美国和巴西的53个大豆胞囊线虫群体，结果表明，用两组引物进行双倍PCR扩增，所有53个大豆胞囊线虫群体都产生两个明显的片断（181bp and 345 bp），其中181bp片断是SCN特异性引物GlyF1和rDNA2扩增出大豆胞囊线虫中特异性片断，在所测试的其它胞囊线虫群体，仅仅扩增出345bp的片断，而不能扩增出大豆胞囊线虫的特异性片断，用该项技术能从大豆胞囊经一虫的胞囊或单头二龄幼虫的微量DNA中，扩增出大豆胞囊线虫的特异性片断，该技术的敏感性达到单条二龄幼虫的水平。