烯效唑对‘夏黑’葡萄新梢生长和果实品质的影响

以7年生‘贝达’砧‘夏黑’葡萄为试材,研究喷施不同浓度烯效唑对葡萄新梢生长、副梢萌发、果实品质和1年生成熟枝条贮藏营养的影响。结果表明,200 mg/kg烯效唑(T3)处理能显著抑制新梢生长,显著减小节间长度,显著抑制副梢萌发,增大果穗,果实品质没有明显下降,对葡萄生长没有不良影响。     

交替根区灌溉和施氮量对葡萄幼树生长特性的影响

该试验采用盆栽进行。以2年生‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,设置不同灌溉方式(传统双侧滴灌、固定根区滴灌、交替根区滴灌)和施氮水平(0.4、0.8、1.2 g/kg土,依次记为低氮、中氮、高氮),研究根区交替灌溉与不同施氮量对葡萄生长特性的影响。结果表明,灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,在新梢修剪前,新梢长度表现传统双侧滴灌最长(77.22 cm)、交替根区滴灌居中(68.53 cm)、固定根区滴灌最短(64.50 cm)。交替根区滴灌和固定根区滴灌的新梢长度依次比传统双侧滴灌降低11.3%、16.5%;葡萄新梢修剪量依次降低10.8%、21.3%。同一灌溉方式下,随着施氮量的增加,新梢修剪量增加。与传统双侧滴灌相比,交替根区滴灌叶面积略有降低,固定根区滴灌叶面积显著降低,在局部根区滴灌2种方式下,随着施氮量的增加,叶面积均呈上升趋势,中氮和高氮处理差异不显著;在传统双侧滴灌方式下,随着施氮量的增加,叶面积先增加后降低。综合考虑不同水氮耦合处理,交替滴灌与中氮互作能够在减少灌溉量和施氮量的条件下优化树体生长。     

九个葡萄品种在石河子垦区的生长特性

调查9个不同的葡萄品种在石河子垦区栽培的生长特性.结果表明:所选品种分早熟、中熟和晚熟3类,表现为开花期和果实成熟期有差异.植株叶面积、茎节长度和新梢生长动态为单S型曲线,即5月30日之前为缓慢生长, 6月5日开始进入快速生长.通过LSD多重比较,克伦森的新梢生长量和节间较长,为高植株大叶品种;京早晶、高墨次之;无核紫的新梢生长量极显著小于其他品种,节间较短,为低植株中等叶品种;黑大粒为小叶品种.其余为中低植株品种.     

不同断根方式对“鄞红”葡萄生长及品质的影响

以"鄞红"葡萄为材料,研究移栽和切根两种断根方式对其长势和品质的影响。结果表明,移栽能提高鄞红葡萄根系长度、鲜重和粗度;切根能抑制鄞红葡萄叶面积和新梢茎的生长;两种断根处理后葡萄中可溶性固形物、总糖和花色苷含量上升,尤其切根处理促进效果更显著。本试验结果可为控制该品种葡萄的长势,提高其品质提供理论依据。     

葡萄新梢长度与叶面积的关系

以红地球葡萄为试材,分析了葡萄新梢长度与其总叶面积的相关性,提出了可以采用测量新梢长度和新梢数量来计算全株或全园叶面积系数的方法。同时还总结出,对于棚架红地球葡萄的合理负载,即每平方米有效架面留8个新梢、4～6穗果,就可达到叶面积系数1.8～2.3之间,并获得优质、适度丰产的经济效益。     

葡萄早期新梢生长动力学研究初探

本文以中国主要野生葡萄、欧洲葡萄、美洲葡萄、河岸葡萄及欧美杂交葡萄为试材,对葡萄属植物早期新梢生长动力学进行了较为详细研究。结果表明,葡萄植物新梢早期快速生长阶段的生长曲线,除可用指数模型(L=L_0e~(Rt))模拟外,还可以用一元线性模型(L=a+bt)进行模拟,但两种模型的参数所代表的生物学意义不同;其中一元线性模型中的回归系数 b(称为生长系数),能够反映不同葡萄种类的生长势强弱,可作为葡萄生长势强弱的一个数量化指标,同时还对其他参数的生物学意义作了一定说明。     

山葡萄冬季修剪要点

山葡萄近几年在我区得到了很大发展。笔者根据山葡萄具有长势旺、节间较长、枝梢抽生次数多等生物学特性 ,并考虑我区葡萄生长期处在高温高湿的环境等特性 ,对山葡萄实施有别于北方葡萄的方法进行冬剪。通过几年的实践 ,取得理想效果 ,现将方法介绍如下。1　冬剪时期桂北地区于 1月上旬～ 2月中旬修剪最为适宜。过早养分未回流 ,过迟则伤流严重 ,对葡萄生长不利 ,影响来年产量。2　修剪长度由于山葡萄长势很旺、节间较长 ,所以适宜采用以中、长梢修剪为主 ,适当配合短梢修剪方法进行。即修剪时大多数每枝留 7～ 1 2个芽 (长梢修剪 )和 5～ 6…     

根域限制对“鄞红”葡萄长势及品质的影响

以"鄞红"葡萄为材料,研究根域限制对其长势和品质的影响。结果表明,根域限制能明显抑制新梢茎周长、枝节长度、叶面积,降幅最大的是叶面积为50.64%;能促进根系数量、二级三级侧根数,以二极根数增幅最大,为69.24%;能增加果实可溶性固形物、总糖和花色苷含量,增幅最大是花色苷含量,为26.09%。综上所述,采用根域限制栽培在控制葡萄枝蔓伸展、节间长度、根系平均数量、提高果实品质上具有很好的效果。本试验结果可为该品种葡萄根域限制栽培模式的推广应用提供理论依据。     

山楂幼树结果新梢叶面积的简易求算

山楂树由结果母校上的花芽抽生的结果枝,为结果新梢。结果新梢具有一定的局部营养特性,结果新梢上的叶片对生长和结果起着相应的制约作用,因此测量结果新梢的叶面积具有直接的实践意义、为了方便求算作了粗浅的调查分析。 调查在1986年秋进行;品种为莱西绵球;4年生初结果树;树体长势壮旺。用方格板法随机测量不同类型结果新梢上的叶面积,然后量取叶片的长、宽、结果新梢长度及其上着生的叶片数等。在随机调查样本中取150个结果新梢的调查结果进行统计分析。 单叶面积的简易求算 多数果树叶片单叶面积的求算都可采用纵横径相乘再乘系数的办法…     

根域限制栽培对美人指葡萄生长和结果的影响初报

针对美人指葡萄在浙江余姚地区生长旺、花芽难形成、果实着色差和产量低的现象,于2004年进行根域限制栽培试验。结果表明,采用根域限制栽培技术,可明显缓和美人指葡萄的长势,减少新梢生长量,缩短节间长度,增加果实粒重和可溶性固形物含量;翌春萌芽率、成枝率和果枝率明显提高,花穗数量尤其是优级花穗数量显著增加。     

新疆吐鲁番地区‘无核白’葡萄水分和矿质元素周年吸收规律研究

为探究新疆吐鲁番地区‘无核白’葡萄水分和矿质元素的周年吸收规律,以4年生‘无核白’葡萄为试材,采用密闭式营养液循环供给系统栽培,避免了水分和矿质元素的流失,并设置低、中、高浓度(0.5、1.0和1.5倍标准配方浓度)的Hoagland营养液处理。在葡萄植株的生长发育过程中持续测定营养生长(新梢长度、新梢粗度、叶片面积)和生殖生长(果粒横径、果粒纵径、单果质量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸)指标,检测和计算了不同发育阶段葡萄植株对水分和矿质元素的吸收量,并测定葡萄叶片和果实中矿质元素的含量变化。结果表明,中浓度营养液栽培的‘无核白’葡萄长势中庸,果实品质最佳,作为吐鲁番地区葡萄水分和矿质营养吸收量的参考依据,其生理需水量为每年4 149.5m~3·hm~(-2),矿质元素每公顷的吸收量分别为N 227.9 kg,P 22.9 kg,K 325.9 kg,Ca 341.8 kg,Mg 117.8 kg,Fe 1.9 kg,Mn 460.6 g,Cu 182.3 g,Zn 198.1 g,B 728.3 g。花后47~75 d,‘无核白’葡萄植株的水分和矿质元素吸收速率最大。叶片和果实中的矿质元素含量总体呈高浓度营养液处理中浓度营养液处理低浓度营养液处理的趋势。     

A set of vegetative morphological variables to objectively estimate apple (Malus × domestica) tree orchard vigour

Orchard vigour, defined as the intensity of vegetative growth, is an important indicator for crop management in fruit tree cropping systems. It is often evaluated in commercial plots by experts on a non-formalised basis or measured with a single variable known as trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). In this article, we proposed a set of 11 tree or plot morphological vegetative variables for apple orchards and applied it on 117 farm plots in south-eastern France. Relationships between variables were studied by component analysis (CA) and plots were classified into four clusters according to the first two factors of the CA. These modelled vigour marks were compared to expert vigour marks on 14 plots. Plot modelled vigour classification was re-estimated with only three morphological variables and compared to the original classification. These morphological variables were: TCSA, number of water sprouts on the trunk and length of annual shoot at the distal part of fruiting branches at the bottom of the tree. The first three factors of the CA correspond to vegetative growth intensity, opposition between annual and cumulative growth and vigour balance, respectively. Modelled and expert plot vigour classifications were generally in agreement, except in the case of heterogeneous plots. Re-estimated and original modelled classifications were also in agreement, except in the case of older and more vigorous orchards. Results showed that plot vigour modelling based on these three morphological variables may be relevant. TCSA thus did not appear to be sufficient. Results are discussed in relation to plant architecture features.     

根域加温对促成栽培绯红葡萄生长发育的影响

连续2年以“Y”形整枝的2年生葡萄绯红(VitisviniferaL.cv.Cardinal)品种为试材,在超早促成栽培的早期进行根域土壤加温处理,探讨其对根域土壤温度、树体发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明,根域加温提高促成栽培早期土壤温度约10℃,各物候期均早于未加温处理2～5d,新梢生长好,叶面积大;花穗发育好,单株果穗数显著增加;果汁含糖量和果皮花青素含量增加,可滴定酸降低,果实品质提高;果粒重量、果穗重量和单株产量均显著高于未加温处理。并就根域加温效果的形成机理进行了探讨。     

葡萄的“高垂”整形(续)

<正> 二、多主蔓扇形改造高宽垂整形试验 试验一(1981～1985) 1981年于郑州市岔河园林场,在行株距为3×1米的金后品种上改造0.7亩,共4行155株。以该园的18亩和27亩两个小区为对照1和2.     

Relations Between Growth of Leaves,Fruit and Shoot of Glasshouse Tomato Plants

The weekly rates of shoot extension and total growth in leaf length of the glasshouse tomato variety Potentate increased from germination until soon after the start of ovary swelling. It is postulated that when, or soon after, the first flower primordia were initiated, an internal reaction was stimulated that eventually resulted in the cessation of the progressive increase in the rates of shoot extension and growth in leaf length. Increase in the rate of vegetative growth ceased soon after the start of ovary swelling, but this occurred even when no ovaries were allowed to swell.

The diameter of the shoot was unaffected by removal of leaves but increased when no fruits were allowed to develop. Conversely, shoot extension growth was unaffected by removal of fruit but decreased when alternate immature leaves were removed, although the removal of mature leaves had no effect on shoot extension growth.

Removal of leaves was associated with a reduction in total fruit volume and an increase in total leaf length.

Removal of immature fruit was associated with an increase in total leaf length. Removal of alternate immature fruits had little effect on total fruit . volume ; the difference between normally fruiting plants and plants from which alternate fruits had been removed was less than 0?5%.     

Vine growth and nitrogen metabolism of ‘Fujiminori’ grapevines in response to root restriction

Two-year-old ‘Fujiminori’ grapevines (Vitis Venifera × V. Labrasca) planted in plastic pots (10 L) were used to evaluate vine growth and nitrogen metabolism in response to root restriction. Results show that root restriction reduced shoot growth and photosynthetic rate, but promoted root growth in vines. NO₃⁻-N concentration in all plant parts, and total N concentrations in brown roots and new leaves were decreased by root restriction, and chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in mature leaves were also reduced. Nitrate and nitrite reductase activities in brown roots and mature leaves were significantly reduced in root-restricted vines. The results suggest that the reduction of nitrate and nitrite reductase activities caused the inhibition of nitrogen assimilation, and this might be an important reason for root restriction inhibiting shoot growth.     

NaCl胁迫对补血草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过用不同浓度的NaCl胁迫,测定了补血草种子的发芽率、相对发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、相对盐害率、叶长叶宽、芽长根长等指标.结果表明:低浓度的盐对补血草种子的各项指标影响不大,但高浓度的盐严重抑制了其萌发和幼苗生长.     

多效唑调控辣椒幼苗试验

在辣椒３－４叶期，以浓度５－２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的多效唑喷雾或撒药土处理幼苗，视苗情施用１－２次，可促使发根，抑制茎叶徒长，有利于培育壮苗。但不能用于浸种，也不宜在辣椒３叶期以前施用。     

Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide on Vegetative Growth,Yield, and Fruit Quality of Fig cv. Zidi in a Warm Production Area

The fig tree (Ficus carica L.) is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region under warm climates. Fig yield is governed by the previous crop load and is strongly dependent on shoot length. Special cultural practices are required to stimulate new vegetative growth that will ensure regular and high productivity. The present study focused on the use of the rest breaking agent hydrogen cyanamide (HC) as Dormex to enhance vegetative growth, which influences the yield. A field trial was held in northern Tunisia (36° 49′ N; 9° 48′ E) on mature fig trees cv. Zidi. In reference to untreated trees as control, two hydrogen cyanamide treatments at 1% and 1.5% HC were considered. Bud break rate, vegetative growth, starch content of shoots, yield, and fruit characteristics were assessed. Results indicated that 1.5% HC significantly increased shoot length, fruit number per shoot, and yield. It advanced bud break by 10 days and fruit ripening by 7 days compared to the control. However, leaf number, leaf area, and starch content seem to be unaffected by hydrogen cyanamide treatments. Regarding fruit quality, a 1.5% HC dose significantly increased dry matter content, while fruit diameter and total soluble solids remain unaffected. In conclusion, hydrogen cyanamide could be used under warm conditions to improve vegetative growth of fig trees cv. Zidi and consequently fig productivity. Application of 1.5% HC 40 days before bud break was the most effective in increasing shoot length and yield.     

Combining cover cropping with deficit irrigation in a Mediterranean low vigor vineyard

The aim of this research was to test the effects of vineyard soil management practices combined with deficit irrigation strategies on the performance of the grapevine (Vitisvinifera L.) red variety Tempranillo. Two soil management practices (soil tillage – ST and permanent resident vegetation – RV) were combined with three deficit irrigation treatments (regulated deficit irrigation – RDI, partial rootzone drying – PRD and conventional sustained deficit irrigation – DI) during two growing cycles. Compared to ST, RV reduced soil water content during spring, inducing a significant reduction in vine vegetative growth, yield and must titratable acidity. The effects of irrigation treatments were not much pronounced. Only in the second season RDI showed a significant reduction on vine vegetative growth, yield and must titratable acidity as compared to PRD and DI whose results were similar to one another.