富硒日粮对波杂肉山羊体组织硒储留和肉品质的影响

选健康、体重相近的波杂肉山羊16只,按平均体重相近分成对照组和富硒组,每组8只(体重差异不显著),两组基础日粮相同.富硒组日粮在对照组日粮基础上添加0.36%富硒蛋白粉,硒含量为0.557mg/kg.经过42d试验,结果表明:与对照组相比,富硒组羊体组织中背最长肌肉硒含量、后腿股二头肌肉硒含量和鲜肝硒含量分别高151.01%、192.16%和218.64%,差异均极显著(P＜0.01);而肾鲜样硒含量、羊毛硒含量与血液硒含量两组间均差异不显著(P＞0.05).两组肉品质指标没有显著差异.     

补充母源性有机硒与蛋氨酸对后代仔鸡腿肉过热味的影响

通过测定后代仔鸡腿肉冷藏期间过热味发生的氧化产物含量变化,探讨母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸补充对后代仔鸡腿肉过热味产生的影响。选用450只52周龄狼山种母鸡随机分成9个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡,分别在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同水平的有机硒和蛋氨酸。各处理组有机硒(0.1%)的水平为0.13,0.43和0.73mg/kg,DL-蛋氨酸(99%)的水平为0.32,0.40和0.54mg/kg。饲喂后收集种蛋孵化。每处理组挑选160只健康雏鸡,随机分成5个重复,饲喂相同日粮。13周龄时,从每个重复随机挑选2只仔母鸡,屠宰,取样,测定指示过热味发生的氧化产物含量的变化。研究发现:在过热味发展初期(6h)母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸对总醛、己醛、1-戊醇、2,3-辛二酮和2-戊基-呋喃的含量影响显著,存在互作效应(P0.05);对过热味发展后期(3d)挥发性氧化产物的含量影响不显著。高硒高蛋氨酸组与低硒低蛋氨酸组总醛、己醛和1-戊醇的含量最低,而2,3-辛二酮与2-戊基呋喃的含量最高;两组间各物质含量差异不显著。冷藏时间对各种挥发性氧化产物的含量均有极显著影响(P0.01)。因此,在种母鸡日粮中添加硒和蛋氨酸可防止13周龄仔鸡腿肉过热味的产生。     

Comparative effects of organic and inorganic selenium on selenium transfer from sows to nursing pigs

To investigate the effects of supplemental Se on the transfer of Se to nursing pigs when sows are fed diets containing a Se level above the NRC recommendation (0.15 ppm), sows were fed diets containing no supplemental Se or supplemental (0.3 ppm) Se from sodium selenite or Se yeast. A nonSe-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet with a high endogenous Se content served as the negative control (0.20 to 0.23 ppm Se). Fifty-two sows were fed diets from 60 d prepartum until 14 d of lactation. Six sows per treatment were bled at 60 and 30 d prepartum, at farrowing, and at 14 d postpartum to measure serum Se concentrations. Colostrum was collected within 12 h postpartum, and milk was collected at 14 d of lactation. Blood was obtained from 3 pigs each from 12 litters per treatment at birth and at weaning (d 14), and pooled serum was analyzed for Se and immunoglobulin G concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity. Regardless of treatment, serum Se in sows declined throughout gestation and gradually increased during lactation. Sows fed Se yeast tended (P < 0.06) to have greater serum Se at farrowing than sows fed unsupplemented diets. Colostrum and milk (d 14) Se concentrations increased (P < 0.01) when sows were fed Se from yeast but not from sodium selenite. At birth, serum Se was increased (P < 0.01) for pigs whose dams were fed Se yeast compared with pigs from sows fed the basal diet. At 14 d of age, there was no difference in serum Se concentration of pigs from dams fed any of the treatments. Pig serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and glutathione peroxidase-1 activity were unaffected by dietary Se source. Supplementation of gestating and lactating sow diets with Se (0.3 ppm) from an organic or inorganic source reduced the number of stillbirths per litter. However, only pigs born to sows fed organic Se (Se yeast) had greater serum Se at birth. Organic Se increased Se concentration of colostrum and 14-d milk to a greater degree than inorganic Se.     

Effect of maternal organic selenium supplementation during pregnancy on sow reproductive performance and long-term effect on their progeny

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animals and exists in nature in both inorganic and organic forms. Although organic Se is more bioavailable than inorganic Se, there are inconsistent reports on the effect of organic Se on the reproductive performance of sows. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal organic Se (2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic [HMSeBA]) supplementation on reproductive performance and antioxidant capacity of sows, and the long-term effect on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of their offspring with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design; 45 Landrace × Yorkshire sows were randomly allocated to receive one of the following three diets during gestation: control diet (Control, basal diet, n = 15), sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃)-supplemented diet (Na₂SeO₃, basal diet + 0.3 mg Se/kg Na₂SeO₃, n = 15), and HMSeBA-supplemented diet (HMSeBA, basal diet + 0.3 mg Se/kg HMSeBA, n = 15). On day 21 of age, male offspring from each group were injected with LPS or saline (n = 6). As compared with the control group, maternal HMSeBA supplementation increased the number of total born piglets, while decreased birth weight (P < 0.05). In the first week of lactation, maternal HMSeBA supplementation increased litter weight gain compared with the Na₂SeO₃ group (P < 0.05) and increased the average daily gain of piglets compared with the control group and Na₂SeO₃ group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, maternal HMSeBA supplementation decreased piglet birth interval as compared with the control group and Na₂SeO₃ group (P < 0.05). Besides, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was higher in the HMSeBA group on farrowing 0 min and 90 min, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was lower on farrowing 0, 90, and 135 min than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, maternal HMSeBA supplementation increased the concentration of selenoprotein P (SELENOP) in colostrum compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Further study revealed that the LPS-challenged HMSeBA group had higher GSH-Px and total antioxidant capacity and lower MDA in weaning piglets compared with the LPS-challenged control group (P < 0.05). Taken together, maternal HMSeBA supplementation increased the number of total born piglets, shortened the duration of farrowing, improved the antioxidant capacities of sows and their offspring, and improved the growth performance of suckling pigs at the first week of lactation. Thus, HMSeBA supplementation during gestation has the potentiality to produce more kilogram of meat.     

酵母菌富集有机硒和有机锗的条件筛选

试验应用单一变量原则,以有机米糠为发酵底物,葡萄糖和淀粉为碳源,研究酵母菌对Na_2SeO_3、GeO_2富集转化成有机硒和有机锗的最适条件。试验结果表明:培养基初始pH值为7.0、培养时间60 h、接种量10%、温度30.2℃、米糠添加量为36 g/250 ml、装液量80 ml/250 ml、Na_2SeO_3的添加量为12 mg/l、GeO_2添加量为120 mg/l,获得有机硒最佳生产水平为2.27 mg/kg,有机锗最佳生产水平为9.80 mg/kg。     

Long-term effects of dietary organic and inorganic selenium sources and levels on reproducing sows and their progeny

An experiment evaluated the effects of feeding either a basal non-Se-fortified diet, two Se sources (organic or inorganic) each providing 0.15 and 0.30 ppm Se, or their combination (each providing 0.15 ppm Se) on gilt growth and sow reproductive performance. The experiment was a 2 x 2 + 2 factorial conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replicates. One hundred twenty-six crossbred gilts were started on one of the six treatment diets at 27.6 kg BW. During the grower phase, animals were bled at 30-d intervals with three gilts killed per treatment at 115 kg BW for tissue Se analysis. Fifteen gilts per treatment were bred at 8 mo of age and were continued on their treatment diets for four parities. Sow serum collected within parity was analyzed for Se and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Tissue Se was determined from five 0-d-old pigs per treatment from fourth-parity sows. Three sows per treatment were killed after the fourth parity for tissue Se analysis. Similar treatment performance responses occurred from 27 to 115 kg BW. Serum Se (P < 0.01) and GSH-Px activity (P < 0.05) increased for both Se sources to 0.30 ppm Se during the grower and reproductive periods. Serum Se and GSH-Px activity decreased from 70 to 110 d postcoitum in all treatment groups, but increased at weaning (P < 0.01) in the Se-fortified groups. The number of pigs born (total, live) increased (P < 0.05) with the 0.15 ppm Se level for both Se sources. Tissue and total body Se content of 0-d-old pigs increased with Se level (P < 0.01) and also when the organic Se source (P < 0.01) was fed to the sow. When sows were fed either Se source, pig serum Se (P < 0.01) and GSH-Px activity (P < 0.05) increased at weaning. Colostrum and milk Se concentrations increased (P < 0.01) with Se level for both Se sources, but were substantially greater (P < 0.01) when sows were fed organic Se. The combination of Se sources had sow milk and tissue Se values that were similar to those of sows milk and fed 0.15 ppm organic Se. The fourth-parity sows had greater tissue Se concentrations when organic Se level was increased (P < 0.01), more so than when sows were fed inorganic Se. These results suggest that both Se sources resulted in similar sow reproductive performances at 0.15 ppm Se, but sows fed the organic Se source had a greater transfer of Se to the neonate, colostrum, milk, weaned pig, and sow tissues than sows fed inorganic Se.     

有机硒的合成及其在养殖中的应用

<正>硒是维护健康,防治克山病、大骨节病、糖尿病、肿瘤、心血管疾病等所必需的微量元素,是生物体内谷胱甘肽过氧化合物酶的重要成分,它的主要功能是清除生物体内产生的多余的自由基,提高生物体免疫水平。硒还可以参与辅酶A、辅酶Q的合成,刺激免疫球蛋白的生成,有抗氧化、抗癌作用,其抗氧化能力是VE的50～500倍。硒在体内具重要的生物学作用,参与GHS-Px的合成,保护细胞膜的结构和功能,拮抗及降低某些有毒元素及物质的毒性,影响视力传导和     

Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources and levels on sow colostrum and milk selenium content

A study was conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of feeding two dietary Se sources at various Se levels on the transfer of Se to the dam's milk and nursing pig. Six dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two additional treatments in a randomized complete block designed experiment. Inorganic (sodium selenite) or organic (Se-enriched yeast) Se sources were added to the diet at .15 or .30 ppm Se. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control, and a sixth group was fed .15 ppm Se from both inorganic and organic Se sources. A total of 43 sows were fed their treatment diets at 2.2 kg/d from 6 d prepartum to parturition and at full feed through a 14-d lactation period. Ten sows were initially bled at 6 d prepartum, and three sows and three pigs from their litters were bled at 7 and 14 d postpartum. Serum was analyzed for its Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Colostrum was collected within 12 h postpartum and milk at 7 and 14 d of lactation. When the basal diet was fed, sow serum GSH-Px activity declined from 6 d prepartum and remained low throughout lactation. When dietary Se levels increased, sow serum Se concentration and serum GSH-Px activity increased (P < .05) at both 7 and 14 d postpartum. The short-term feeding of either Se source at .15 or .30 ppm Se did not affect colostrum Se content when inorganic Se was fed, but it was increased when organic Se was provided. This resulted in a significant Se source x Se level interaction (P < .01). Milk Se at 7 and 14 d postpartum was 2.5 to 3 times higher when the organic Se source was provided and resulted in a significant Se source x Se level interaction (P < .05). When the combination of inorganic and organic Se was fed at .15 ppm Se, colostrum and milk Se contents were similar to those of sows fed .15 ppm Se from the organic Se source. Pig serum GSH-Px activity was not affected at 7 and 14 d of age by dietary Se level or Se source fed to the sow, but serum Se increased (P < .05) as dietary Se level increased, particularly when sows had been fed organic Se. The results demonstrated that organic Se increased milk Se content more than did inorganic Se and increased the nursing pig's serum Se. These results indicate that inorganic Se was more biologically available for sow serum GSH-Px activity, but organic Se was more effectively incorporated into milk.     

Effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing Japanese quail

1. The effect of increasing dietary selenium (Se) on production performance and immune responses in growing (0 to 6 weeks) Japanese quail was investigated. 2. One-day-old chicks (240) were randomly selected and divided into 12 groups with 20 chicks in each group (3 dietary treatments x 4 replicates). The basal diet contained 0.2 mg Se/kg and the two experimental diets were supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se/kg. 3. Body weight gain, food intake and food conversion ratio and mortality were not affected by Se supplementation. 4. On d 28, antibody responses to inoculated sheep red blood cells were determined. Antibody titres were significantly higher after feeding the two Se-supplemented diets. 5. During week 4, the response to intradermally injected phytohaemagglutinin, an index of the in vivo cell-mediated immune response, was shown to be increased in the groups fed on the Se-supplemented diets. 6. After 6 weeks, the relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were greater in the chicks given the Se-supplemented diets but there was no effect on the relative weight of spleen and liver. 7. It is concluded that supplementing the diet with Se has a beneficial effect on immune responses but does not affect production performance in growing Japanese quail.     

鹌鹑β-防御素10基因的克隆与表达及其体内分布的检测

为测定鹌鹑β-防御素10 (AvBD10)体外抗菌活性及检测其在鹌鹑脏器组织的分布,本研究应用RT-PCR方法从鹌鹑肺脏组织中扩增到鹌鹑AvBD10,经序列同源性分析,鹌鹑AvBD10与鸡AvBD10的氨基酸序列同源性最高(83.8％).将该基因亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-6p-1中进行原核表达,SDS-PAGE电泳表明,鹌鹑AvBD10重组蛋白分子量约为31ku.该重组蛋白经纯化后测定其体外抗菌活性,结果显示,鹌鹑AvBD10重组蛋白具有广谱的抗菌活性.采用定量RT-PCR法检测到AvBD10在鹌鹑脏器组织中广泛表达.     

高铁高硒日粮对鸡蛋品质的影响

用高铁高硒日粮饲喂产蛋母鸡,观察蛋品质的变化,结果表明,蛋黄重、蛋黄重／蛋重比略有下降,蛋白质／蛋重比、哈夫单位有所提高,蛋壳／蛋重比,蛋壳厚度及蛋壳密度无明显变化,提示：高铁高硒日粮不会引起蛋品质的明显下降。     

富硒动物产品的研究进展

硒是人体和动物必需的微量元素,具有重要的生理功能。硒能预防心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、维持免疫系统功能。本文就硒的生理功能,富硒产品开发的必要性,有机硒对动物产品硒富集的影响以及开发富硒动物产品存在的问题进行简要综述。     

蛋鸡日粮中添加醇母硒对鸡蛋中硒含量的影响

选用90只Hy-Line W-98母鸡(26周龄)进行为期8周的试验,研究来源于酵母硒的有机硒做为产蛋鸡硒来源的作用效果.试验结果表明,在蛋鸡日粮中添加酵母硒可以有效提高鸡蛋中的硒含量.     

有机硒和维生素E对母猪生产性能的影响

试验采用随机区组设计,2×2因子设计,在相同的日粮基础上,妊娠期和哺乳期分别添加0.3 mg/kg亚硒酸钠(以硒计)+22 IU/kg VE0、.3 mg/kg酵母硒(以硒计)+22 IU/kgVE0、.3 mg/kg亚硒酸钠(以硒计)+44 IU/kg VE、0.3 mg/kg酵母硒(以硒计)+44 IU/kg VE的日粮。结果表明:妊娠1 d、妊娠60 d、哺乳3 d、哺乳14 d,0.3 mg/kg酵母硒(以硒计)+44 IU/kg VE的日粮获得母猪血清中硒的最高含量。妊娠1 d、妊娠60 d、哺乳3 d、哺乳14 d,各处理母猪血清中抗氧化指标GSH-PX差异不显著。哺乳3 d、哺乳14 d各阶段均反映出0.3 mg/kg酵母硒(以硒计)+44 IU/kg VE的日粮获得乳猪血清中硒的最高含量。不同处理对不同阶段乳猪血清中GSH-PX的含量,哺乳第3 d各处理差异不显著;哺乳14 d添加0.3 mg/kg亚硒酸钠(以硒计)+22 IU/kg VE的处理和0.3 mg/kg酵母硒(以硒计)+44 IU/kg VE处理差异显著(P0.05)。     

日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡盲肠扁桃体结构的影响

锌和硒作为动物体的必需微量元素，是免疫器官生长发育和免疫应答所必需的营养因子，对体液免疫和细胞免疫都有促进作用。所以，畜牧生产实践中，常在动物日粮中添加锌和硒微量元素，以促进动物正常的生长发育和免疫功能。但是，当锌和硒缺乏或过高时，也可导致动物胸腺、脾脏、腔上囊等免疫器官生长发育不良，     

仔猪氧化应激及硒的抗氧化效应与机制

氧化应激（Oxidative Stress）是机体应答内外环境，通过氧化还原反应对机体进行多层次应激性调节和信号转导，同时造成氧化损伤的重要生命过程。在正常生理条件下，机体的调节机制会使体内处于相对自稳态，此时尽管也有自由基的产生，但会受到抗氧化体系的淬灭，从而维持在正常生理范围内。当动物遭受应激刺激或患病时，机体代谢出现异常而骤然产生大量自由基，