国槐离体再生及抗虫基因sck的转导

以国槐叶片作为外植体,筛选出诱导不定芽分化的最佳培养基;利用根癌农杆菌介导法将经过修饰的广谱抗虫基因豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因sck(Signal-CpTI-KDEL)导入国槐.国槐叶片与农杆菌共培养结束后,转移至筛选培养基MS BA 3 mg·L-1 IAA 0.05mg·L-1 G418 8 mg·L-1 Cef 500mg·L-1上.不定芽在培养基1/2MS IBA 1.0 mg·L-1 G418 10 mg·L-1 Cef 100 mg·L-1上进一步培养获得完整再生植株.通过PCR和Southern blotting检测证明,修饰的豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因sck已成功导入国槐细胞.     

农杆菌介导CBF3基因转化扶芳藤的研究

进行扶芳藤下胚轴抗生素敏感性试验,筛选出适合其抗性芽筛选的抗生素为G418(40mg·L-1)。建立农杆菌介导的扶芳藤遗传转化体系,确定适宜农杆菌转化的菌液浓度(OD600)、浸染时间(min)和共培养时间(hr)分别为:0.5、30和48。     

ARF基因导入烟草的遗传转化研究

以烟草无菌苗叶片为外植体,利用叶盘法,将含生长素应答基因(auxin response factor,ARF)的根癌农杆菌LBA4404携带双元质粒载体(pBin438)介导进行遗传转化.结果表明:诱导烟草叶片不定芽的最佳分化培养基为MS 0.8 mg.L-16-BA 0.05mg.L-1NAA,生根培养基为1/2MS 0.02 mg.L-1IBA 0.02 mg.L-1NAA,分化率、生根率分别为96.9%、96.7%;将预培养3 d的外植体与农杆菌菌液浸染3~5 min后,共培养2~3 d,然后转化到含Km75 mg.L-1的选择培养基上进行分化筛选,再转入Km为75 mg.L-1、100 mg.L-1的培养基上进行生根筛选,生根率为66.1%;与对照相比,转基因烟草在形态上发生了明显的改变,叶片颜色变深绿,叶片增厚,主叶脉变粗壮等.PCR扩增,获得40株阳性转基因苗,证明ARF基因已导入烟草中.     

农杆菌介导的杜仲叶片愈伤组织遗传转化体系

【目的】优化杜仲叶片愈伤组织的再生体系,研究愈伤组织对抗生素和抑菌剂的敏感性,探索影响农杆菌介导杜仲愈伤组织遗传转化的最适转化因子水平,构建农杆菌介导的杜仲愈伤组织瞬时转化体系,使杜仲成年植株外植体为受体的遗传转化成为可能,为杜仲基因功能的研究与定向改良奠定基础。【方法】以杜仲成年植株叶片为材料诱导愈伤组织,通过添加不同浓度植物生长调节剂与大量元素的MS培养基进行不定芽的诱导与增殖,确定最适培养基。在此基础上,在培养基中添加不同浓度抗生素及抑菌剂,研究愈伤组织对其敏感性。以获得的叶片愈伤组织受体系统为基础,通过L_(16)(4~5)的正交试验,探索不同转化因子对农杆菌介导叶片愈伤组织遗传转化的瞬时转化效率的影响,建立最适瞬时转化体系。使用获得的瞬时转化体系对愈伤组织进行遗传转化操作,筛选抗性芽,对抗性芽进行GUS组织化学染色与PCR检验。【结果】再生体系优化的结果表明,3/4大量元素浓度的MS培养基能够促进杜仲愈伤组织不定芽的诱导及生长;愈伤组织诱导不定芽的最适培养基为3/4MS+0. 27μmol·L~(-1)NAA+4. 4μmol·L~(-1)6-BA,诱导率为83%±10. 0%;不定芽复壮的最适培养基为3/4MS+0. 054μmol·L~(-1)NAA+4. 4μmol·L~(-1)6-BA,平均伸长长度为(2. 47±1. 33) cm。抗生素与抑菌剂敏感性试验表明,遗传转化的选择培养基中,抑菌剂头孢霉素的最适浓度为200 mg·L~(-1),筛选用的抗生素卡那霉素最适浓度为70 mg·L~(-1)。转化因子的正交试验表明,最适的农杆菌介导杜仲叶片愈伤组织遗传转化的转化因子组合为:预培养5天、侵染10 min和共培养3天。使用最适瞬时转化体系对约200个愈伤组织进行遗传转化操作,共筛选获得3个抗卡那霉素的抗性芽; GUS组织化学染色显示GUS基因在抗性芽中得到了表达,PCR检测证明这些抗性芽中存在NPTⅡ基因。【结论】杜仲叶片愈伤组织诱导不定芽的最适培养基为3/4MS+0. 27μmol·L~(-1)NAA+4. 4μmol·L~(-1)6-BA,不定芽复壮的最适培养基为3/4MS+0. 054μmol·L~(-1)NAA+4. 4μmol·L~(-1)6-BA。农杆菌介导的杜仲叶片愈伤组织瞬时转化体系为:预培养5天、侵染10 min和共培养3天,筛选培养基为3/4MS+0. 054μmol·L~(-1)NAA+4. 4μmol·L~(-1)6-BA+200 mg·L~(-1)Cef+70 mg·L~(-1)Km。利用此体系共获得3个抗性芽,PCR分析和GUS组织化学染色都表明T-DNA已整合到抗性芽基因组中。     

农杆菌介导的喜树遗传转化(英文)

利用农杆菌介导法将与植物纤维素合成有关的纤维素合成酶基因导入喜树体内,并对影响遗传转化效率的几个因子进行了研究,建立了有效的喜树遗传转化体系。采用预培养的外植体在OD600(0.5)的农杆菌菌液中侵染10分钟,外植体与农杆菌侵染后在再生培养基上与农杆菌共培养三天,然后转入筛选培养基,获得了最佳的转化效率。Southern杂交结果证明UGPase基因已经整合到喜树的基因组中。在最佳的转化条件下获得了 6%的转化效率。这个转化系统对于利用遗传转化对喜树进行遗传改良是非常有意义的。     

四倍体刺槐转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因的研究

试验以所建立的四倍体刺槐高频再生体系为基础,通过农杆菌介导法转化甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因,以GUS染色组织分析法为依据探讨了影响转化效率的各种因素,建立了优化转化体系,结果如下:20mg·L~(-1)乙酞丁香酮可显著提高转化效率;菌液浓度OD_(600)值0.3～0.7、预培养2d为宜;转化后暗培养对转化效率没有影响。并在以上研究基础上,成功地建立了高效、可重复的遗传转化体系,选择培养基上头孢霉素400mg·L~(-1)可有效地抑制农杆菌;卡那霉素50mg·L~(-1)时愈伤组织的白化死亡率达96.4％。经PCR检测,外源基因已成功的整合到植株的基因组DNA中,获得了15个转基因株系。     

农杆菌介导的楸树遗传转化体系

【目的】以楸树胚性愈伤组织为受体,建立有效的楸树遗传转化体系,为今后楸树性状的遗传改良奠定基础。【方法】通过农杆菌EHA105介导以胚性愈伤组织作为外植体进行遗传转化,通过正交试验获得最优的遗传转化条件,进而将外源基因转入到楸树基因组中。【结果】在1/2 MS培养基中添加不同梯度浓度的卡那霉素(Kana)进行选择压力筛选,在添加了60 mg·L~(-1)Kana的1/2 MS培养基中,楸树胚性愈伤组织的分化率为0.00%,存活率仅为5.71%,因此确定60 mg·L~(-1)为遗传转化的选择压。采用正交设计L18(37)进行农杆菌介导的楸树遗传转化试验,通过GUS化学组织染色统计瞬时表达率,正交试验直观分析和单因素方差分析结果表明:在预培养时间为2天,采用农杆菌菌株EHA105、菌液浓度OD600值为0.7、添加乙酰丁香酮(AS)浓度为300μmol·L~(-1)、侵染时间为10 min,共培养时间为5天的条件下,农杆菌介导的转化效率最高,且对转化效率影响最大的2个因素是乙酰丁香酮浓度和预培养时间。对浸染后的胚性愈伤组织进行8个月的筛选培养,共获得32个抗性组织团,对其中15个增殖较多的抗性愈伤组织进行PCR检测,表明86.67%的抗性组织团中有外源基因整合到楸树基因组中。内源激素水平会对植物体细胞胚分化产生影响,细胞分裂素(CTK)和脱落酸(ABA)促进体胚发生,生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA)对体胚发生有抑制作用。通过测定内源激素可知,转基因的抗性组织中内源CTK和ABA水平显著低于野生型的楸树胚性愈伤组织,而内源IAA和GA则显著高于野生型胚性愈伤组织,推测内源激素水平可能是转基因抗性组织体胚分化能力比较差的原因。【结论】建立了农杆菌介导的楸树胚性愈伤组织的遗传转化体系,对筛选获得的15个抗性愈伤组织进行PCR检测,其中13个抗性愈伤组织中有外源基因的整合。内源激素水平的变化可能是导致楸树转基因抗性愈伤组织难以分化的原因。     

尾赤桉DH201-2遗传转化体系建立的研究

以建立的尾赤桉(Eucalyptus urophylla × E. camaldulensis)DH201-2无性系高频再生体系为基础,利用GUS染色组织分析法研究了根癌农杆菌菌株、农杆菌预培养时间、浸染时间和共培养时间等因素对尾赤桉茎段和叶片外植体遗传转化的影响,探讨了适宜尾赤桉转化的卡那霉素和抑菌抗生素头孢塞污钠的使用浓度.结果表明,较优的转化条件是:采用农杆菌菌株GV3101,以茎段为受体材料,经过预培养6 d,在光密度OD600=0.5的菌液中浸泡30 min,然后转移到共培养培养基中共培养4 d,再转移到含90 mg/L卡那霉素和300 mg/L头孢噻肟钠的筛选培养基上,进行转化植株的再生,同时在共培养培养基和菌液中添加100 μM的乙酰丁香酮能够提高茎段外植体的转化效率.     

农杆菌介导慈竹4CL基因遗传转化梁山慈竹

以梁山慈竹2种类型成熟胚的愈伤组织为材料,采用农杆菌遗传介导的方法,将已构建好的具有降低木质素含量的PBI121-4CL-RNAi表达载体导入愈伤组织,探讨愈伤组织预培养时间、菌液浓度、侵染时间、共培养时间和温度对遗传转化的影响。研究结果表明,淡黄色、颗粒状、疏松易碎的胚性愈伤组织是较好的遗传转化材料。以在愈伤组织培养基上预培养8天的淡黄色、颗粒状、疏松易碎的胚性愈伤组织为转化受体,在菌液浓度为OD600=0.05的EHA105中侵染20min后,在25℃、黑暗条件下共培养2天(共培养基表面加一层无菌滤纸),在含有卡那霉素为55mg.L-1的抗性筛选培养基上筛选30天,抗性愈伤组织率为90%,经PCR检测,慈竹4CL基因已导入梁山慈竹愈伤组织中。抗性愈伤组织在芽诱导培养基上诱导30天,可获得丛生芽,待丛生芽长至3～5cm后,在生根培养基上经过20～30天的诱导,可产生1～8条根,获得再生植株。经PCR检测,慈竹4CL基因已导入梁山慈竹再生植株中,获得了转基因植株,转化效率为9%。RT-PCR检测结果表明,转4CL基因的梁山慈竹愈伤组织和植株的内源4CL基因的表达受到抑制,且表达量比对照明显降低。     

热激启动子控制的FT基因诱导杨树早期开花体系的优化

为实现杨树早期开花,缩短育种周期,利用农杆菌介导的转化方法,探讨影响热激启动子控制的FT1基因转化白杨派杂种无性系的因素,优化其转化条件,并实现FT1基因的转化,采用热激诱导方法诱导2～3个月大的转基因植株早期开花。结果表明:叶盘转化前的预培养、菌液浓度、侵染时间及共培养时间对卡那霉素抗性植株再生率的影响均达到极显著水平;叶盘在愈伤组织诱导培养基上暗培养6天,然后用活化至OD600=0.5的菌液侵染60min,再在愈伤组织诱导培养基上共培养2天,该条件下FT1基因转化白杨派杂种的卡那霉素抗性植株再生率可达29.84%;37℃每天1h持续热激3周可使FT1基因顺利表达,促进转基因植株开花;热激植株大小是影响转基因植株热激诱导开花的限制因素,低于20cm的植株不能诱导开花;热激诱导可产生相对较多的正常花器,但花器变异仍然十分广泛。     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated GUS gene transfer to Sophora japonica L.

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Sophora japonica was standardized using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 that harbored the binary vector pBI121 containing genes forβ-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phos-photransterase (nptⅡ). S. japonica transformants were selected by the ability of the leaf explants to produce kanamycin-resistant calli that regenerated into kanamycin-resistant plantlets. Successful transformation was confirmed by histochemical assay for GUS activity, PCR analysis and Southern blot. The period of nearly two months was required for the regeneration of transgenic plantlets from the explants. The transformed plants resembled their parents in morphology.     

四倍体刺槐、国槐和红叶石楠对根癌农杆菌菌株及不同抗生素敏感性研究

以含有RD29A目的基因和NPTⅡ筛选基因的根癌农杆菌菌株LBA4404、GV3101和EHA105侵染饲用型四倍体刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、国槐(Sophora japonica L.)和红叶石楠(Davidson Photinia)的组培苗叶片,研究3个树种对根癌农杆菌菌株和不同抗生素(替门汀和头孢霉素)的敏感性、以及根癌农杆菌菌株对3个树种的侵染能力。结果表明,不同树种、不同根癌农杆菌株和不同抗生素种类均对转化效果产生明显影响,红叶石楠是最佳受体材料,3个菌株侵染后的平均抗性愈伤率为37.0%,其次为国槐,四倍体刺槐最低;根癌农杆菌菌株LBA4404侵染能力最强,3个树种的平均抗性愈伤率达到33.3%、平均分化率达到17.6%;替门汀对农杆菌侵染后的红叶石楠组培叶片抑菌效果最好。     

Establishment of a transgenic system in fast-growing black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)

The AhDREB1 gene, cloned from Atriplex hortensis L., was transferred into black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results suggest that stems of black locust sub-cultured in vitro for 20 d are suitable for genetic transformation. The optimum concentrations of kanamycin and cefotaxime were 30 and 150 mg.L-1, respectively. Impor-tant factors affecting the transformation efficiency were studied by means of a L9(34) orthogonal design. An effective system for ge-netic transformation in black locust was developed as follows: the stems were pre-cultured for 2 d, immersed in the Agrobacterium solution (OD6oo = 0.7) with 10 mg'L-1 acetosyringone for 21 min and then co-cultured for 2 d. The selection pressures, changing from low to high, could improve transformation efficiency. The transgenic plants were identified by a PCR method. The PCR results indicated that the AhDREB1 gene had been integrated into the genome of black locust and two lines of the transgenic plants were obtained.     

国槐转雪花莲凝集素基因及抗蚜性

通过农杆菌介导法将雪花莲外源凝集素基因(gna)导入国槐叶片,获得转基因再生植株,经卡那霉素抗性筛选,PCR和Southern blot检测证实,gna基因已经整合进入国槐基因组中。凝血活性检测表明,大部分转基因植株表现出一定的凝血活性,对照未转化植株的凝血活性很低。室内离体叶片虫试试验进一步证明,转基因植株较非转基因植株有一定的抗蚜虫能力。     

Factors influencing Agrobacterium-mediated embryogenic callus transformation of Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) containing the pTA29-barnase gene

Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) calluses were used as explants to develop a new transformation system for citrus mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency included mode of pre-cultivation, temperature of cocultivation and presence of acetosyringone (AS). The highest transformation efficiency was obtained with a 4-day pre-cultivation period in liquid medium. Transformation efficiency was higher when cocultivation was performed for 3 days at 19 degrees C than at 23 or 28 degrees C. Almost no resistant callus was obtained if the cocultivation medium lacked AS. The transformation procedure yielded transgenic Valencia plants containing the pTA29-barnase gene, as verified by PCR amplification and confirmed by Southern blotting. Because male sterility is a common factor leading to seedlessness in citrus cultivars with parthenocarpic characteristics, production of seedless citrus genotypes by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is a promising alternative to conventional breeding methods.     

小黑杨转几丁质酶基因及酶活性

This paper reports a successful transformation of chitinase gene into Populus simonii×P. nigra by Agrobacterium-mediated means. For reducing adventitious buds,the optimal concentration of kanamycin was 40 mg·L~ -1 . Up to 700 mg·L~ -1 of Cefazolin Sodium had no obvious effect on differentiation of leaves. About 20-day-old leaf disc explants were pre-cultured for 3-4 d,then immersed in Agrobacterium suspension for infection for 6-15 min,then co-cultured on non-selection culture medium for 3 d in the dark at ...     

核桃体细胞胚发生与转基因研究进展

总结了核桃体细胞胚发生的研究进展,列表统计已报道的核桃５个种和３个杂种体细胞胚发生的外植体与诱导条件,重点论述了影响核桃体细胞胚发生与次生胚发生的因素,介绍了核桃体细胞胚萌发与转化的方法。还总结核桃转基因研究的进展,提出了用核桃体细胞胚发生系统进行外源基因转移的操作模式。     

Regeneration of phenotypically normal English elm (Ulmus procera) plantlets following transformation with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector

A transformation system was developed for English elm (Ulmus procera Salisbury) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 pMP90 p35SGUS/INTRON, allowing for the transfer of foreign genes and regeneration of phenotypically normal elm plantlets. The PCR analysis indicated that both nptII and uidA genes were stably inserted in the plant genome. beta-Glucuronidase histochemical and fluorimetric assays revealed expression of the uidA gene in the shoots, leaves, stems and roots of regenerated transgenic plants. The DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed the presence of the uidA gene in regenerant plants. Factors influencing successful transformation and regeneration of elms included: identifying gene-transfer-proficient Agrobacterium strains for use with elms; developing an infection protocol allowing T-DNA transfer while retaining the ability to remove inciting bacteria; and identifying selection conditions to eliminate non-transformed material and choice of regeneration medium to allow shoot production. The potential utility of an effective elm transformation and regeneration system in the control of Dutch elm disease is discussed.     

Preliminary Studies on Establishment of Genetic Transformation System in Loblolly Pine

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Genetic transformation of loblolly pine using mature zygotic embryo expiants byAgrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 carrying pBI121 plasmid was used to transform mature zygotic embryos of three genotypes (E-Hb, E-Ma, and E-Mc) of loblolly pine. The results demonstrated that the expression frequency of β-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) varied among genotypes after mature zygotic embryos were infected withAgrobacterium tumefaciens cultures. The highest frequency (27.8%) of GUS expressing embryos was obtained from genotype E-Mc with mean number of 21.9 blue GUS spots per embryo. Expression of β-glucuronidase reporter gene was observed on cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles of transformed mature zygotic embryos, as well as on organogenic callus and regenerated shoots derived from co-cultivated mature zygotic embryos. Nineteen regenerated transgenic plants were obtained from GUS expression and kanamycin resistant calli. The presence and integration of the GUS gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. These results suggested that an efficientAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for stable integration of foreign genes into loblolly pine has been developed and that this transformation system could be useful for the future studies on transferring economically important genes to loblolly pine.