芳香植物在深圳公园中的应用探析

为进一步挖掘深圳公园绿地景观生态功能的新内涵,探索公园绿地的"香化"途径,对深圳22个公园的芳香植物种类、应用频度、配置方式、应用需求等现状进行调查分析,并对芳香植物苗木生产供应情况进行摸底.结果表明,目前深圳公园应用的芳香植物约105种,存在芳香氛围弱、缺乏特色、功能性不明显等应用问题,但市民对公园应用芳香植物的需求...     

昆明市观赏芳香植物应用现状与评价

对昆明市青年路、岔街、金碧路3条街道和宝海公园、昙华寺公园、郊野公园3个公园的观赏芳香类植物种类进行调查,对其应用现状进行分析与评价。结果表明,与城市街道芳香植物应用相比,公园内芳香植物品种的选择丰富多样,形成的景观规模效果较好,植物群落配置层次丰富,搭配科学合理,季节性芳香效果佳,观赏效果好。提出增加应用种类和数量,科学合理地配置,加大栽培、养护和管理力度等建议。     

广东树木公园芳香植物资源分析

对广东树木公园的芳香植物进行调查,整理出“广东树木公园芳香植物名录”,该名录共包括芳香植物53科132属221种。名录收集整理了芳香植物的特性,通过对芳香植物的研究分析,有利于了解广州地区芳香植物资源,为该地区芳香植物的开发利用,芳香植物园的营建提供参考。     

贵州台江县野生木本芳香植物资源调查与园林应用分析

【目的】为研究野生木本芳香植物资源状况和芳香特性,通过野外调查对贵州台江县野生木本芳香植物资源类群和园林应用评价进行了研究,以期为开发利用乡土芳香植物资源提供参考。【方法】在台江县种质资源普查的基础上,针对绿化观赏树种,在2019—2022年间,采用重复多次随机踏查和线路调查方法,对野生木本芳香植物资源进行了调查研究。【结果】台江县野生木本芳香植物大约有36科74属136种,其中：裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物35科73属135种;从芳香特性来看,花期主要集中在春季,以3—5月为主,有109种,占总种数的80.15%;台江县有清香和芳香类野生木本芳香植物共47种,是清香和芳香类野生木本芳香植物的重要分布区。从园林用途看,以园林景观树和行道树用最多,有46种,占33.82%;台江县野生木本芳香植物开发潜力巨大的Ⅰ级有5种,开发潜力较大的Ⅱ级有64种,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级占总种数的50.74%。【结论】台江县野生木本芳香植物资源较丰富,开发潜力大。     

试论芳香植物在黔东南林业产业中的发展潜力

芳香植物含芳香、药用、营养、色素及抗氧化物质和抗菌成分，可用于香精香料、药用、食品添加剂、园艺及旅游等多个方面。据初步统计，黔东南芳香植物有142种，分布于44科中。分析并评价黔东南林业产业中芳香植物的应用状况，提出保存及开发利用等建议。     

海口主要公园香花植物资源调查与分析

香花植物在园林景观中满足了人们视觉感官与嗅觉感官的双重要求，有着独特的应用价值。本文对海口市5所大型综合性公园的香花植物进行调查，为推动其在海口市园林景观中的应用提供参考。研究发现，所调查的公园有香花植物45种（含1变种，2栽培品种），隶属于29科39属，以乡土植物为主，木本植物居多；多集中于夏季开花，花色以白色为主；花香从微香型到浓香型，以芳香型为主；主要有闻香主景式、点缀配景式两种配置形式。另外，香花植物种类偏少、种植面积小、花色单调等问题突出，针对以上问题提出相应对策。     

基于 CiteSpace 的国内公园绿地文献的可视化分析

为了准确客观地了解国内公园绿地的研究现状，把握公园绿地领域的研究热点及发展趋势，基于 CiteSpace 软件，依托中国知网（CNKI）数据库，对 1992—2020 年以“公园绿地”为主题的文献进行统计分析。结果表明，近 30 年间，公园绿地研究主要集中于 3 个层面：1）绿地系统、防灾公园及国家公园的规划；2）公园绿地的可达性、空间布局以及优化策略；3）景观格局和生态修复策略。可达性、景观生态学、布局优化及植物群落是近几年研究的热点，公园尺度的可达性、市域层面的指标评价及环境恢复性知觉是公园绿地研究的新角度。     

海口城市公园植物资源及其应用特征分析

通过调查海口市10个城市公园的植物资源,从植物种类、植物来源、观赏特性以及芳香药用植物等方面分析其应用特征,结果表明:1海口城市公园共有植物549种,隶属于111科389属,植物种类丰富,但各公园植物组成差异较大,且野生乡土植物应用比例不高,植物入侵现象较为严重;2公园以观花和观叶植物较多,且一年四季均可赏花观果。花期主要分布在夏季,花色以白色和黄色为主,果期主要分布在秋季;3公园芳香植物与药用植物资源种类丰富,分别为131种和182种。根据研究结果,提出海口地区的城市公园应加强优良藤灌植物选用、滨海区域多应用红树林植物以及适当建立特色植物专类园的建议,突出植物本土特征和景观特色。     

广州发展公园花境植物综合评价

为构建适合广州地区的花境植物综合性评价体系，本研究对广州发展公园中的 7 组花境的 植物进行调查，采用层次分析法，从观赏性、生态适应性、安全性和经济性 4 个方面，提出 23 个花境 植物综合评价指标，构建花境综合评价体系，并对广州发展公园的 57 种花境植物进行评价。基于花 境的特点，本评价体系中观赏性权重最高，生态适应性权重排序第二。经过综合评价，筛选了赤苞花 Megaskepasma erythrochlamys、巴西野牡丹 Tibouchina semidecandra、蝎尾蕉 Heliconia metallica、红花檵 木 Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum 等 36 种综合应用价值较高的花境植物。在本评价体系中，观赏性和 生态适应性是评价花境植物的重要指标，这与前人研究结果一致，也与花境营造注重“自然、美观”和 “可持续”的特点相吻合。综合评价等级为 I 和 II 级的 36 种植物适合在广州地区推广使用，综合评价等 级为 III 级的 21 种花境植物主要为一二年生花卉，因此在实际应用时，限制条件较多。     

植物之香：芳香植物，为何而香？

在植物世界里，很多种类体内含有芳香的气味；无论我们在野外还是在城市的花园草地，我们都会感受到这些植物散发的特有气息；令我们心旷神怡。其实，这些香气来源于植物体本身含有的挥发性油，随时挥散在空气中，植物的香味是植物生存策略的一种方式。我们把这些含有挥发性油，带有芳香气味的植物，称做芳香植物。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.