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1.
Trichoderma Biocontrol of Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea and Survival in Strawberry 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
Stanley Freeman Dror Minz Inna Kolesnik Olga Barbul Aida Zveibil Marcel Maymon Yehuda Nitzani Benny Kirshner Dalia Rav-David Alon Bilu Arnon Dag Sharoni Shafir Yigal Elad 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(4):361-370
Trichoderma isolates are known for their ability to control plant pathogens. It has been shown that various isolates of Trichoderma, including T. harzianum isolate T-39 from the commercial biological control product TRICHODEX, were effective in controlling anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) and grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in strawberry, under controlled and greenhouse conditions. Three selected Trichoderma strains, namely T-39, T-161 and T-166, were evaluated in large-scale experiments using different timing application and dosage rates for reduction of strawberry anthracnose and grey mould. All possible combinations of single, double or triple mixtures of Trichoderma strains, applied at 0.4% and 0.8% concentrations, and at 7 or 10 day intervals, resulted in reduction of anthracnose severity; the higher concentration (0.8%) was superior in control whether used with single isolates or as a result of combined application of two isolates, each at 0.4%. Only a few treatments resulted in significant control of grey mould. Isolates T-39 applied at 0.4% at 2 day intervals, T-166 at 0.4%, or T-161 combined with T-39 at 0.4% were as effective as the chemical fungicide fenhexamide. The survival dynamics of populations of the Trichoderma isolates (T-39, T-105, T-161 and T-166) applied separately was determined by dilution plating and isolates in the mixtures calculated according to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using repeat motif primers. The biocontrol isolates were identified to the respective species T. harzianum (T-39), T. hamatum (T-105), T. atroviride (T-161) and T. longibrachiatum (T-166), according to internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. 相似文献
2.
A collection ofTrichoderma isolates, with different biocontrol capabilities, were identified by molecular methods. Arbitrarily-primed PCR (ap-PCR) using
repeat motif primers was performed on DNA from aTrichoderma spp. collection of 76 isolates, and representative isolates were further characterized into three main clades by internal
transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. Consequently, a reliable phylogenetic tree was constructed containing isolates
belonging to theT. harzianum clade (comprisingT. aureoviride, T. inhamatum, andT. virens), theT. longibrachiatum andT. saturnisporum cluster, and that including the speciesT. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. koningii andT. viride.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004. 相似文献
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Luisa M. Manici Patrizia Bonora 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(1):31-42
Fifty-eight binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates were collected over six years from strawberry plants displaying symptoms of black root rot in Italy. Almost all
isolates were able to produce necrosis on strawberry roots, most of them also showed this ability on faba bean and, with lower
frequency, on a crucifer and a cereal crop used in rotation with strawberry in Italy. The sequence alignment of Internal Transcribed
Spacer (ITS) regions of 51 binucleate Rhizoctonia were analyzed and compared with a set of eight sequences representative of Rhizoctonia isolate Anastomosis Groups (AG) already found to be pathogenic on strawberry (AG-A, AG-G, AG-I and AG-F). The neighbour-joining
tree, based on ITS region sequences, divided Italian strawberry Rhizoctonia isolates into two main clusters corresponding to AG-A and AG-G. The results were confirmed by hyphal anastomosis tests. The
clustering obtained with the phylogenetic tree was also confirmed using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of 28S
rDNA to compare some isolates, defined as AG-A and AG-G on the basis of ITS region sequence analysis, with representative
AG isolates pathogenic on strawberry. The AG-A and AG-G Rhizoctonia spp. were widespread in Italian strawberry-growing areas, although with different relative frequencies: AG-G was most frequent
in northern (latitude 44°N) and AG-A in southern (latitude 39–40°N) Italy. Analysis of MOlecular VAriance, based on geographic
location, showed that Rhizoctonia molecular variations between northern and southern Italy accounted for 36.6% of the total, but most of the variations (61%)
occurred within each of the four geographical regions from where the isolates originated. 相似文献
5.
Carlos Garrido María Carbú Francisco Javier Fernández-Acero Giles Budge Inmaculada Vallejo Alison Colyer Jesús M. Cantoral 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(4):409-415
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major disease of cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa. This study identifies the Colletotrichum spp. which causes strawberry anthracnose in the southwest of Spain. A survey of the region was carried out, and the strains
isolated were identified as C. acutatum by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genus and species-specific primers, demonstrating that this species is
currently the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in the studied region. The pathogenicity of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides strains was evaluated on two principal strawberry cultivars (cvs Camarosa and Ventana) under field conditions, the latter
being more pathogenic than the former. 相似文献
6.
Béatrice Denoyes-Rothan G. Guérin 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(7):615-621
Six inoculation techniques were compared for their ability to evaluate resistance toColletotrichum acutatum of five strawberry cultivars. Inoculation by dipping the whole cold stored plants in a suspension of conidia adjusted to 2.106 conidia ml–1 made it possible to screen cultivars resistant to crown rot at 28 days after inoculation. Using the dipping technique, 44 strawberry cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to one strain ofC. acutatum, 1267b. Twelve of them did not show wilt symptoms and could be classified as resistant. When another strain ofC. acutatum, 494a, was inoculated to seven cultivars, all of them including Dover, resistant to 1267b, showed wilt symptoms. This result showed the importance of investigations on genotype × isolate interactions to conduct an efficient breeding programme for screening resistance toC. acutatum. 相似文献
7.
S. M. Salazar A. P. Castagnaro M. E. Arias N. Chalfoun U. Tonello J. C. Díaz Ricci 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(2):109-122
In the strawberry crop area of Tucumán (north-west Argentina) the three species of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose disease (C. acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides) were detected. Among all isolates characterized, one of them identified as C. acutatum (M11) and another as C. fragariae (F7) were selected due to their conspicuous interaction with the strawberry cultivar Pájaro. Whereas isolate M11 produced
a strong compatible interaction in cv. Pájaro with clear disease symptoms (DSR = 5.0), the isolate F7 brought about a typical
incompatible interaction (DSR = 1.0). When plants of cv. Pájaro were inoculated with F7 prior to the inoculation with M11,
the former avirulent strain prevented the growth of the latter virulent pathogen. Experimental evidence indicated that the
time elapsed between the first inoculation with the avirulent pathogen and the second inoculation with the virulent one was
crucial to inhibit the growth of the latter. The growth of F7 on the plant without provoking damage and the fact that there
was no in vitro antagonistic effect between the pathogens, suggests that the avirulent strain triggers a plant defensive response against
M11. The defense response was further confirmed by the detection of an early oxidative burst occurring within 4 h after the
first inoculation and by the observation of anatomical changes associated with defense mechanisms that lasted 50 days after
the inoculation with F7. Results obtained support the hypothesis that the plant resistance against the virulent strain M11
is elicited by one or more diffusible(s) compound(s) produced by the avirulent strain F7. 相似文献
8.
为筛选出黏虫Mythimna separata参与杀虫剂解毒代谢的主效细胞色素P450基因,采用叶片浸渍法测定了用于处理黏虫3龄幼虫的亚致死浓度,通过构建转录组测序文库并结合数字基因表达(digital gene expression,DGE)对不同处理的黏虫进行测序,并运用实时荧光定量PCR(realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)技术验证12个P450基因的表达情况。结果表明,用于处理黏虫的氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈亚致死浓度LC_(10)分别为0.15、13.66 mg/L;对照样品、氟虫腈处理样品和氯虫苯甲酰胺处理样品分别获得59 521 504、64 838 148和41 722 990个原始序列数据,分别获得57 441 216、62 368 912和40 285 164个过滤后的序列数据;过滤后的序列长度分别为8.62、9.36和6.04 G;碱基错误率均为0.02%;Phred数值大于20、30的碱基占总碱基的百分比均高于90.59%;鸟嘌呤+胞嘧啶(guanine cytosine,GC)含量分别为47.16%、48.94%和47.55%,表明转录组测序质量较高;黏虫受氯虫苯甲酰胺胁迫后,29个P450基因表达量上调,27个P450基因表达量下调;黏虫受氟虫腈胁迫后,23个P450基因表达量上调,26个P450基因表达量下调;12个P450基因表达量的RT-qPCR技术检测结果与DGE测序文库显示的结果基本一致。 相似文献