苏北地区稻虾共作立体种养模式与关键技术

根据江苏苏北稻区的土壤、气候、耕作制度等因素,进行稻田套养小龙虾种养模式试验攻关与示范,并组装现有技术,包括稻田选择与改造、放养前准备、虾苗放养、生产管理、水稻栽培、小龙虾起捕等一系列种养管理措施,旨在为江苏苏北稻作区及我国其他相近生态区域大面积推广应用提供技术指导。     

Shrimp Oil Extracted from Shrimp Processing By-Product Is a Rich Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin-Esters,and Reveals Potential Anti-Adipogenic Effects in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

The province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, generates tons of shrimp processing by-product every year. Shrimp contains omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and astaxanthin (Astx), a potent antioxidant that exists in either free or esterified form (Astx-E). In this study, shrimp oil (SO) was extracted from the shrimp processing by-product using the Soxhlet method (hexane:acetone 2:3). The extracted SO was rich in phospholipids, n-3 PUFA, and Astx-E. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes in the presence or absence of various treatments for 8 days. The effects of SO were then investigated on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of fish oil (FO), in combination with Astx-E, on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis were also investigated. The SO decreased fat accumulation, compared to untreated cells, which coincided with lower mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. However, FO and FO + Astx-E increased fat accumulation, along with increased mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut-4), compared to untreated cells. These findings have demonstrated that the SO is a rich source of n-3 PUFA and Astx-E, and has the potential to elicit anti-adipogenic effects. Moreover, the SO and FO appear to regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis via independent pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.     

一种蔬菜新型种植模式的探索及应用

为探索新的种植模式,北京巨山农场试验基地将22号温室作为示范化种植推广展示窗口,采用槽式基质栽培苦瓜和丝瓜,提高蔬菜品质和安全,提升蔬菜种植科技水平.     

In Vitro Bioactivity of Astaxanthin and Peptides from Hydrolisates of Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) By-Products: From the Extraction Process to Biological Effect Evaluation,as Pilot Actions for the Strategy “From Waste to Profit”

Non-edible parts of crustaceans could be a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds such as the carotenoid astaxanthin and peptides, which have well-recognized beneficial effects. These compounds are widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and their market is rapidly growing, suggesting the need to find alternative sources. The aim of this work was to set up a pilot-scale protocol for the reutilization of by-products of processed shrimp, in order to address the utilization of this valuable biomass for nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals application, through the extraction of astaxanthin-enriched oil and antioxidant-rich protein hydrolysates. Astaxanthin (AST) was obtained using “green extraction methods,” such as using fish oil and different fatty acid ethyl esters as solvents and through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), whereas bioactive peptides were obtained by protease hydrolysis. Both astaxanthin and bioactive peptides exhibited bioactive properties in vitro in cellular model systems, such as antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities (IA). The results show higher astaxanthin yields in ethyl esters fatty acids (TFA) extraction and significant enrichment by short-path distillation (SPD) up to 114.80 ± 1.23 µg/mL. Peptide fractions of <3 kDa and 3–5 kDa exhibited greater antioxidant activity while the fraction 5–10 kDa exhibited a better ACE-IA. Lower-molecular-weight bioactive peptides and astaxanthin extracted using supercritical fluids showed protective effects against oxidative damage in 142BR and in 3T3 cell lines. These results suggest that “green” extraction methods allow us to obtain high-quality bioactive compounds from large volumes of shrimp waste for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.     

一个新的马铃薯GBSS基因5'侧翼序列克隆及调控活性研究

采用PCR技术,从马铃薯叶片基因组DNA中扩增到了约0.6kb的马铃薯GBSS基因的5'侧翼序列,经序列同源性分析所克隆的序列与已知序列同源性为97.41%,含有启动基因表达所需的主要调控元件CAAT盒和TATA盒。构建该序列与GFP的融合基因植物表达载体pBIGGFP,并用基因枪转化法将pBIGGFP导入马铃薯无菌苗茎段、叶片和微型薯薯片,用荧光显微镜观察转化组织中GFP的瞬时表达,结果表明GFP在上述器官中都得到了表达,说明所克隆的约0.6kbGBSS基因的5'侧翼序列是具有启动基因表达的功能。     

恩施山区马铃薯与玉米、蔬菜立体种植模式

为了增加单位面积产值,充分利用有限的耕地,恩施州农户巧妙地将马铃薯与玉米、蔬菜进行立体种植,获得相当可观的经济效益。本研究在充分调查的基础上对这种立体种植模式进行了试验。研究方法为在海拔855m的地方采用双行玉米套种单行马铃薯,在玉米生育期内套种两季四季豆、一季白萝卜;对照为传统双行玉米套种单行马铃薯。试验结果为:立体种植模式马铃薯商品薯667m2产量达615.9kg,玉米产量达614.6kg,四季豆产量达1577.0kg,白萝卜产量达2755.0kg,667m2总产值达4149.4元,净产值达3044.9元,比传统种植模式的净产值增加509.7%。     

Solomonsterol A,a Marine Pregnane-X-Receptor Agonist,Attenuates Inflammation and Immune Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Arthritis

In the present study we provide evidence that solomonsterol A, a selective pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei, exerts anti-inflammatory activity and attenuates systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Solomonsterol A was effective in protecting against the development of arthritis induced by injecting transgenic mice harboring a humanized PXR, with anti-collagen antibodies (CAIA) with beneficial effects on joint histopathology and local inflammatory response reducing the expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, IFNγ and IL-17 and chemokines MIP1α and RANTES) in draining lymph nodes. Solomonsterol A rescued mice from systemic inflammation were assessed by measuring arthritis score, CRP and cytokines in the blood. In summary, the present study provides a molecular basis for the regulation of systemic local and systemic immunity by PXR agonists.     

早籼不育系351A的选育

３５１Ａ是安徽省农科院水稻所淅育成一个中熟是籼型不育系，具有早熟遗传力强、抗生好和异交结实率高等优点。１９９４年４月通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定，命名为“皖稻４９号”。     

Chemical, Sensorial and Rheological Properties of a New Organic Rice Bran Beverage

Rice bran is a solid residue from rice polishing that is used in animal nutrition and rice oil production. Cultivation conditions with agro-toxics, lipids instability, and tendency for mycotoxin contamination restrict its application in human nutrition. Therefore, organic agriculture is an alternative to use the properties of rice bran. Rice bran beverage is a new cereal product from organic rice. This work presents the preliminary results of the chemical and rheological studies of a bath pasteurized rice bran beverage. Compared with integral defatted milk, soy extracts, and brown rice low-fat milk, the rice bran beverage studied in this work presents itself as an important source of minerals and unsaturated lipids. All essential amino acids were found in this product. Glutamic and aspartic acids were predominant. Bath pasteurization at boiling water temperature for 15 and 30 min was adequate for microbiological safety. Refrigeration storage for 20 days, evaluated by pH and acidity variations, was ideal for assessment of the beverage conservation time. The beverage viscosity was of the Newtonian standard behavior, and its viscosity during storage was not a good parameter to evaluate shelf life. Sensory preference tests showed positive perspectives for this new beverage.     

Identification and Characterization of a New Type III Polyketide Synthase from a Marine Yeast,Naganishia uzbekistanensis

A putative Type III Polyketide synthase (PKSIII) encoding gene was identified from a marine yeast, Naganishia uzbekistanensis strain Mo29 (UBOCC-A-208024) (formerly named as Cryptococcus sp.) isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This gene is part of a distinct phylogenetic branch compared to all known terrestrial fungal sequences. This new gene encodes a C-terminus extension of 74 amino acids compared to other known PKSIII proteins like Neurospora crassa. Full-length and reduced versions of this PKSIII were successfully cloned and overexpressed in a bacterial host, Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Both proteins showed the same activity, suggesting that additional amino acid residues at the C-terminus are probably not required for biochemical functions. We demonstrated by LC-ESI-MS/MS that these two recombinant PKSIII proteins could only produce tri- and tetraketide pyrones and alkylresorcinols using only long fatty acid chain from C8 to C16 acyl-CoAs as starter units, in presence of malonyl-CoA. In addition, we showed that some of these molecules exhibit cytotoxic activities against several cancer cell lines.     

优质高产花生新品种晋花7号的选育研究

花生新品种晋花7号,原名5605-5-2,是山西省农科院经济作物研究所育成的优质高产花生新品种,该品种具有高产、优质、抗逆性强、适应性广等优点.2008～2009年在山西省区域性多点生产试验中,该品种较当地对照种晋花4号增产显著.2010年5月经山西省品种审定委员会审定定名为晋花7号,适合我国北方花生生产区作为春播花生...     

花生新品种粤油5号的选育研究

早熟、耐寒、高产、抗锈病花生新品种粤油5号是以“粤油116”作为高产亲本材料，以国际半干旱作物所的早熟品种“ICGV8641”为早熟亲本，以美国引进种质“P1381622”为耐寒亲本，通过有性复合杂交，多世代轮回交替选择、定向选择和多点鉴定等方法培育而成。该品种1998年通过广东省品种审定，1999年被列为广东省重大科技成果推广项目并获全国农牧渔业丰收三等奖，2000～2001年连续两年被国家科技部列为国家重大科技成果推广项目，2002年获广东省科技进步三等奖。     

水稻穗顶部小穗退化突变体paa1-2的表型与等位基因序列分析

水稻穗顶部小穗退化在水稻生产中普遍存在,严重影响了水稻产量。本文对水稻穗顶部小穗退化突变体paa1-2进行表型观察,同时测序分析突变体paa1-2中已报道的TUTOU1和PAA1基因序列。结果表明,突变体paa1-2穗顶部退化表型是在幼穗发育6期后产生的。突变体paa1-2和野生型的TUTOU1基因序列一致,然而其PAA1基因存在突变,在第1512~1515 bp处存在4个碱基缺失,导致基因移码突变并使得蛋白翻译提前终止,PAA1-2可能是已报道PAA1基因的新等位突变基因。     

早熟高产食饲兼用甘薯新品种万川58选育研究

万川58是重庆三峡农业科学研究所从杂交组合67 12×宁180的杂交后代中选育出的甘薯新品种,具有早熟、高产、抗旱、抗病,适应区域广等特点。在四川省区域试验中,鲜薯、藤叶、生物鲜产量分别比对照品种南薯88增产12.32%,0.44%,5.42%,在四川、重庆的生产试验中,这三种产量比南薯88增产11.37%～22.23%。该品种萌芽性优,幼苗生长健壮,植株单株分枝较多,结薯早而整齐,薯块膨大快,大中薯率80%以上,薯块烘干率25.1%,粗蛋白含量1.80%,可溶性总糖4.81%,贮藏性好,是食饲兼用型品种。     

Gloeothece sp.—Exploiting a New Source of Antioxidant,Anti-Inflammatory,and Antitumor Agents

Bioactive lipidic compounds of microalgae, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and carotenoids, can avoid or treat oxidation-associated conditions and diseases like inflammation or cancer. This study aimed to assess the bioactive potential of lipidic extracts obtained from Gloeothece sp.–using Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) solvents like ethanol, acetone, hexane:isopropanol (3:2) (HI) and ethyl lactate. The bioactive potential of extracts was assessed in terms of antioxidant (ABTS^•+, DPPH^•, ^•NO and O₂^•assays), anti-inflammatory (HRBC membrane stabilization and Cox-2 screening assay), and antitumor capacity (death by TUNEL, and anti-proliferative by BrdU incorporation assay in AGS cancer cells); while its composition was characterized in terms of carotenoids and fatty acids, by HPLC-DAD and GC-FID methods, respectively. Results revealed a chemopreventive potential of the HI extract owing to its ability to: (I) scavenge ^-NO^• radical (IC₅₀, 1258 ± 0.353 µg·mL⁻¹); (II) inhibit 50% of COX-2 expression at 130.2 ± 7.4 µg·mL⁻¹; (III) protect 61.6 ± 9.2% of lysosomes from heat damage, and (IV) induce AGS cell death by 4.2-fold and avoid its proliferation up to 40% in a concentration of 23.2 ± 1.9 µg·mL⁻¹. Hence, Gloeothece sp. extracts, namely HI, were revealed to have the potential to be used for nutraceutical purposes.     

高产多抗玉米新品种秦单6号的选育与栽培技术

秦单6号是陕西杨凌秦丰农业科技股份有限公司以自育系永801作母本,永859作父本,于1999年组配成的半紧凑型玉米单交种.该品种具有品质好、抗多种病害、丰产、稳产、适应性广,春夏播均适宜及制种产量较高等优点.     

高抗耐密玉米新品种丹玉78号的选育与栽培技术

丹玉78号是丹东农业科学院以外引系郑58为母本,自选系丹598为父本组配成的玉米单交种,各级试验示范结果表明:该品种具有高产、稳产、耐密性好、抗逆性强、生育期适中、品质优和适应性广等特点,深受农民欢迎。     

粮饲兼用、高淀粉玉米新品种"安玉13"选育及示范

安玉13(AY8512)由河南省安阳市农业科学研究所2000年育成,该品种属中熟类型,株型半紧凑,抗逆性强,适应性广.适宜种植密度45 000～52 500株/hm2.需≥10 ℃积温2 500 ℃左右,2000～2003年在各地、各级的试验和示范中表现高产、稳产、优质、多抗.2004年3月通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定.目前正在加速示范推广.     

Fish Oil,Se Yeast,and Micronutrient-Enriched Nutrition as Adjuvant Treatment during Target Therapy in a Murine Model of Lung Cancer

Despite the effectiveness of primary treatment modalities for cancer, the side effects of treatments, medication resistance, and the deterioration of cachexia after disease progression lead to poor prognosis. A supportive treatment modality to overcome these limitations would be considered a major breakthrough. Here, we used two different target drugs to demonstrate whether a nutraceutical formula (fish oil, Se yeast, and micronutrient-enriched nutrition; NuF) can interfere with cancer cachexia and improve drug efficacy. After Lewis lung cancer (LLC) tumor injection, the C57BL/6 mice were orally administered targeted therapy drugs Iressa and Sutent alone or combined with NuF for 27 days. Sutent administration effectively inhibited tumor size but increased the number of lung metastases in the long term. Sutent combined with NuF had no significant difference in tumor weight and metastasis compare with Sutent alone. However, NuF slightly attenuated metastases number in lung may via mesenchymal marker N-cadherin suppression. NuF otherwise increased epithelial-like marker E-cadherin expression and induce NO-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway in tumor cells, thereby strengthening the ability of the targeted therapy drug Iressa for inhibiting tumor progression. Our results demonstrate that NuF can promote the anticancer effect of lung cancer to targeted therapy, especially in Iressa, by inhibiting HIF-1α and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inducing the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, NuF attenuates cancer-related cachectic symptoms by inhibiting systemic oxidative stress.