新疆天山北坡城市群经济联系分析

在经济全球化与区域一体化进程不断加快的背景下,城市间的经济联系日益加深.城市流强度是表示城市对外服务功能的量化指标,描述了城市对外联系的强弱.文中以天山北坡城市群为研究区域,运用城市流强度模型,对其城市流强度和结构,以及城市的产业结构趋同性进行了分析.结果显示:对外经济联系具有显著的规模等级差异,形成了以乌鲁木齐为中心...     

天山北坡城市群经济、社会与环境协调发展评价

利用变异系数法、改进熵值法、耦合协调度和协调发展趋势指数模型,对天山北坡城市群经济、社会与环境协调发展状况进行评价分析。研究表明:目前天山北坡城市群12个城市中综合协调发展较好的前四个城市依次为克拉玛依市、石河子市、乌鲁木齐市和奎屯市;城市群综合协调发展水平不高,处于濒临失调状态;城市群综合协调发展趋势在2008-2010年处于增长状态,目前处于平稳状态。各城市在经济、社会和环境方面的先天禀赋和后天竞争呈现出的不均衡态势,是各城市及城市群经济、社会与环境系统综合协调发展水平不高的根本原因。     

荒漠绿洲区交通网络及可达性演化研究——以天山北坡城市群为例

交通基础设施建设是城市群发展的基本内容和重要保障.文中以天山北坡城市群为例,利用复杂网络分析,探讨了荒漠绿洲区交通网络特征及可达性演化趋势.结果表明:规划交通延伸城市间的联系渠道,提升区际间的互动效能,使得规划末铁路及公路网密度分别上升70.59％和28.57％,中心度及中心势指标表明交通项目拓展城市群连通路径,突破了...     

近期天山北坡经济带土地利用变化时空特征分析

土地利用 /土地覆盖变化是区域生态环境演化的一个重要因素。近年来 ,经济发展、人口增长和城镇化速度的加快 ,对天山北坡经济带内土地资源的利用方式产生了深远的影响。本文应用 RS和 GIS技术 ,对经济带 2 0 0 0年和 2 0 0 2年 Landsat TM卫星影像进行解析 ,分析经济带土地利用现状及土地利用动态变化特征 ,并探讨土地利用变化的驱动因素。结合野外调查验证 ,文章还指出该区域由于土地利用方式的变化所引起的生态环境问题 ,并提出了相应的对策建议     

近40年天山北坡经济带热量资源时空变化特征研究

利用天山北坡经济带11个气象台站1971—2010年年平均气温、无霜期、≥10℃积温的资料,使用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、t-检验和IDW插值对天山北坡经济带的热量资源的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:近40年天山北坡经济带的年平均气温、无霜期和≥10℃积温分别以0.4℃·10a-1、3.2 d·10a-1及87.2℃·d·10a-1的倾向率上升,并均在20世纪90年代发生了突变,突变年后比突变年前年平均气温增加了1.1℃,无霜期增加了8 d,≥10℃积温增加了239.4℃·d-1,而且随着年代的增加,年平均气温、无霜期和≥10℃积温的增加趋势更加显著。空间上天山北坡经济带的热量资源具有显著的区域差异,年平均气温、无霜期和≥10℃积温均呈现西北部高东部低的分布格局,并随着时间的变化年平均气温、无霜期和≥10℃积温的高值区已由原来的乌苏市、克拉玛依市向西扩展到精河以西广大地区,低值区范围缩小至玛纳斯县、呼图壁县周围一带。中东部地区的昌吉市、米泉市、阜康市等县市的热量资源的增加速率均高于中西部地区,其中昌吉地区热量资源增加最为显著。     

天山北坡经济带经济格局时空演变特征研究

利用新疆天山北坡经济带1978-2008年18个县市的人均GDP数据为基础,以县市为基本单元,采用ESDA全局空间自相关和局部空间自相关分析方法与GIS技术结合,对天山北坡经济带的经济空间关联类型、动态演化特征及动力机制进行研究。结果表明:1)30年来天北经济带经济全局空间自相关系数总体呈现空间正相关特征,且表现出一种稳定的状态。2)局部区域空间自相关特征显著,根据Local Moran's I所表征的空间意义分类,将各县市的经济发展分为集聚区(高-高)、萧条区(低-低)、空心区(低-高)和孤岛区(高-低),并结合区域面积变化,分析了天山北坡经济带区域经济集聚及演化过程特点。3)区域经济增长的近邻效应不是很明显,低-低和高-高两种类型区域面积有所减少。4)石油资源和交通条件是促进天北经济带区域经济空间集聚与演化的动力。文章最后探讨了天北经济带经济空间关联特点及演化特征对区域经济集聚扩散过程、区域政策选择、空间开发模式等问题的影响。     

2000-2017年天山北坡西白杨沟流域土壤侵蚀时空变化分析

掌握天山北坡西白杨沟流域水土流失时空变化特征,为该区域水土保持和生态环境建设提供科学依据.以西白杨沟流域为研究区,采用样地调查、遥感和地理信息系统相结合的方法,应用CSLE模型,定量分析2000-2017年西白杨沟流域土壤水力侵蚀时空变化特征,分析该区域侵蚀强度和坡度、旅游活动的关系,结合实地调查,探讨西白杨沟流域水力...     

天山北坡融雪期雪层含水率、密度和雪层温度研究

利用DELTA T自动气象仪和Snow Folk积雪特性仪等观测分析整个融雪期阴阳坡雪层含水率、密度与雪层温度的时间变化特征和垂直变化特征并分析与气温、雪深、风速、空气湿度、露点温度（[WTBX]DP）、湿球温度（WB[WTBZ]）等的相关性。结果表明：① 融雪期雪层温度的变化,总的来说阳坡雪层温度大于阴坡。前期阳坡雪层平均温度大于阴坡,后期阴坡积雪平均温度大于阳坡。阴阳坡平均温度在上层最高,中层最低。融雪期温度梯度变化,阴坡总的温度梯度值为负,阳坡为正。② 融雪期含水率的变化,阳坡雪层平均含水率大于阴坡,阴阳坡下层含水率最大,上层次之。融雪期含水率梯度的变化,融雪期阴坡的含水率为正梯度,阳坡的含水率为负的含水率梯度。③ 融雪期密度初期密度梯度较大,后期密度梯度减小。阳坡平均密度大于阴坡,阳坡较阴坡会出现较大的密度值。阴坡密度每日拐点比阳坡早2 h。     

天山北坡绿洲城镇用地扩展及其驱动力分析

以1990年和2007年TM/ETM遥感影像为数据源,利用人机交互解译的方法得到研究区2期土地利用现状图;利用GIS空间分析技术,对天山北坡绿洲城镇用地的扩展采用土地扩展集中指数、土地利用动态度和相对变化率等方法进行分析;同时采用主成分法对城镇用地扩展的驱动力进行研究。结果表明：建设用地中的城镇、农村居民点及其他建设用...     

Vegetation composition and distribution on the northern slope of Karlik Mountain to Naomaohu basin, East Tianshan Mountains

This paper reports the characteristics of plant flora in the region of the northern slope of Karlik Mountain to Naomaohu basin,based on field investigation of the vegetation and referring to relevant literature. The results show that the flora of the study area mainly consists of communities of single species or a limited number of species,genera and families. The flora composition is marked by the phenomenon of dominant families and genera;the temperate element occupies a dominant position,while in terms of the genera the Tethys element is an important component. Areal-types of the species are dominated by the floral element of Asian Central-part with xerophytic characteristic,and the life-forms of plants are mainly perennial and herbaceous. These characteristics reflect that the compositions of the species in this region possess both ancient and young elements. Analysis of the relationship between the species composition,plant community diversity and altitude gradient,we found that the structure of the vegetation has an obvious vertical distribution. The lower and higher altitude areas,where the climate conditions are relative inclement,are mainly occupied by the plant communities with simple structure and single dominant population,while the species richness in the mid-altitude area increases with favorable temperature and precipitation. Consequently,the species diversity and evenness indices show single-peak distribution with increasing elevation(about < 2500 m) ,while the dominance indices decrease in elevation from 500 m to 2500 m and increase in elevation of > 2500m.     

Altitudinal changes of surface pollen and vegetation on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains,China

To provide information on vegetation patterns and altitudinal distributions of pollen assemblage in surface soil layers,their complicated relationships in a dryland mountain-basin system in northwestern China and a realistic basis for paleovegetational reconstruction,we investigated 86 vegetation quadrats and analyzed 80 soil samples from the surface soil layers along an altitudinal transect on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains from alpine cushion vegetation at 3,510 m near glacier to desert vegetation at 460 m in the Gurbantunggut Desert.According to surface pollen assemblages and the results of the detrended correspondence analysis,the transect can be divided into six major altitudinal pollen zones as alpine cushion vegetation,alpine and subalpine meadows,montane Picea forest,forest-steppe ecotone,Artemisia desert and typical desert,which basically reflect the characteristics of the mountainous vegetation patterns on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains.However,Picea pollen also exists outside the spruce forest,Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia pollen appeared above the elevation of 1,300 m,indicating that most of them might be introduced from lower elevations by upslope winds.Airborne pollen researches from three regions at different elevations further suggest that a high-frequency northwest anabatic wind has a remarkable influence on the transportation and dispersion of surface pollen in the area.     

天山北麓绿洲自然适宜性研究

从自然角度出发,以行政区为单位,勾绘出天山北麓11个绿洲,考虑水土资源、气候、自然灾害四个方面对绿洲发育的正负影响,提取11项指标,经标准化处理后从优到差加权计算,计算出绿洲之间的总体相对适宜值,总体上表现为:玛纳斯和昌吉的相对适宜值较高,奇台和精河的值较低,并结合各绿洲的地域特点进行横向比较:绿洲规模主要受水资源总量的控制,其质量的差异更多的受到地貌、气候和自然灾害的影响。     

天山北麓黄土沉积的光释光年代学及环境敏感粒度组分研究

文中对天山北麓大佛寺(DFS)风成黄土剖面进行了光释光年代学、磁化率、粒度等气候代用指标的分析。结果认为该地区黄土沉积始于6.85±0.56ka B.P.左右,属于全新世黄土。通过粒级标准偏差法从黄土中分离出两种主要的环境敏感组分,分别代表了该地区两种主要的粉尘风力搬运与沉积系统。它们在时间轴线上的变化则代表了区域大气环流与气候模式的小幅度调整。研究结果还表明,该地区自黄土沉积以来就处于干旱状态,小幅度降水及气温的变化对黄土的影响极为有限,堆积的粉尘对黄土的理化性质才具有决定性的作用。     

An analysis of oasis stability in arid areas: a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains

This paper discusses oasis stability at regional scale with a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM). The results showed certain significant aspects. (1) As long as water resources in the oasis keep stable and their utilization efficiency can be maintained or gradually increased, the primary productivity could be continuously increased and the natural primary productivity keeped relatively stable. In this case, it is considered that the oasis is stable and its sustainable development can be achieved at regional scale. (2) Considering the availability of water resources in the oases, the oases on the alluvial-diluvial fans are highly stable. In the alluvial plain downstream of the groundwater overflowing zones the oases are moderately stable and in the lacustrine deltas or dry lacustrine deltas the oases are lowly stable. (3) Enlargement of oases and the increase of water resources and vegetation coverage in the oasis will certainly enhance the "cold-island effect" of the oasis and increase the stability of oases.     

天山南坡开都河流域洪水影响要素分析研究

根据开都河流域1958-2007年气象与水文资料,利用Mann-Kendall非参数检验技术对春季和夏季洪峰流量变化趋势进行分析,并在此基础上采用滑动t检验和Mann-Kendall方法对其突变点进行检验,最后应用灰色关联对天山南坡开都河春夏季洪峰流量的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:1958-2007年期间,开都河春季洪峰流量呈减小的态势,夏季洪峰流量呈增加的态势;春季和夏季洪峰流量发生突变的年份分别为1972、1996年;积雪日起6天积温绝对变化、洪峰日起前6天积温变化是春季洪峰流量的主要影响因素,即积雪日前期温度变化与春季升温程度决定了春季洪峰的强度;而洪峰日起前5天降水量、洪峰前期降水量是夏季洪峰流量的主要影响因素,说明洪峰发生前的土壤含水量与降水量多少决定了夏季洪峰流量的大小。     

Interactions between water-land resources and oasis urban development at the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China

Urban development in arid and semi-arid regions is largely constrained by fragile physical environments.The characteristics of an urban settlement are different from those in other regions of China.This paper analyses the coupling characteristics and spatio-temporal variations for oasis urban development and water-land resources at the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains by principal component analysis and a coupling degree model.The result shows that the degree and change in regional use of water and land resources are different among the studied cities/counties during their development.The built-up areas of these cities/counties have changed little with increasing populations and urbanization levels,which well reflects that the urban development in arid and semi-arid regions is limited by oasis areas.Per capita amount of water supplied,however,presented a trend of slowed growth with increasing levels of urbanization.Water consumption gradually increased with urban development and the improvement of people's living standards,accompanied by enhanced water use efficiency. The level of urbanization can be assessed through the coupling degree between oasis urban development and the use of water and land resources.A high coupling degree represents a high level of comprehensive urban development and use of water-land resources.Alternatively,a low coupling degree denotes a low level of urban development and water-land resource use.