大力发展青檀 扩大开发利用

青檀在我国分布广泛,耐旱、耐瘠、不怕水湿,适应性强.树皮是生产宣纸的重要原料,收入既快又好,枝干可做薪柴.根系发达,对护岸保土也有其特殊功能,值得推广造林.     

木本植物树皮研究进展

树皮是指木本植物维管形成层以外的所有组织。树皮作为木本植物的一部分,其结构一般比木质部更加复杂。目前,对木本植物树皮的研究已取得了一定的成果。文中在简述木本植物树皮形态结构的基础上,阐述了树皮的理化性质及其防护功能,以及树皮厚度模型及其应用;通过介绍树皮的理化性质,分析了树皮的生理生态功能研究进展;重点概述了不同木本植物树皮中基因表达调控机制;剖析了树皮研究过程中存在的问题,并展望了今后的研究重点,以期为进一步了解树皮的多功能性提供参考,同时为将来的树皮生态学研究提供借鉴。     

火炬松针叶与树皮代谢组比较分析

火炬松Pinus taeda是一种生长迅速、适应性强的针叶用材树种,针对火炬松针叶和树皮组织中的代谢产物的利用开发仍处于初级阶段,因此探究火炬松针叶和树皮组织的代谢产物具有重要的实际意义.研究利用超高效液相色谱和质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS)对火炬松的针叶和树皮中的代谢物成分进行鉴定,并采用主成分分析、正交偏最小...     

不同培养基类型和植物生长调节剂配比对白桦愈伤组织中三萜积累的影响

白桦(Betula platyphylla)为桦木科(Betulaceae)桦木属植物,在我国分布范围广,适应性强,资源丰富(杨传平等,2004).白桦树皮提取物成分复杂,药理作用多样.目前研究证实白桦中富含白桦酯醇、白桦酯酸等三萜类物质.白桦酯酸及其衍生物具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、降酯、利胆和保肝等作用,促进巨噬细胞和脾细胞分泌TNF,增加巨噬细胞的细胞毒活性,提高机体的非特异性免疫功能(李薇等,2000;Bahina,2003;Li etal.,2000).     

几种植物原花青素及其片段化产物的抗 ROS 活性评价

利用野生型AB系斑马鱼建立的整体斑马鱼ROS检测模型,对提取于马尾松树皮、云南松树皮、木荷树皮、桂皮、莲房、澳洲坚果内壳和油茶籽粕的原花青素及其片段化产物进行了体内抗ROS活性功能评价。结果表明,这几种原花青素通过基于茶多酚的片段化反应后,其产物的抗ROS活性功能均有不同程度的提高,其中桂皮和油茶籽粕的原花青素片段化产物的抗氧化活性得到显著提高。     

适宜城市绿化的树种—二青杨

二青杨在呼和浩特地区生长快,适应性强,而且发芽早,封顶迟,生长期长,是城市绿化的优良乡土树种.二青杨属青杨派,乔木,树干通直。有树皮灰     

红松人工林树皮因子预测模型

在森林调查中树皮因子是指树木的去皮直径与带皮直径的商。通过树皮因子可以利用带皮树干材积估算去皮材积,可以评估木材加工过程树皮残余量,可以预估树皮厚度,基于树皮厚度求算材种出材量等。树皮因子变化规律可以为实际生产提供理论支持,从而更好地进行木材生产和森林经营。研究树皮厚度和树皮系数的变化规律从而揭示树皮的变化规律,对提高林分蓄积生长量的精度有着重要的现实意义。     

“消炎止血”椿树皮

正臭椿是中国传统的木本药用植物。它因叶基部腺点发散臭味得名。臭椿树干通直、树姿端庄、适应性强、抗风力强、耐烟尘,为良好的观赏树种和石灰岩区造林树种,可作园林风景树和行道树。臭椿是不可多得的全株型药用植物。树皮、根皮、果实均可入药,以干燥树皮最为常见。椿树皮性寒、味苦涩,有清热燥湿、收敛止带、止泻、止血功能,用于治疗赤白带下、湿热泻痢、久泻久痢、疥癣湿疮、便血、崩漏等病症。传说臭椿原名樗,又名椿树和木砻树。它在中国的     

应重视树皮的利用

树皮是一种重要资源.在木材生产过程中,人们往往把树皮看成是无用之物,随意扔掉.其实树皮不但有其特殊生理机能和科学价值,还有着广泛的用途,可以说它与人们的衣食住行有着密切的联系.随着科学技术的发展,树皮的用途将不断被人们所发现,所认识. 近年来工业发达国家,树皮已得到广泛的利用. 我们要加强对树皮综合利用的研究,裨使树皮变无用为有用,生产出更多的产品,为四化建设和人民生活服务. 一、树皮资源的数量和组成一般认为达到成熟树木的树皮,约占树木地上部分的12-15%.我国目前年生产的     

不同变异类型杜仲皮含胶性状的变异规律

为了弄清不同变异类型杜仲皮的生长发育特点及其含胶性状的变异规律,为杜仲胶优良资源的选择和有效利用提供理论依据,进行了本试验研究.试验采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法;含胶率的测定采用杜仲胶综合提取法.研究结果表明,不同变异类型树皮特征及含胶性状表现出不同的特点.深纵裂型的胸径生长量、树皮厚度和木栓层厚均最大,而光皮型的胸径生长量最小、树皮厚度和木栓层厚最薄;树皮含胶率以浅纵裂型最高,深纵裂型的树皮含胶率最低;树皮内杜仲胶体积质量也以深纵裂型的最高,深纵裂型杜仲胶体积质量最低.     

尾巨桉树皮率及树皮纤维尺寸的变异研究

以广西贵港市平天山林场5年生、6年生和7年生的尾巨桉为对象,分析了不同树龄尾巨桉的树皮率和树皮纤维尺寸的株内变异特性。结果表明:尾巨桉的体积树皮率和重量树皮率均随着树干高度的增加而逐渐减小。树皮纤维长度随着树干高度的增加略有增加,但变化幅度不大;树皮纤维宽度、双壁厚度和壁腔比均随树干高度的增加而减小;树皮纤维长宽比则随树干高度的增加而增加。方差分析表明,不同树龄间尾巨桉树皮纤维长度和长宽比差异极显著,壁腔比差异不显著。     

黄柏、杉木混交林林分生物量及黄檗碱含量

为了给黄柏、杉木混交林的营造和经营利用提供理论依据和实践指导,对湘西低山区的黄柏、杉木混交林的生物量和黄檗碱含量进行了研究。结果表明:黄柏、杉木的生物量与胸径、树高均呈正相关,且黄柏、杉木生物量与胸径的相关系数大于与树高的相关系数,因此在经营管理时,应适时间伐以增大其胸径,进而提高林分生物量和生产力;黄柏地上部分干皮和枝皮生物量占68%,根皮生物量占32%,且根皮中黄檗碱含量比干皮高50.7%,在经营时应考虑根皮的利用,以获取最大经济效益。     

巨尾桉树皮率估测模型的研究

利用巨尾桉(EUCALYP GRANDIS×UROPHYLLA)实测数据,采用数学模型模拟的手段,研究、分析树皮体积率和树皮干重率的估计方法。结果表明,用胸径估计树皮体积率和树皮干重率的效果与用树干带皮材积估计树皮体积率和树皮干重率的效果相近,树皮体积率的估计精度优于树皮干重率的估计精度。     

Sustainable Harvesting of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arnot (Arjuna) and Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Robinson (Maida) Bark in Central India

Terminalia arjuna (“Arjuna”) in the family Combretaceae is a well-known medicinal tree whose bark is extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly as a cardiac tonic. Demand for Arjuna bark, both in India and abroad, has been growing rapidly for over a decade. Litsea glutinosa (“Maida”) in the family Lauraceae is a medium size tree. Its bark is used to treat joint pain, fracture, sprain, arthritis, back pain, and indigestion. Presently the bark of Arjuna and Maida is being extracted through unscientific and destructive harvesting practices. This is the first study on development of sustainable harvesting practices of Arjuna and Maida bark. The stages of bark recovery varied from tree to tree. Age of tree, harvesting method, and season of harvest influenced bark regeneration. This study recommends that for sustainable harvest, mature bark from only one fourth to one third of the total girth of the tree should be stripped by removing only outer and middle bark, leaving the inner bark for regeneration. However, strip harvesting was found to be the best method in younger trees having a girth at breast height (GBH) of less than 60 cm. Sustainable bark harvesting can be done after every 2 yr for Arjuna and 1 yr for Maida by removing opposite quarters of trunk bark.     

News and Views

Abstract

The volume of bark is a function of bark thickness and tree diameter, thus bark and tree volume calculations depend on accurate determination of bark thickness. Bark thickness is affected by a number of inherent and external factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting bark thickness and to derive models predicting bark thickness for Picea orientalis (L.) Link. This study indicated that bark thickness at breast height was strongly correlated with geographical aspect, tree age and diameter classes, and bark thickness increased as tree age or diameter class increased in sunny or shady aspect. Diameter over bark at breast height explained 50% of the variations in double bark thickness at breast height on shady aspects and 68% of the variations in double bark thickness of P. orientalis at breast height on sunny aspects. By adding tree age to the functions, the coefficient of determination increased by 1–2%. Thus, not only tree ages and diameters, but also the aspect in which trees grow should be taken into account to calculate the amounts of wood and bark in P. orientalis.     

样木解析法及其在材积表编制中的应用研究

提出了一种材积表编制样本资料收集的新方法———样木解析法。即在标准地中采用随机或机械抽样方法选取样木,进行树干解析,获得样木生长过程;通过建立树皮系数与树皮率回归模型,将样木解析后的各龄阶去皮直径和去皮材积转化为带皮直径和带皮材积,一株样木可获得龄阶数个编表样本。经四川农业大学实习林场楠木一元材积表、二元材积表编制实践,有减少编表样本收集工作量、消耗林木少的优点,且能达到精度要求,同时,也为珍稀树种材积表编制样本资料收集提供了新的方法。     

Bark thickness and bark volume of Pinus patula in South Africa

In South Africa, tree volume tables and volume functions are usually based on the under bark stem volume. Many forest management studies, however, give the estimated over bark volume, in which case equations are required that estimate bark volume and possibly bark thickness as a function of DBH and tree height. This study deals with the evaluation of geographical regions and tree characteristics on bark thickness and bark volume of Pinus patula in South Africa.     

Limited response of ponderosa pine bole defenses to wounding and fungi

Tree defense against bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and their associated fungi generally comprises some combination of constitutive (primary) and induced (secondary) defenses. In pines, the primary constitutive defense against bark beetles consists of preformed resin stored in resin ducts. Induced defenses at the wound site (point of beetle entry) in pines may consist of an increase in resin flow and necrotic lesion formation. The quantity and quality of both induced and constitutive defenses can vary by species and season. The inducible defense response in ponderosa pine is not well understood. Our study examined the inducible defense response in ponderosa pine using traumatic mechanical wounding, and wounding with and without fungal inoculations with two different bark beetle-associated fungi (Ophiostoma minus and Grosmannia clavigera). Resin flow did not significantly increase in response to any treatment. In addition, necrotic lesion formation on the bole after fungal inoculation was minimal. Stand thinning, which has been shown to increase water availability, had no, or inconsistent, effects on inducible tree defense. Our results suggest that ponderosa pine bole defense against bark beetles and their associated fungi is primarily constitutive and not induced.     

树高、胸径、树皮厚对厚朴产量的影响

为研究厚朴树高、胸径和树皮厚度对其产量的影响,从而为厚朴品种选优及丰产栽培提供理论指导。采用系统抽样方法抽取了10~14 a的90个厚朴单株样本,测量其单株树高、胸径、树皮厚和树皮产量,通过建立和分析厚朴产量回归方程可知,胸径、树高和树皮厚与产量均成正相关关系;胸径、树高、树皮厚对产量的直接影响从大到小依次为胸径、树高、树皮厚,其中胸径对产量的影响以直接影响为主,树高对产量的间接影响稍高于直接影响,其间接影响主要是通过胸径对产量产生影响,树皮厚主要通过胸径和树高对产量产生间接影响,直接影响较小。     

松墨天牛幼虫生息坑道的研究

松墨天牛幼虫在松树内钻筑的生息坑道对其生存和繁殖具重要意义。研究显示:松墨天牛幼虫坑道数量分布与不同松树高度、胸径、株内高度、树干皮层厚度有着密切关系。幼虫坑道数量比率随不同松树高度、胸径的增加而增高,与株内不同高度区域的材积大小无关。平均树高4～6m和8～9m的马尾松,幼虫坑道分布率以树高2～3m和3～4m处为最高。马尾松和黄山松寄主上,幼虫坑道分布率分别以1.1～2.0mm和3.1～4.0mm厚的皮层为最大。为阻止同类幼虫侵入坑道,幼虫以啮木发出警示声,平均每次持续2min35s。