Factors Affecting Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Efficiency in Rice

Several important factors affecting the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation were studied with several predominant commercial indica and japonica rice cultivars. As far as indica rice callus was concerned, CC medium was the best and the quality of callus was improved with the addition of 1.0 to 2.0 mg/L ABA. It decreased the percentage of browning calli and improved the callus growing state by addition of a certain amount of sorbitol to the subculture medium. NB medium was the best for callus initiation of japonica rice, but the improvement in the quality of callus of japonica subspecies was not obvious by adding ABA. During the period of subculture, to a certain degree, increasing the sucrose concentration could improve the proportion of hygromycin resistant calli. Furthermore, the transformation efficiency would be higher by applying selection pressure in the selection stage, removing selection pressure during the plantlet differentiation period and applying selection pressure again during seedling hardening period. Besides, suitable combination of plant hormones was beneficial for callus differentiation. An efficient /Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation system had been established for several rice cultivars and a lot of transgenic rice plants had been obtained.     

提高农杆菌介导转化水稻效率的因素

 以3个籼稻品种和2个粳稻品种为对象，对农杆菌转化水稻过程中影响转化效率的因素进行了研究。结果表明，菌株AGL1和EHA105按一定比例混合共转化和转化前菌体重悬对抗性愈伤率有显著影响；琼脂粉加倍和超净工作台上风干4 h的方法因能明显提高抗性愈伤率和分化率而被认为是最适合的干燥培养方式；分化培养基中加入二甲基亚砜（DMSO）或脯氨酸（Pro）可以提高分化率；壮苗时加入适量的NAA有利于壮根并提高移栽成活率。应用此农杆菌转化系统，获得了一批经PCR和点杂交鉴定的转基因植株。     

Effect of Phytosulfokine-a on Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Rice

Phytosulfokine- α （PSK- α ）, a biologically active peptide acting as a growth factor, plays a key role in cellular differentiation and proliferation. To test if PSK- α has some influence on agrobacterium-mediated transformation in rice, PSK-α at a series of concentrations was added into co-culture medium respectively. The results showed that PSK- α indeed affected the recovery of resistant calli and the transformation frequency of rice varieties Taipei 309 and Lijiangxintuanheigu, PSK- α at the concentration of 10 nmol/L could increase induction of resistant callus and efficiency of transformation, with a 11% and 4.9% top increase, respectively than the control. However, PSK- αat 200 nmol/L could inhibit the induction of the resistant calli. Further more, the effect of PSK-α on agrobacterium-mediated transformation is related with the concentration of 2, 4-D in selection medium. Higher induction rate of resistant calli was obtained from tissues treated with PSK- α plus 2 mg/L 2, 4-D.     

提高农杆菌转化水稻频率几个因素的研究

以6个重要的籼稻和粳稻品种为材料,研究了影响农杆菌转化水稻频率的几个重要因素。结果表明,对于籼稻品种而言,CC培养基是愈伤组织的最适诱导培养基;添加1.0~2.0 mg/L ABA能有效地改善愈伤组织的质量;在继代培养基中添加山梨醇能改善愈伤组织的生长状态,降低愈伤组织的褐化。而对于粳稻品种来说,适宜的诱导培养基是NB培养基,添加ABA对愈伤组织的改善效果不明显,对于多次继代的愈伤可以适当增加蔗糖浓度以提高抗性愈伤率。此外,在筛选时期适当加大筛选压力,分化时去掉筛选压力,壮苗时加适当的选择压力,可提高转化率。在分化时,采用适宜的激素配比有利于提高分化率。应用所优化的农杆菌转化系统,获得了一些有价值的转化植株。     

Infection of Early and Young Callus Tissues of Indica Rice BPT 5204 Enhances Regeneration and Transformation Efficiency

A rapid and reproducible method to develop transgenic plants with enhanced transformation efficiency using Agrobacterium has been developed for the elite indica rice variety BPT 5204. Different rice calli aged from 3 to 30 d were co-cultivated with pre-incubated Agrobacterium suspension culture （LBA4404： pSB1, pCAMBIA1301） and incubated in dark for 3 d. Based on the transient GUS gene expression analysis, 6-day-old young calli showed high transformation frequency followed by 21-day-old ones. Thus, both 6-and 21-day-old calli were used for assessing the stable transformation efficiency. It was observed that the 6-day-old young transformed calli showed about 2-fold higher regeneration frequency when compared with 21-day-old calli. The transformation efficiency was enhanced for young calli to 5.9% compared with 0.8% of the 21-day-old calli. Molecular and genetic analysis of transgenic plants （To） revealed the presence of 1-2 copies of T-DNA integration in transformants and it follows Mendalian ratio in T1 transgenic plants. From the present study, it was concluded that the development of transgenic rice plants in less duration with high regeneration and transformation efficiency was achieved in BPT 5204 by using 6-day-old young calli as explants.     

不同转化方法培育无抗性选择标记转基因水稻效率的比较

 为研究不同的转化方法培育无抗性选择标记转基因水稻的效果,以4个籼粳稻品种为受体材料,比较了用农杆菌介导的双菌双载体和双T DNA单载体两种共转化技术的共转化频率及随后获得的无抗性选择标记基因转化子的效率。结果表明,在双菌双载体介导的转化中,4个水稻品种的平均共转化频率为10.1%,其中55.6%的共转化植株自交后代中可筛选出无抗性选择标记的转基因水稻植株。在单载体双 T DNA介导的共转化中,平均共转化频率为45.0%,从其中600%的共转化植株自交后代中可获得无抗性选择标记的转基因植株,即双T DNA单载体法的去选择标记的效率（270%）要较双菌双载体法（5.6%）高。     

电镜观察农杆菌介导香蕉基因转化的影响因子

用含质粒pBI426的根癌农杆菌EHA105和LBA4404转化香蕉品种威廉斯的叶片、横切薄片及香蕉细胞悬浮系,通过电镜观察农杆菌的附着情况,对香蕉转化早期影响农杆菌与香蕉受体材料相互作用的主要影响因子进行了研究。结果表明:不同的农杆菌菌株对香蕉的遗传转化有影响。EHA105易被乙酰丁香酮诱导,附着在香蕉组织上的量比农杆菌LBA4404的附着量大;乙酰丁香酮是香蕉遗传转化中必不可少的;乙酰丁香酮显著促进了农杆菌的附着量;香蕉横切薄片具有很强吸附农杆菌的能力。     

农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化研究进展

植物基因工程是大豆遗传改良的重要途径。农杆菌介导法是大豆遗传转化的重要方法之一,许多实验室应用该方法得到了转基因大豆,但目前使用该方法进行转化的效率还比较低,尚需深入研究。综述了农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化的分子机理,常用转化体系及其优缺点并分析了影响转化效率的因素,同时对今后研究的重点进行了讨论。     

农杆菌介导将雪莲凝集素(GNA)基因转入籼稻单倍体微芽的初步研究

 以含有双元载体(携带GNA基因,nptⅡ基因)的根癌农杆菌菌系LBA4404转化籼稻单倍体无性系微芽Hu18,经共培养后在含G418的保存培养基中连续筛选G418抗性芽,抗性芽经生根培养基中壮苗获得单倍体转化植株。PCR分析证明GNA基因已进入到Hu18细胞中,抗虫鉴定表明转基因植株具有白背飞虱抗性。并探明了G418对单倍体微芽的致死浓度和时间,共培养时间对G418抗性芽产生的影响。      

影响农杆菌介导大豆子叶节遗传转化因素的研究

利用GUS基因的稳定性和特异性及在植物体中瞬时表达的特点,对农杆菌介导大豆子叶节遗传转化过程中的一些影响因素(激素浓度、筛选剂浓度、基因型和农杆菌菌株)进行研究.结果表明:芽诱导阶段6-BA浓度为1.6mg· L-1时诱导效率较高;适宜的草铵膦筛选浓度为3 mg· L-1;同时对24个大豆基因型的再生能力和对农杆菌菌株...     

Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Rice: Constraints and Possible Solutions

Genetic transformation of rice(Oryza sativa L.) by introducing beneficial traits is now a central research instrument in plant physiology and a practical tool for plant improvement. Many approaches are verified for stable introduction of foreign genes into the plant genome. The review examined the different constraints that limit the success of rice genetic transformation via Agrobacterium-mediated approach and suggested possible solutions. Explant identification, gene transfer technique and construct to tailor the integration, transgene expression without collateral to genetic damage and transformant selection are among the technical challenges affecting the rice transformation. Despite the contests, Agrobacteriummediated transformation system has been a better option for producing transgenic rice varieties because of its exact T-DNA processing and simple integration of low copy-number transgene. This information is necessary for improving the transformation system for recalcitrant rice varieties.     

基因枪法转化籼稻有关因素的评价

 利用基因枪轰击水稻未成熟胚及未成熟胚诱导来源的愈伤组织,对国内外16个籼稻品种进行了转化。设置不同的基因枪转化参数,并在培养基中添加各种植物激素、甘露醇以及2-N-吗啉-乙基磺酸(简称MES)来改善继代过程中籼稻愈伤组织的生长状态。基因枪转化的操作参数（包括金粉浓度和DNA含量、基因枪氦气压力、轰击受体的不同状态）对转化频率有重要影响;在继代培养基中添加MES（500 mg/L）作为缓冲剂,可以减少籼稻愈伤组织褐化现象的发生;在诱导和继代培养基中补加NAA(0.5 mg/L）,KT(0.2 mg/L)可改进愈伤组织质量,进而提高再生频率;在继代培养基中补加低浓度的 ABA(1 mg/L)和甘露醇（20 g/L）,能普遍改善愈伤组织生长状况,减少褐化现象的产生,得到较多结构致密的颗粒状抗性愈伤。获得了再生的转化植株,经检测表现出对Basta的抗性。     

In planta Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Rice

The floral-dip transformation, the simplest technique, is no requirement of tissue culture procedure, and can directly transfer the interest gene into plant reproductive cells. It has been successfully applied to various plant species. In this study, the optimal conditions of a floral-dip method for production of transgenic rice variety RD41 were explored. The simple and effective inoculation medium was composed of Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium, 5% sucrose, 44 nmol/L benzylaminopurine, and 0.075% surfactant Tween-20 with pH 5.7. The transformation efficiencies of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains AGL1 and EHA105 were compared with the Agrobacterium density at OD_(600) = 0.8–1.0 and the co-cultivation at 25 ℃ for 48 h. A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 gave slightly higher transformation efficiency than AGL1, with statistically non-significant difference. The floral-drop transformation using the optimal floral-dip conditions showed higher transformation efficiency than the floral-dip method, but the dropped flowers turned brown and died within 2 d. Production of transgenic rice variety RD41 by the floral-dip method was achieved using A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 with the optimal conditions. Screening for the gus A gene by PCR using the gus A specific primers in the T_0 lines, there were 4 transgenic lines from 286 T_0 lines(1.4% transformation efficiency). However, histochemical glucuronidase(GUS) assay demonstrated that only three of four transgenic lines exhibited gus A expression. These results indicated that floral-dip transformation is a potential tool for production of the transgenic rice, which can be used for molecular breeding via genetic engineering in the future.     

Analysis on Factors Affecting Seedling Establishment in Rice

Elongations of coleoptile and mesocotyl are related directly to rice seedling establishment in soil and height of plant is related to lodging in rice production.Twelve typical rice cultivars with different lengths of coleoptile and mesocotyl(long,medium and short)were selected by screening the lengths of coleoptile and mesocotyl in 1500 accessions.The seedling establishments of these typical cultivars were compared under the combinations of different sowing depths and flooding durations,and two semi-dwarf varieties(G140,Zhong 96-21)with good seedling establishments and optimum mesocotyl lengths were found.The length of mesocotyl was completely fitted negative binomial distribution and the length of coleoptile was nearly fitted lognormal distribution. Analysis of the relationships among mesocotyl,coleoptile,seeding depth,flooding duration,and their interactions to seedling establishment percentage showed that there existed significant relations among mesocotyl,coleoptile,mesocotyl×coleoptile, seeding depth,flooding duration and mesocotyl×sowing depth in the experiment for seedling establishment.     

亚麻转基因植株的再生及生根培养的研究

本试验以亚麻幼苗的下胚轴为外植体 ,利用抗除草剂 Basta的目的基因和 GUSINT基因 ,采用农杆菌介导法进行了亚麻转基因过程中植株再生及生根适宜培养基的筛选试验。经试验得出 :在附加少量 BA和 NAA的 Ms培养基上愈伤组织的再分化率可达31.8%～ 40 .2 %。经 GUS基因检测在脱菌后 3天亚麻下胚轴初步形成的愈伤组织的转化率可达 72 .2 %;四周后的转化率为 2 5 %;再生植株的转化率为 2 0 %。在 1/2 Ms培养基中附加 0 .0 0 1mg/L NAA可使再生植株的生根率达到 87.4%。通过试验初步建立起了根瘤农杆菌介导法亚麻转基因系统。     

Efficiencies of Generating Selectable Marker-Free Transgenic Rice with Different Transformation Methods

To study the efficiency of generating selectable marker-free (SMF) transgenic rice, two transformation methods were employed for four rice varieties (Wuxiangjing 9, Longtefu, Xieqingzao and Zhenshan 97). One method is by using a single twin T-DNA binary vector pYH592 in one Agrobacterium strain, which is composed of two separate T-DNA regions (one carrying an antisense Wx gene and the other carrying a HPT gene). The other one, named as two-strain/ two-vector system, is by using two separate binary vectors in two separate Agrobacterium cultures. The results indicated that the average co-transformation frequencies of the antisense Wx gene and the HPT gene were 10.1% and 45.0%, respectively, for the four rice varieties. And the SMF transgenic plants selected from the offsprings of co-transformants were 55.6% and 60.0% in the two-strain/two-vector and twin T-DNA vector binary systems, respectively.     

农杆菌介导的马铃薯遗传转化影响因素研究进展

从基因型、外植体种类、预培养时间、菌液浓度、侵染时间、共培养时间、选择压、培养基激素含量等方面综述了农杆菌介导的马铃薯遗传转化的影响因素,并对进一步的研究进行了展望,以期该技术在马铃薯的产量提高、品质改善中发挥作用。     

Establishment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation System for Rice Sheath Blight Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1IA

To construct the T-DNA insertional mutagenesis transformation system for rice sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA,the virulent isolate GD118 of this pathogen was selected as an initial isolate for transformation.The conditions for transformation of isolate GD118 were optimized in five aspects,i.e.pre-induction time,co-culture time,acetosyringone(AS) concentration at the co-culture phase,co-culture temperature and pH value of induction solid medium(ISM) at the co-culture phase.Finally,a system ...     

根癌农杆菌介导的水稻转化体系

简要回顾了水稻转基因发展的历程;通过农杆菌介导法转化水稻的流程,分析了几种根癌农杆菌介导的目的基因转化水稻的影响因素:农杆菌菌系及Vir基因的活化、水稻基因型和培养基种类、农杆菌侵染外植体的时间、共培养的方式、共培养时间、选择标记与报告基因的选择、选择压;最后提出了水稻遗传转化中存在的问题及解决的方法。     

根癌农杆菌介导的柑桔遗传转化技术

以新会橙、锦橙(Citrus Sinensis Osb．)胚状体以及北碚447锦橙、纽荷尔脐橙(C．SinensisOsb．)田问成年树腋芽为转化起始材料，经含外源抗菌肽基因(Shiva A和Cecropin B)的根癌农杆菌感染后，比较了胚状体在不同培养基中丛芽的诱导频率和卡那霉素(Km)质量浓度对胚状体丛芽生长以及最终转化频率的影响，也对成年树腋芽在不同BA、IAA质量浓度处理、不同创伤部位和是否用石蜡带(Parafilm)包裹创伤口的诱芽和转化率进行了研究。PCR检测和Southern blot分析证明外源抗菌肽基因(Shiva A和Cecropin B)已导入上述4个柑桔品种；离体抑菌试验证明转基因植株叶片提取液对溃疡病菌有一定的抑制作用。建立了一个简便、快捷、通用的柑桔遗传转化体系。